presented to the first hemispheric convention on port environmental protection 21-24 july, 2009 foz...
Post on 17-Dec-2015
216 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Presented to
The First Hemispheric ConventionOn Port Environmental Protection
21-24 July, 2009 Foz do Iguaçu - Paraná - Brasil
Presented to
The First Hemispheric ConventionOn Port Environmental Protection
21-24 July, 2009 Foz do Iguaçu - Paraná - Brasil
Lillian AlmodovarSenior Manager and Deputy Director
Institute for Water ResourcesU.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Lillian AlmodovarSenior Manager and Deputy Director
Institute for Water ResourcesU.S. Army Corps of Engineers
National Challenge: Marine Transportation System
Value of all foreign trade represents nearly 30% of nation’s GDP (vs 13% in 1970)
Overseas waterborne trade 95% of overseas trade by volume 75% of overseas trade by value 16 million direct jobs
About $2.3 trillion in economic activity
System nearing capacity until current downturn
Cargo volumes still projected to double by 2025-30
Already a generation behind in channel design – but West Coast in better shape
Capacity constraints increase transportation costs, pollution, congestion
U.S. Ports: Vital to Trade…and to Our National Economy
MillionTons
Over 100
50 - 100
25 - 50
10 - 25
Houston
Corpus ChristiS. Louisiana
New Orleans
Baton Rouge
Texas City
Lake Charles
PlaqueminesTampa
New York/NJ
Valdez
Long Beach
Beaumont
Lower DelawareRiver (9 harbors)
Duluth/Superior
Los Angeles
Port Arthur
St. Louis
Portland
Seattle
Freeport
Huntington
Richmond
Oakland
Tacoma
Boston
Hampton Roads
Port Everglades
Jacksonville
Memphis
Detroit
Cleveland
SavannahCharleston
Indiana Hbr
Cincinnati
Portland
Two Harbors
Anacortes
Honolulu
Chicago Pittsburgh
Baltimore
Pascagoula
53 harbors – coastal, inland, Great Lakes - handled over 10 million tons each in 2007…
Toledo
Mobile
Matagorda
Kalama
Barbers Pt
Nearly 12,000 Miles 9 ft & Over
196 Lock Sites / 242 Chambers
Moving Over 600 Million Tons
About 2/3rds Cost of Rail and1/10 Cost of Truck
Inland Waterway System:
Forecast Total World Container Trade2000 - 2024
Doubled from 60 million TEUs in 2000 to about 120 million in 2008
Slight decline forecast in 2009
Renewed growth to about 260 million TEUs by 2024
That is down 40 million TEU from earlier forecasts
Source: IHS Global Insight, Inc. Dec 08
Million TEUs
Decline fromPrevious forecast
Forecast Top 5 Container Exporters2000 - 2024
And China accounts for 1/3rd of this trade…• (But exports down 20% from earlier forecasts)
Source: IHS Global Insight, Inc. Dec 08
Top 20 Container Ports by TEUs
Rank in
2000
Rank in
2007
Rank in
2008 Port name Country
2000 Million
TEU
2007 Million
TEU
2008 Million
TEU
Percent change 2000–08
Percent change 2007–08
Av annual rate (%) 2000–08
2 1 1 Singapore Singapore 17.0 27.9 29.9 76 7.1 7.36 2 2 Shanghai China 5.6 26.2 28.0 398 7.0 22.21 3 3 Hong Kong China 18.1 23.9 24.2 34 1.5 3.7
11 4 4 Shenzhen China 4.0 21.1 21.4 436 1.5 23.43 5 5 Busan South Korea 7.5 13.3 13.4 78 1.2 7.5
13 7 6 Dubai UAE 3.1 10.7 11.8 287 11.0 18.465 11 7 Ningbo China 0.9 9.4 11.2 1,145 19.9 37.038 12 8 Guangzhou China 1.4 9.2 11.0 669 19.6 29.15 6 9 Rotterdam Netherlands 6.3 10.8 10.8 72 0.1 7.0
24 10 10 Qingdao China 2.1 9.5 10.3 387 9.1 21.99 9 11 Hamburg Germany 4.2 9.9 9.7 128 -2.0 10.94 8 12 Kaohsiung Taiwan 7.4 10.3 9.7 30 -5.7 3.4
10 14 13 Antwerp Belgium 4.1 8.2 8.7 112 6.0 9.932 17 14 Tianjin China 1.7 7.1 8.5 398 19.7 22.212 16 15 Port Klang Malaysia 3.2 7.1 8.0 149 11.9 12.17 13 16 Los Angeles United States 4.9 8.4 7.8 61 -6.0 6.18 15 17 Long Beach United States 4.6 7.3 6.5 41 -11.3 4.4
113 18 18 Tanjung Pelepas Malaysia 0.4 5.5 5.6 1,239 1.8 38.317 20 19 Bremen/Bremerhaven Germany 2.7 4.9 5.5 103 12.4 9.214 19 20 New York/New Jersey United States 3.1 5.4 5.3 73 -2.5 7.1
Forecast Asia Container Tradewith North America: 2000 - 2024
Asia-North America eastbound flows over 13 million TEU in 2007
May fall by 10% in ’08-09
Projected to reach over 30 million TEU by 2024
Despite current downturn, will be huge challenge for U.S. ports to handle projected volume
Source: IHS Global Insight, Inc. Dec 08
U.S. Harbor Deepening Challenges Future Trade Volumes and Vessels
Study Process: The difficult and lengthy process to study, design, authorize and appropriate funds for channel improvements;
Funding: The uncertainties associated with the annual federal appropriation process for projects underway;
Dredging: The escalating costs of dredging and dredged material placement, and associated environmental mitigation activities; and
Handling Facilities and Space: The need for vastly expanded cargo handling facilities and improved intermodal connections, coupled with limitations on port expansion and encroachment of other land uses on port facilities.
SEALEVEL
Pre-19701,700 TEU
<10 Containers
Wide
1970-19802,305 TEU
10-11 Containers Wide
19853,220 TEU
11-13 Containers Wide
1986-20004,848 TEU
13-17 Containers Wide
2000-20058,600+ TEU
17-22 Containers Wide
Ever Larger ContainershipsDriving Need for Ever Deeper Channels
> 14m12.8-14m11.6-12.8m10m<9m
Deep Draft Challenges: Mega-ships
EMMA MAERSK11,000 (14,000?) TEUs
S Class6800 TEUS Class
6800 TEU
L Class14,000 TEU
L Class14,000 TEU
Source: Journal of Commerce August 2006, Marine Log December 2006, TranSystems 2007
“M/S Emma Maersk” christened Aug 2006
Capacity could be as high as 14,000 TEUs
LOA of 397 m Beam of 56 m Draft 15.5 m 170,974 gt Speed 25.5
knots
PacificCoast
4.53.8
14.0
AtlanticCoast
7.4
5.1
17.7
Depth-Constrained Containership Calls in 2020, with and without Planned Harbor Projects
(in thousands of ship calls)
Gulf Coast
1.1 1.62.5
Construction /Design Funds
Study Funds
Under Construction/Study for AdditionalImprovements
Authorized – FundsPending
As of 2009:
Meeting the Challenge: Key Harbor Improvement Projects Funded in 09
Houston/ Galveston
Mobile
New York/NJ
Los Angeles Main Channel
Oakland 50-ft
Boston
Port Everglades
Indiana Hbr
Sault Ste Marie(Soo Locks)
(multiple projects)
Wilmington
Savannah (2 projects)
Great LakesSystem Study
Corpus Christi(Main Chnl & LaQuinta Chnl)
Delaware River
Texas City
SF Bay to Stockton
Columbia R
James River
St. Paul Hbr MaalaeaFreeport
Iberia
Anchorage
Unalaska
Searsport
33 harbor improvements in ’09 appropriation/ARRA
$468 million federal Long-term investment of
over $5.6 billion
Yakutat
Brazos Island Hbr
Sabine-Neches
Portsmouth
Elizabeth R
MiamiHomer
Construction /Design Funds
Study Funds
Under Construction/Study for AdditionalImprovements
Authorized – FundsPending
Sacramento
Jacksonville
Norfolk Harbor
Sitka
Tampa
Burlington
Valdez
Seward
Barbers Pt
Hilo
Redwood City Poplar Is. (Balt)
Long Beach
Canaveral
Bucks Hbr
Bass Hb
Akutan
Principal US Harbor ImprovementsFunded in 2009*
* Includes 2-year ARRA funding.
SELECTED PROJECTS STATE FY 2009FEDERAL
COSTSNON-FEDERAL
COSTTOTAL COST
PERCENT COMPLETE
DEPTH FEET
DEPTH METERS
MOBILE HARBOR AL 29,770 244,126 284,874 529,000 15% 55 16.8
LOS ANGELES HARBOR CA 885 58,100 135,900 194,000 80% 53 16.2
OAKLAND HARBOR CA 32,892 224,798 183,288 408,086 100% 50 15.2
JACKSONVILLE HARBOR FL 18,149 21,200 36,100 57,300 100% 40 12.2
PORT EVERGLADES HARBOR FL 1,435 76,298 41,083 117,381 92% 36 11.0
INDIANA HARBOR CDF IN 8,390 63,000 60,000 123,000 21% 27 8.2
GULFPORT HARBOR MS 21,000 28,715 17,981 46,696 100% 38 11.6
NEW YORK & NEW JERSEY HARBOR NY 90,000 1,165,437 1,314,698 2,480,135 70% 50 15.2
WILMINGTON HARBOR NC 2,075 276,300 190,700 467,000 76% 42 12.8
COLUMBIA RIVER CHNL IMPROV OR 34,451 110,024 60,784 170,808 100% 43 13.1
HOUSTON-GALVESTON CHANNELS TX 108,178 541,369 240,991 782,360 85% 45 13.7
TEXAS CITY CHANNEL TX 46,000 82,153 135,926 218,079 100% 52 15.8
OTHERS 74,723 N/A N/A N/A Varies Varies Varies
TOTAL 467,948 2,891,520 2,702,325 5,593,845
($USD in Thousands)
Major Port ImprovementEnvironmental Mitigation Initiatives
Environmental Sustainability Goals & Policies• Meet the needs of the present without compromising the quality
of life of future generations. • Maintain economic growth while producing an absolute
minimum of pollution, repairing environmental damages of the past, producing less waste, and extending opportunities to live in a pleasant and healthy environment.
• Meet human needs by maintaining a balance between development, social equality, ecology, and economics.
• Demand systematic considerations of environmental impact, energy use, natural resources, economy, and quality of life.
• Has optimal benefit only when addressed at the inception of a project, and throughout the entire life cycle of a project -- from concept to planning, to programming, design, construction, and ownership.
Elizabeth Port AuthorityMarine Terminal
KillVan KullChannelArthur Kill
Channel
NewarkBay
UpperNew York
Bay
New York & New Jersey 50-Ft (15.2m) Harbor Deepening Project by Increment
Authorized WRDA 2000 50-foot (15.2m) channels to four
container terminals (5.3m TEUs in 07) 53-foot (16.2m) Ambrose (entrance)
Channel Kill Van Kull Channel – 50 ft Parts of Newark Bay Channels - 50 ft Arthur Kill Channel – 50 ft Port Jersey Channel and the Bay
Ridge Channel - ft Estimated Cost: $1.6 billion About 70% complete
Major Port ImprovementEnvironmental Mitigation Initiatives
New York & New Jersey Harbor:• Reestablish attributes of a natural, functioning, and self-
regulating ecosystem;• Comprehensively restore the New York and New Jersey
Harbor to become a world-class harbor estuary; • Improve sediment quality, water quality and enhance
habitat within the Harbor Estuary;• Preserve and restore wetlands and
rivers, protecting public drinking water, create habitats for endangered wildlife, and cleanup hazardous material from residential communities.
Houston-Galveston
45-foot (13.7m)Deepening Project
Entrance Channel and Houston Ship Channel sections completed in 05 (53 miles/86km)
Construction of “Barge Lanes”
Numerous beneficial use sites
Galveston Channel being completed (ARRA)
$782 million ($541 federal / $241 local)
Over 200 million tons of cargo annually (1.8m TEUs in 07)
GalvestonChannel Reach
EntranceChannel Reach
Bay Reach: Houston Ship
Channel
Bayou Reach
Bird I.BolivarMarsh
Berm
Mid-BayMarsh
AlexanderIsland
Lost L.
Major Port ImprovementEnvironmental Mitigation Initiatives
Houston-Galveston Navigation Improvement Project Included Many Environmental Initiatives:• 118 acres of oyster reef in mid-Galveston Bay near
the Houston Ship Channel; • Other shallow water habitat areas created for birds,
fish and other species• Dredged material used to create an island for bird
habitat which quickly attracted users; • Levees were built to create confined
dredge material disposal areas that will eventually be marsh grass;
• A portion of eroded Red Fish Island is being reconstructed.
Oakland 50-Ft (15.2m) Deepening
Handled 2.4 m TEUs in 2007 5th largest container handling port
in U.S. (just passed by Savannah) 50-ft (15.2m) Deepening Underway Auth WRDA 99 13 mcy dredge material removal, including:
• 7 mcy for shallow draft habitat• 2.6 mcy for tidal wetlands restoration
Total Cost: $408 million ($225m Federal) Will be 100% complete with FY09-10 ARRA funds About $700 million in port facility expansions
underway associated with channel deepening
Deepen & WidenInner Harbor
Turning Basin (2)
DeepenInner HarborChannel (2)
Deepen Entrance& Outer Harbor
Channel
ConstructMiddle Harbor
Complete Outer HarborDeepening & Turning Basin
DikeConstruction
DeepenInner HarborChannel (1)
OAKLAND HARBORDEEPENINGTO 50 FEET (15.2M)
Complete Underway in 09 FY09-10 ARRA
TurningBasin (1)
Major Port ImprovementEnvironmental Mitigation Initiatives
Oakland Harbor 45 and 50-foot Channels:• Sonoma Baylands: This completed project restored tidal salt
marsh habitat on a 348‑acre-diked hayfield on the north shore of San Pablo Bay utilizing 1.7 million cubic yards of dredge material from Oakland Harbor. After the dredge material was consolidated, tidal action was reintroduced.
• Montezuma Wetlands: Dredged material is being used for restoration and habitat creation at this upland site.
• Hamilton Army Airfield: The project site is located on San Pablo Bay and includes 988 acres of a former military airfield and an adjacent site. The levee-protected site has subsided below the elevation of surrounding properties, including the tidal wetlands immediately adjacent to the Bay. This wetlands restoration project provides beneficial reuse of dredge material from Oakland and San Francisco Bay. The California State Coastal Conservancy is the non- Federal sponsor.
Uncertainties Impact Harbor Investment Decisions
Future trade growth rate Future vessel fleet – and where
will they call? Panama Canal expansion –
implications for vessel routings Use of Transhipment Hubs –
Bahamas? Caribbean? Stimulus funds accelerate some
projects, but then funding uncertain Future funding levels may be
constrained by growing federal deficit
Development of transhipment ports in the Caribbean and Bahamas may affect size and number of vessels calling US East and Gulf coasts
Canal traffic nearly 60% containerized cargo
Forecast to grow from 3.2m TEUs in 2007 to 7.4m TEUs in 2015
New locks 1400’ x 180’ x 60’ Designed to accommodate 12,600
TEU vessel with max draft of 50’ How will this change fleet calling
US ports?
Canal traffic nearly 60% containerized cargo
Forecast to grow from 3.2m TEUs in 2007 to 7.4m TEUs in 2015
New locks 1400’ x 180’ x 60’ Designed to accommodate 12,600
TEU vessel with max draft of 50’ How will this change fleet calling
US ports?
A Way ForwardA Way Forward
Reliable funding stream to complete ongoing projects and ensure completion of associated environmental mitigation and restoration actions;
Work with various government agencies, NGOs and stakeholders toward consensus on how to move forward on critical improvements;
Streamline study, design and authorization process; Improve analytical tools to better assess future trade routes
and vessel fleets; and Work with state and local port authorities to move quickly
to add cargo handling facilities and improve intermodal connections in an environmentally sustainable manner.
Reliable funding stream to complete ongoing projects and ensure completion of associated environmental mitigation and restoration actions;
Work with various government agencies, NGOs and stakeholders toward consensus on how to move forward on critical improvements;
Streamline study, design and authorization process; Improve analytical tools to better assess future trade routes
and vessel fleets; and Work with state and local port authorities to move quickly
to add cargo handling facilities and improve intermodal connections in an environmentally sustainable manner.
top related