private pilot ground school lesson 4 · type – c172, pa28, a320, b777, etc. certificates and...
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Private Pilot Ground School
RegulationsLessons 23 - 24
© Rainier Flight Service, LLC 2012
Part 1 – Definitions and AbbreviationsPart 43 – MaintenancePart 61 – Certification: Pilots and InstructorsPart 91 – General Operating and Flight RulesNTSB 830 – Accident Notification and Reporting
Code of Federal Regulations
GL23 – 14 CFR Part 61
Easter Egg Hunt! Find the following definitions
Night V-Speeds
Vy Vx Va Vs1 Vref
Preventative Maintenance PIC Calibrated Airspeed
Part 1
GL23 – 14 CFR Part 61
Look up Preventative Maintenance Can you change a tire? How about an oil filter? Can you replace seat belts?
Part 43
GL23 – 14 CFR Part 61
Pertaining to Pilot Certification What documents are you required to have with you as a soloing student
pilot? How about for a private pilot?
Find the duration of Medical Certificates
When is a flight review required?
What recent flight experience must you have to act as PIC?
What is the regulation number for a change of address?
What are the privileges and limitations for a private pilot? Can you carry passengers? How much money can you accept from passengers for the cost of the aircraft?
Part 61
GL23 – 14 CFR Part 61
Category – Airplane, Rotorcraft, Glider, Lighter-than-Air, etc.
Class – Single-Engine, Multi-Engine, Land, Water, Helicopter, Balloon, etc.
Type – C172, PA28, A320, B777, etc.
Certificates and Ratings
GL23 – 14 CFR Part 61
High PerformanceMust have a high performance endorsement to act
as PIC in an aircraft with over 200 horsepower.
ComplexMust have a complex endorsement to act as PIC in
an aircraft with constant-speed prop, retractable gear and flaps.
TailwheelMust have a tailwheel endorsement to act as PIC
in an aircraft with conventional landing gear.
Endorsements
GL23 – 14 CFR Part 61
Private pilot must have 100 hours in category and class –or – 200 hours total.
Within preceding 12 months made at least 3 actual or simulated glider tows – or – 3 flights as PIC of a towed glider.
Glider Towing
GL23 – 14 CFR Part 61
Part 91 and 830
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
The PIC is directly responsible for and is the final authority as to the operation of that aircraft.
The PIC may deviate from the operating rules to the extent necessary to handle an emergency.
Pilot in Command
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
Prior to every flight, the PIC must become familiar with ALL available information concerning that flight, including:
Runway Lengths Takeoff and Landing Distance
If the flight will not be in the vicinity of the departure airport, you must also check the following:
Weather Reports and Forecasts Fuel Requirements (30 min day, 45 min night) Alternate plans if flight cannot be completed
Preflight Responsibilities
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
No person may operate an aircraft in formation flight except by arrangement with the PIC of each aircraft. Must not when carrying passengers for hire.
No PIC may allow objects to be dropped that creates a potential hazard to persons or property on the ground.
Formation Flying / Dropping Objects
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
8 hours bottle to throttle
Under the influence (.04 or greater)
Any drug that affects his/her faculties(including over the counter)
Alcohol and Drugs
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
Crewmembers must have seatbelts fastened entire flight. Shoulder harness required for takeoff and landing.
Passengers must have seatbelts fastened during takeoff and landing.
Seat Belts
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
Speed Limits
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
PIC must comply with ATC instructions unless necessary for safety reason.
Notify ATC as soon as possible following deviation.
Report must be submitted within 48 hours if requested by ATC
ATC Clearances
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
Must be onboard aircraft for flight.
Effective as long as the aircraft is airworthy (applicable maintenance is performed)
Airworthiness Certificate
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
Must be onboard aircraft for flight.
Expires with change of ownership or every three years.
Airplane Registration
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
Airplane Flight ManualApproved Manual MaterialMarkingsPlacards
Airplane Limitations
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
Weight & Balance
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
Transmits on 121.5 and 243.0 MHz
Batteries must be replaced after 1 hour cumulative use or 50% battery life, which ever comes first.
Emergency Locator Transmitter
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
Prohibited: Over congested area Assembly of people Within lateral boundaries of
class B, C or D airspace Within 4 miles of airway Below 1,500’ AGL Visibility less than 3 miles
Aerobatic Flight
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
Pilot must not exceed 60° of bank or 30° pitch unless each occupant is wearing an approved parachute.
Does not apply to spin training.
If parachute is chair type, it must be certified within preceding 120 days.
Parachutes
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
Cannot operate restricted, limited or experimental aircraft for hire.
Cannot operate restricted aircraft: Over densely populated area In a congested airway Near a busy commercial airport
Restricted, Experimental, etc.
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
Preventative Maintenance Owner/Operator may
perform preventative maintenance as defined in Part 43, Appendix A.
Entry must be made in aircraft maintenance log.
Annual Inspection Required every 12
calendar months by licensed mechanic.
May be in lieu of 100-hour
Maintenance & Inspections
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
100-hour Inspection Required for flight
instruction or for hire. May not be in lieu of
Annual
ELT Must be inspected every
12 calendar months
Transponder Must be inspected every
24 calendar months
Pitot-Static Must be inspected every
24 calendar months
Maintenance & Inspections
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
Airworthiness Directives Issued by the FAA to identify
unsafe aircraft conditions and prescribe regulatory actions.
For example, a certain propeller type may require inspection at non-standard intervals.
Service Bulletin Issued by the aircraft
manufacturer to inform the aviation community of non-regulatory material of interest.
For example, a service bulletin may be issued to provide updated research data on metal fatigue.
Ads and Service Bulletins
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
Accident – Substantial aircraft damage, death or serious injury.
Substantial Damage – Damage or failure which adversely affects the structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics of the aircraft. See Exceptions 830.2
Serious Injury – Requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours within 7 days of accident, or injury includes…
Incident – An occurrence other than an accident.
NTSB 830
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
Must immediately report:
1. Aircraft accident2. Crewmember injury or illness.3. Inflight fire4. Overdue aircraft5. Flight control malfunction
Reporting Requirements
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
In addition to immediate notification, the pilot or operator must also file written report:
Within 10 days of accident Within 7 days of aircraft missing Upon request for incident
Reporting Requirements
GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830
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