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Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
Developing Indicators and Data Sets for Measuring Community Capacity
Regional Social Impacts of Growth ForumCQU, Mackay, August 21, 2007
Presented by
Geoffrey Woolcock
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
Measuring Wellbeing and Social ProgressMeasuring Wellbeing and Social Progress
International and multi-national developments
Australian state initiatives
Community Indicators Queensland?
Department of Communities: Developing Indicators and Data Sets for Measuring Community Capacity
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
Measuring Wellbeing and Social ProgressMeasuring Wellbeing and Social Progress
www.oecd.org/oecdworldforum
http://www.communityaccounts.ca/communityaccounts/onlinedata/getdata.asp
http://www.tbf.org/indicators/
State of the USA
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/happiness_formula/default.stm
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
Departmentof Communitiessafe, valued and empowered communities
The Department of Communities Needs Based Planning and Resource Allocation
Framework
Is designed to answer just 3 questions
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
Departmentof Communitiessafe, valued and empowered communities
What is an outcome? Change in the wellbeing of individuals, families and communities
attributable, in whole or in part, to an intervention or series of interventions
Who and where are our clients? Valid and reliable indicators of disadvantage, need and risk
affecting the wellbeing of individuals, families and communities
What are our interventions? Best practice policy and services delivered to identified high need
populations-locations
NBPRAF Core Q&A NBPRAF Core Q&A
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
INDICATIVE NEED- defined by analysis of
objective indicators incl. SEIFA maps, surveys of
clients, comparison with state measures and benchmark
data (if avail)
SERVICE SUPPLY- defined by analysis of
quantitative and qualitative data
NEEDS BASED APPROACH TO PLANNING ANALYSES MEASURES OF NEED AND EXISTING SERVICE SUPPLY IN LIGHT OF KEY PRIORITIES (local, regional, departmental and State Government) IN ORDER TO MAKE DECISIONS ABOUT WHAT IS PRIORITY NEED AND WHAT CHANGES TO A SERVICE SYSTEM
ARE REQUIRED TO MEET THAT NEED
GAP ANALYSIS: Is there a service or set of services to meet this potential need?
COMMUNITY CAPACITYto provide a service or set of services
SERVICE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM
No service development
required
Quality improvement
Scope expansion
Realignment Increased access through integration of
services
Reform New service
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
Departmentof Communitiessafe, valued and empowered communities
COMSIS
Communities Statistical Information System - purpose built and maintained by OESR for the departmentA key tool and platform to progress, across the state, a core set of common standards and information for identifying disadvantage, need and risk
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
Academic and Practice Literature ReviewAcademic and Practice Literature Review
The focus of the project is the identification and review of
relevant, recent Australian and international :
Academic literature on the development of concepts, definitions and indicators of community capacity; and
Practice literature on the development and application of standards and measures of community capacity in the public and private sector and the results of applying those standards and measures.
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
Developing Indicators and Data Sets for Measuring Developing Indicators and Data Sets for Measuring Community CapacityCommunity Capacity
Chapter 1 Why Measure Community Capacity?
Project Overview and GoalsScope of Review and Recommendations
Chapter 2‘Unpacking’ Community Capacity
Chapter 3Indicators of Community Capacity: Development, measurement and evaluation
Chapter 4Challenges and Opportunities
Implications for communitiesImplications for governmentImplications for researchImplications for partnership
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
Initial findings/Decision pointsInitial findings/Decision points
Defining community capacityCommonalities: (1) The existence of resources (ranging from the skills of
individuals to the strength of organizations to access to financial capital)
(2) Networks of relationships (sometimes stressed in affective, sometimes in instrumental terms)
(3) Leadership (often only vaguely defined), and (4) Support for some kind of mechanisms for or processes of
participation by community members in collective action and problem solving. (Chaskin, 2001, pp. 292)
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
Initial findings/Decision pointsInitial findings/Decision points
Conceptualising community capacityCommunity
Capacity and agendas for change Participation and partnership Community capacity building as means and end
‘Is capacity valued, and thus appropriately measured, as capacity to carry out specific tasks and solve specific problems, or can it be useful to measure it more generically, as a feature of community context in the same way as health status or demography?’ (Smith et al. 2003, p. 24-25).
Program specificity versus community problem solvingInter-organisational capacity versus community capacityContext and local applicability
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
Initial findings/Decision pointsInitial findings/Decision points
Measurement challenges First, there is a lack of consensus as to what community capacity means or how it is characterized. Second, consequently there is limited research on which indicators are valid and reliable for the measurement of community capacity. Third, unlike measures of individual health status (e.g., blood pressure), community capacity appears to reflect a broader “community” or population level that is more complex than just the sum of measures at the individual level.
(Kwan et al., 2003, p. 24)
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
Key findings and outcomesKey findings and outcomes
Measurement and Indicator Exemplars
John Wiseman, Warwick Heine, Anne Langworthy, Neil McLean, Joanne Pyke, Hayden Raysmith & Mike Salvaris. (2006). Measuring Wellbeing, Engaging Communities. Developing a community indicators framework for Victoria: The final report of the Victorian Community Indicators Project (VCIP).
G. Thomas Kingsley. (1998). Neighbourhood Indicators: Taking advantage of the new potential. Working Paper. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association, October 1998.
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
The Victorian Community Indicator Project filter criteria test both individual indicators and the overall indicator framework:
Each indicatorIs relevant and valuable to the communityIs grounded in theory (expert endorsement)Measures progress towards sustainability/community visionIs likely to give information about the future/early warningIs measurable (good data available at LGA level or reasonably confident that it will be available by end of 2007)Can be measured over time/show trends. Is regular (contingent on data source; eg, the Census)Can be disaggregated by population groupsCan be benchmarked against relevant jurisdictions (State as a default, potentially ‘like’ council groupings or national/international where relevant)Is methodologically defensibleIs unambiguous/clear – resonates with the general populationIs realistic – collection methodology or data access, reporting and so onApplies to all Victorian LGAs (metro, provincial and rural groupings like councils)Is supported by consultation feedbackIs consistent with other key government/local government indicators
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
The Victorian Community Indicator Project filter criteria test both individual indicators and the overall indicator framework:
Overall suite of indicators
Are conceptually sensible (consistency with project aims)
Have a balance of objective and subjective measures
Have a limited number of indicators (each indicator may have more than one measure)
Are relevant to resource allocation.
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
http://www.civ.net.au/welcome_to_community_indicators_victoria_civ
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
Next StepsNext Steps
Challenges and Opportunities
Implications for communities
Implications for government
Implications for research
Implications for partnership
Urban Research Program www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp
A Scenario to Avoid!A Scenario to Avoid!
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