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PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE
SPIEDigitalLibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie
NASA's optical communicationsprogram for 2015 and beyond
Cornwell, Donald
Donald M. Cornwell Jr., "NASA's optical communications program for 2015and beyond," Proc. SPIE 9354, Free-Space Laser Communication andAtmospheric Propagation XXVII, 93540E (16 March 2015); doi:10.1117/12.2087132
Event: SPIE LASE, 2015, San Francisco, California, United States
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NASA’s Spawide-rangingsuccess of NEnvironmentlaser commuexisting com
Keywords: F
Today’s radiespecially thpromise of bthose of RF ashorter waveconcentrated
NASA’s histdownlink ratfrom the Mocommunicati120W, respeextremely attexpanding th
Figure 1.
LLCD also dthe Moon, acentimeter-clbodies.
The real breessentially-fl
SA's Opti
hnology DivHeadq
ace Communicg optical commNASA’s Lunat Explorer (LAunications miss
mmunications n
Free-space lase
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hose from beyobreaking througand thus allowelength of an
d communicatio
toric LLCD mtes of up 622 Moon than our bion system, sinectively). Suchtractive to NAS
he volume of da
NASA’s first hi
demonstrated aan extremely alass precision
eakthrough of lawless operati
ical Com
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cations and Namunications prar Laser ComADEE) spacecrsions, key sceetworks.
er communicat
NASA’S HISRF) communicond geostationgh this bottleneing many moreoptical system
ons power at th
mission (depictMbps from 400
best Ka-band nce LLCD usedh improvementSA’s future plaata collected an
istoric, dedicated
a 20 Mbps uplttractive capabranging to the
the LLCD demions that allow
mmunicatDonald
e Communic0 E Street So
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avigation (SCarogram for futu
mmunication Draft orbiting thnarios and det
tions, optical co
STORIC LLcations are the bnary Earth orbeck by using lae bits of inform
m allows for ahe receiver and
ted in Figure 1,000 km in lunradio. LLCD
d only half the ts in the returanetary missiond devoting mo
d laser communi
ink (which wability for future spacecraft, w
monstration, hwed the system
tions Prod M. Cornwecations and Nouthwest, Wa
BSTRACT
aN) Program ure planetary a
Demonstration he Moon in 20tails, and the p
ommunication
LCD MISSIbottleneck for it (GEO). Freeaser transmitte
mation to be ima narrower trand lower transmi
1) demonstratenar orbit [1]. ThD also demons
mass (30.7 kgrned data voluns as they planore resources t
ications demons
as used to loopre human explwhich can be
however, was tto be used to r
ogram forell*a
Navigation (ashington, D
at NASA Heaand near-Earth(LLCD) from
013. This invitplans to infuse
s, high data-rat
ION AND ITreturning more-space optica
ers at frequencimparted to the bnsmitted beamit power to and
ed the potentiahis is almost anstrated that opg) and 25% lessume and the sn to greatly incto the onboard
tration: the LLC
p back error-freloration missioused to impro
the spectaculareturn real, hig
r 2015 an
(SCaN) ProgDC USA 205
adquarters is ph missions foll
m the Lunar Ated paper will e this new tec
te, deep space,
TS IMPACe science data
al communicatiies that are 10beam. Similarl
m divergence td from smaller,
al of this newn order of mag
ptical could des power (90W)size, weight ancrease the total instruments.
CD Mission on L
ee high-definitons) and also pove the gravity
r success fromgh-value scienc
nd Beyon
gram, NASA546
pursuing a vibrlowing the speAtmosphere an
discuss NASAchnology into N
near-Earth
T from NASA mion (FSOC) of,000 times higy, the commenhat translates , lighter apertur
w technology wgnitude higher eliver a more ) than LRO (6nd power (SWscience return
LADEE in 2013.
tion video to aprovided simuy models of p
m the standpoice data from L
nd
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rant and ectacular nd Dust A’s new NASA’s
missions, ffers the
gher than nsurately to more res.
with data data rate efficient 1 kg and
WaP) are n by both
and from ultaneous planetary
int of its ADEE’s
Plenary Paper
Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVII, edited by Hamid Hemmati, Don M. Boroson Proc. of SPIE Vol. 9354, 93540E · © 2015 SPIE · CCC code: 0277-786X/15/$18 · doi: 10.1117/12.2087132
Proc. of SPIE Vol. 9354 93540E-1Downloaded From: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie on 21 Jun 2020Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-use
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Figure 2. oppositio
that were invoth designed, d near-instantaeams on every
demonstratinghe Sun, and alsnal also demonsminals, which w
pace Agency 013, after whi
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agement in both(SMD) understo those of NAions (lasercomor NASA’s net
ASA’S NEX
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estigating the built and opeaneous acquis
y pass while dg significant sso while LADEstrated regular were provided(ESA) in Tenich the space rch 2014 and e
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ASA’s venerabmm) as a viable
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environment erated by the sition followeddelivering errorsystem marginEE and the Molink “handove
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LASER COPLANETA
cal Communicatiswas, NASA JP
of the Moon.Massachusett
d by closed-lor-free data undn), during dayoon were less ers” in less thaJet PropulsionLLCD operatplaced in “colimpact of the L
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OMMUNICARY EXPLO
ions (DSOC) PrPL).
. The LLCD ss Institute of oop tracking der a range of
ylight while ththan 5 degree
an 2 minutes ben Lab (JPL) ations continueld storage”. LLADEE spacec
Mission Directoerational perfo
Network (DSN)o RF rather th
CATIONS FORATION
roject, providing
space terminaTechnology’s
of the 15 mif conditions, i
he LADEE spas above the hoetween the primat Table Mound from mid-O
LLCD was revicraft on the Mo
orate (HEOMDormance and ). LLCD had mhan always bei
FOR DEEP
up to 250 Mbps
l and primarys Lincoln Labicroradian uplincluding throuacecraft was w
orizon [2]. Thmary and two antain, CA and
October 2013 ived without ioon in April 20
D) and Science capabilities th
made the case ing the “techno
SPACE AN
s from Mars at
y ground boratory) link and ugh thin within 3
he LLCD alternate d by the to mid-
issue for 014.
Mission hat were for laser ology of
ND
Proc. of SPIE Vol. 9354 93540E-2Downloaded From: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie on 21 Jun 2020Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-use
3ticalN
T
173
mm
ars 2020 R(
rminal
LLCD’s histoJPL [3]. SpecHEOMD SCReadiness Leupcoming Di
As shown inover 250 Mbmass and usithat is 1000xdetector arrainertially-stabreceiver aperalthough curMars at oppoon the Mars Mars science
Figure 3. Propof Dr. Joseph K
The SCaN Pterminal on tMars orbiter Earth” (DTEband RF DTElow-Earth-or
orical success cifically, NAS
CaN Program tevel (TRL) 6 biscovery 2020
n Figure 2, DSObps from Mars ing 76 W of p
x further away y on the spacebilized beam prtures on the rrent plans are osition. Note th
Reconnaissane community h
posed optical comKovalik, NASA
Program has athe Mars 2020 at up to 20 M
E) link from theE link. This syrbit (LEO)-to g
has given newA’s Space Tec
to take the re-nby the end of Fmission.
OC is designedat opposition ower. DSOC, (with 60 dB m
ecraft to see thpointing and laground than Lto use the 5 m
hat the highestnce Orbiter (Mas received to
mmunications teA JPL).
also supported rover as shown
Mbps (which of e Martian surfaystem will be bground applicat
w impetus to NAchnology Missnamed Deep SFY17 so that it
d to work from(0.42 AU, or 6however, will
more link loss), hat uplink beamarger point-aheLLCD—develometer Hale telet RF data rate d
MRO), so DSOCdate.
rminal on the M
a recent NASn in Figure 3. T
f course requireace at up to 20ased on a smaltions for near-E
ASA’s prior Dsion DirectorateSpace Optical t can be flown
m near-Earth a63 Mkm) as illhave additiona kilowatt-clas
m, and a requiread angles for topment of a 1escope on Modemonstrated fC represents a
Mars 2020 rover f
SA JPL study This terminal ces such a termi0 kbps, which ll (5 cm) transmEarth lasercom
eep-space Opte (STMD) andCommunicatio
n as governmen
steroids on oulustrated in Fig
nal challenges css uplink beamrement for an othe downlink b
12 meter telescount Palomar tofrom Mars is 6an order-of-ma
for both relay an
to place a vecould communinal) or, intereis an order of
mit aperture anmm as well.
tical Terminal (d SMD have noons (DSOC) tent-furnished eq
ut to Jupiter angure 2, all whicompared to L
m from the grouorder-of-magnbeam. DSOC wcope is curreno deliver more
6 Mbps from thagnitude impro
nd DTE laser link
ery small (~ 6 icate to an optistingly, it coulmagnitude bet
nd may find add
(DOT) effort aow teamed up erminal to Tecquipment (GFE
d could delivele consuming
LLCD, includinund, a photon-citude improvemwill also requirntly under stude than 100 Mbhe Ka-band traovement over w
ks (figure courte
kg, 50W) lasical relay termild provide a “dtter than the cuditional applic
at NASA with the
chnology E) on the
er data at 28 kg of ng a link counting ment for re larger dy [4]—bps from ansmitter what the
esy
sercomm inal on a
direct-to-urrent X-ations in
Proc. of SPIE Vol. 9354 93540E-3Downloaded From: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie on 21 Jun 2020Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-use
G Ka-k
twweight l
and &
eshie5Ocrn
Figure 4. RF and 1(Figure c
Finally, NASRadio and Omesh antennalaser commuexplorers if t
3. NA
NASA’s debLasercomm developed anthat even theOPALS was primarily cominstalled adapserved as oncommunicati
NASA is alsground throuCommunicata space termLLCD. The specifically dto generate athis wavelenamplify the receiver. LCprocessing angeostationary
The LLCD gwith adaptiveinto single-mthe receiver. space termin2.88 Gbps) a
The integrated R550 nm optical courtesy of Dr. D
SA’s Glenn ReOptical Commua with a 30 cm
unications. Thisthe SWaP of th
ASA’S NEX
but mission forScience (OPAnd delivered ase mission projeable to complmmercial off-tptive optics onne of the LLCions downlinks
so developing lugh satellites tions Relay De
minal that usesgimbaled 10.7derived from tha 1.244 Gbps (ungth allows fosignals, both f
CRD will fly tnd also serve ay orbit (GEO) c
ground stationse optics for use
mode optical fibFull user-rate als on the LCR
and a channel in
Radio and Opticcommunications
Daniel Raible, NA
esearch Center unication (iRO
m optical telescos research effo
he hybrid system
XT STEPS: L
r a low-Earth-oALS), which wa
s part of an eaect managemeete many opticthe-shelf (COTn the NASA JPCD ground stas that exceed 1
laser communiin the near-E
emonstration (Ls two of the th7 cm diameter he space-qualifuser rate) diffe
or commerciallfor high-powertwo space teras an interfacecurrently being
s at White Sane on LCRD. Thbers, which is (1.244 Gbps)
RD payload in nterleaver are u
cal Communicatis within the sameASA GRC).
(GRC) is inveOC, depicted inope, while sha
ort is currently m can stay wit
LASER COENV
orbit (LEO) Das installed onarly career traient was requirecal-based data TS) componenPL 1 m telescoations). NASA0 gigabits per
ications technoEarth environLCRD) [7], whhree componenoptical telesco
fied LLCD deserential phase sly available err transmissionminals connec
e to the host spg built by Spac
nds, New Mexhis upgrade wirequired since
duplex commuGEO. A ½ ratused to deal wi
ions (iROC) terme size, weight, a
estigating a hybn Figure 4), w
aring an integralow TRL (2 to
thin the SWaP
OMMUNICAVIRONME
TE laser commn the Internatioining program ed to be withindownlinks at d
nts, and will soope on Table M is considerinsecond.
ology for relaynment. NASAhich is being bnt modules deope and pointisign. Howevershift-keying (Drbium-doped f
n (0.5 W averacted via a higpacecraft, whicce Systems Lor
xico and on Taill allow for coue demodulationunications wille error correctiith signal drop
minal, a technoloand power (SWaP
brid RF-opticalwhich will incoated software-do 3) but posesof today’s RF
ATIONS FOENT
munications exonal Space Stafor new empl
n three years odata rates up tooon be used a
Mountain in Cag other LEO
ying terabits of’s next majoruilt by NASA
erived from Ming, acquisitionr, LCRD will uDPSK) modulafiber amplifierage power) andgh-speed electrch is a commeral of Mountain
able Mountain upling of the dn of the DPSKl be supported ing code (on thouts due to dee
ogy investigationP) of today’s cur
l system [5], korporate a boddefined modem intriguing posdeep space ter
OR THE NE
xperiment is thation (ISS) in 2oyees at NASAof starting theio 50 Mbps, basas an orbiting alifornia (whichDTE missions
f data per day r technology ’s Goddard Sp
MIT Lincoln Lan, and trackinguse a new, mulated beam at 15r (EDFA) techd low-noise prronic switch t
ercial telecommn View, CA.
in California downlinked LCK signal require
between each he uncoded DPep atmospheric
n to merge Ka-brrent RF system
known as the indy-pointed 3 mm for both Ka-bssibilities for prminals.
EAR-EART
he Optical PAy2014 [6]. OPAA’s JPL, whicir professional sed on a paylotest source forh had also succs to demonstra
between pointmission is th
pace Flight Cenaboratory’s deg (PAT) contrlti-rate modem 550 nm. The chnology to be re-amplificatiothat will provmunications sa
will both be uCRD signals froes spatial coheground station
PSK modulatioc fades.
band s.
ntegrated meter RF band and planetary
TH
yload for ALS was ch meant
careers. ad using r newly-cessfully ate laser
ts on the he Laser nter with esign for oller are
m (MRM) choice of
used to on in the vide data atellite in
upgraded om GEO erence at n and the on rate of
Proc. of SPIE Vol. 9354 93540E-4Downloaded From: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie on 21 Jun 2020Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-use
LC
. (21
RD in GEO
)18)
tr.
1.25 GbpDown lin
From ISS
Finally, LCfundamental systems. Thsite and usincloudy whileto serve NAS
Currently, LCthe LCRD-drelay from Lanalog to ourto our next instruments.
Finally, NASperforming sWe are currcommunicati
[1] BorosonCornwel89710S,
RD is fundedgoal of build
his includes lonng that data, foe the other is cSA’s communi
Figure 5. The L
CRD is plannederived Low-EaLEO through thr current RF-bageneration of
SA is committestudies to buildrently evaluatinions on NASA
n, D. M., Robill, D. M., "Ove International S
d as a two-yeading long-termng-term measuor example, tolear). Such e
ications needs i
LCRD and ISS L
ed to relay dataarth Orbit Terhe LCRD termased Tracking Earth-orbiting
ed to building ad additional stang many sites
A’s deep space a
inson, B. S., Merview and resSociety for Op
ar demonstratim, multi-year ourements and m plan for fast xperience willin the near futu
LEO-T Missions
a between tworminal (LEO-Tminals in GEOand Data Rela
g scientific sat
a network of oations in additis around the wand near-Earth
REF
Murphy, D. Vsults of the Lunptics and Photo
ion (versus theoperational expmonitoring of ahandovers bet
l be key for furure.
for demonstrati
ground terminT) on the InterO and then to tay System (TDRtellites to dow
ptical ground sion to the two world to ident
h missions of th
FERENCES
V., Burianek, Dnar laser Comnics (2014).
e two month perience and uatmospheric antween the two rther demonstr
ing near-Earth hi
nals. Howeverrnational Spacthe ground (asRS). NASA ev
wnload ever m
stations to suppNASA station
tify the clearehe future.
D. A., Khatri,munication De
demonstrationunderstand of nd meteorologground station
rating the viabi
igh-bandwidth o
r, NASA has te Station (ISSs depicted in Fventually plans
more data from
port these missns (~ 1 m aperest skies possi
F., Kovalik, Jemonstration,"
n for LLCD) wlaser communical conditionsns (where oneility of this tec
optical relays.
tentative plans S) to fully demFigure 5) as ans to offer these
m new, high-re
sions. We are crtures) used forble to support
J. M., Sodnik,SPIE LASE,
with the nications s at each may be
chnology
to place monstrate n optical services
esolution
currently r LLCD. t optical
Z., and 89710S-
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[2] Murphy, D. V., Kansky, J. E., Grein, M. E., Schulein, R. T., Willis, M. M., and Lafon, R. E., "LLCD operations using the Lunar Lasercom Ground Terminal," SPIE LASE, 89710V-89710V, International Society for Optics and Photonics (2014).
[3] Hemmati, H., Farr, W. H., Biswas, A., Birnbaum, K. M., Roberts, W. T., Quirk, K., and Townes, S., "Deep-space optical terminals (DOT)," SPIE LASE, 79230C-79230C, International Society for Optics and Photonics (2011).
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[5] Raible, D., Robert R. Romanofsky, James M. Budinger, Jennifer M. Nappier, Alan G. Hylton, Aaron J. Swank, and Anthony L. Nerone. "On the Physical Realizability of Hybrid RF and Optical Communications Platforms for Deep Space Applications." In AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (2014).
[6] Oaida, Bogdan V., William Wu, Baris I. Erkmen, Abhijit Biswas, Kenneth S. Andrews, Michael Kokorowski, and Marcus Wilkerson. "Optical link design and validation testing of the Optical Payload for Lasercomm Science (OPALS) system." SPIE LASE, pp. 89710U-89710U. International Society for Optics and Photonics (2014).
[7] Edwards, B. L., Israel, D., Wilson, K., Moores, J., and Fletcher, A., "Overview of the laser communications relay demonstration project," Proceedings of SpaceOps, 11-15 (2012).
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