proceedings of the xiii imeko world congress
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE XIII
IMEKO WORLD CONGRESS
TORINO SEPTEMBER 5-9, 1994
FROM MEASUREMENT TO INNOVATION
VOLUME 1
L
CONTENTS
Invited Papers
Metrology, its role in today's world 3 T.J. QUINN
Measurement, information, knowledge-fundamental concepts, philosophical implications, applications 11 L. FDMKELSTEIN
TC1 - HIGHER EDUCATION TC 1.1: Nature and scope of measurements.
Education for measurement
Education in measurement and instrumentation for mechanical and process engineers from application point of view 23 R. TALEBI-DARYANI
System approach to electrical measurement teaching ....29 W. WINIECKI and K. ADAMOWICZ
The teaching of applications of microcontrollers in instrumentation 34 P. KOCOUREK and J. FISCHER
A teaching laboratory on automatic test Systems 38 E. BASIUCO, R. MICEU, S. MILLEMACI, S. NUCCIO, G. Ricco GALLUZZO
and M. TRAPANESE
TC 1.2: Methods of teaching
Optimisation criteria in measurement. Education aspects 47 E.G. WOSCHNI
iv
Selected problems concerning changes in the education of metrological staff in the work of the education commission 52 D . TURZENIECKA
Qn the training of measurement engineers in the design of small real-time embedded microprocessor Systems 55 J.H. MILNER
Electronics, metaphors and multimedia. An innovative tutoring environment , 58 E. KAYAFAS, I. TSATSAKIS, V. LOUMOS and E. CAMBOURAKIS
TC 1.3: Examples of practical Solutions
Electronic measurement Systems. A modern didactic approach 65 J. MROCZKA, A. MUCIEK and R. RYMASZEWSKI
Measurement methodology versus pedagogical problems of Engineering 68 G.H.M. BERHANU
Scientific expertise retrieval 78 O. AUMALA and P. MÄKINEN
Impact of Tempus Programme on the high level teaching of metrology and measurement Systems in Romania 82 C. ILIESCU, B. PANTEUMON and A. MILLEA
TC 2 - PHOTONICS TC 2.1: Application of photon detectors for radiometry
and photometry
Photonic measurement at the dawn of the twenty first Century 89 J. SCHANDA
Germanium avalanche photodiodes for the detection of Single photons in the near infrared 95 A. LACAITA and F. ZAPPA
Detector electronics for picosecond photon timing measurements S. COVA, M. GHIONI and C. SAMORI
101
V
Photodetector linearity measurement over a wide dynamic ränge 107 P. LECOLUNET and J. BASTIE
Realisation of a Standard monochromatic radiance source using alaser diode 113 J.M. DESBANCS and J. BASTIE
Straylight compensation in luminous flux measurement 119 G. Rossi and P. SOARDO
Measurement of fhe optical absorption coef ficient of amorphous semiconductor thin films by photothermal techniques 124 G. AMATO, G. BENEDETTO, L. BOARINO, R. GAVIOSO and R. SPAGNOLO
Automatic spectrogonioradiometer 130
E. FALLET and M.R. BERNAZZANI
TC 2.2: Optoelectronics and optical communication
Optical amplifiers measurements 139 P. Di VITA, A. CAVACIUTI and B. SORDO
Measurements for optical connectors characterization 145 F. CAVIGUA, D. SUINO and F. NANNI
Fiber-optic sensors with cut fibers and their characteristics 151 P. SKOK and J. SEMAN
TC 3 - MEASUREMENT OF FORCE AND MASS TC 3.1: New reaserch topics and high accuracy
achievements in force measurements
Development of 1 MN lever force Standard machine combined with 100 kN deadweight machine and 10 tbalance 161 X.M. Li, Q.Z. Li, C. FERRERO and B.R. ZHAO
Development of 20 MN hydraulic force Standard machine using new type of loading ram-cylinder System 166 C.Y. SHI, Z.P. CAI, Z.M. Li, H. ZHOU, B.Z. Yi and J. SHEN
Design of 30 MN build-up force transducer and its application DJ. KANG, H.K. SONG and J.T. LEE
172
VI
The influence of disturbing components on the torque measurement, demonstrated by the example of transducer asymmetries 178 D. RÖSKE
The new 1 MN dead-weight force Standard machine: description of the installation procedure followed at the Istituto di Metrologia "G. Colonnetti" 183 G. BARBATO, A. BRAY, F. FRANCESCHINI, R. LEVI and F. TREVISSOI
Technical metrological and working features of force Standard machines for primary and secondary use 189 L. GALDABINI
A 1 kN deadweight force Standard machine exhibiting inexpensive mechanical design 195 A. HUNSCHE
Intercomparison results of force Standards ranging up to 20 MN between Japan and China 199 T. Tojo, H. MAEJIMA, K. UCHQCAWA, C.Y. SHI, Z.M. LI, B.H. Yi and H. ZHOU
The new 0,5 MN IMGC six-component dynamometer 205 C. FERRERO, C. MARINARI and E. MARTTNO
High-resolution and high-sensitivity force measurements using the intracavity photoelastic effect 211 W. HOLZAPFEL and M. FINNEMAN
Determination of the f riction of aerostatic radial bearings for the lever-mass System of torque Standard machines 216 D. PESCHEL and D. MAUERSBERGER
TC 3.2: Calibration methods, quality control and application in force
After-effects in load cells 223 K. BETHE
A proving-ring load cell based on a DETF mechanical resonator 229 A. CHESHMEHDOOST and B.E. JONES
Expert System for testing mechanical properties of Aluminium and Aluminium alloys 234 I. EMRI and D. KOVAÖC
Vll
New magnetoelastic force transducer 241 J. ZAKRZEWSKI
Studies on the factors affecting calibration characteristics of universal calibration machines 247 H.M. EL-HAKEEM, A.A. EL-SAYED and M.K. EL-DORRY
Advantages of traceability by using torque transfer Standard TTS 253
P.D. HOHMANN
TC 3.3: Dynamic force measurements
Error sources in dynamic force calibration 259 R. KUMME
Evaluation of force transducers dynamic characteristic by impact 265 K. UEDA and A. UMEDA
Piezoresistive thick-film sensors for force and Vibration measurements 271 D. CRESCINI, V. FERRARI, D. MARIOLI and A. TARONI
Measurement of slow dynamic effects axial loads to optimise the Operation of machines 277 M. RÜZICKA and J. KEZNICEK
Surface force detection using a force balancing method with an optical displacement sensor 283 H. KUCUTA, N. KATO and K. IWATA
Factors affecting the applied load during endurance testing of hip Joint femoral implants 289 R. HOWARD-HILDIGE, L.M. HARTNETT and B.G. CROSSAN
TC 3.4: Mass and density measurements
Reference liquids and solids for the dissemination of the unit of density 297 K.D. SOMMER, H. FEHLAUER and J. POZIEMSKI
Variations in the mass of Standard weights due to contact with water 303 M. PLASSA, E. ANGELINI, P. BIANCO, and A. TORINO
viii
Space-ship on board scale 309 C.Y. MAEDA, R.C. MASUO and T.S. BABA
The gas pre-treatment effects on the surface contamination by adsorption 315 Y.H. SHIN, S.K. LEE, K.J. LEE, S.S. HONG and K.H. CHUNG JHUNG
On density profile uncertainty determination during the entry phase of Huygens Probe in the Titan atmosphere 321 F. ANGRILU, R. D A FORNO and B. SAGGIN
TC 4 - MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES
TC 4.1: Electrical precision metrology TC 4.1.1: Resistance, impedance and admittance Standards
Research in support of calibration Services in DC voltage and resistance at the National Physical Laboratory, UK 331 L. HENDERSON, J.M. WILLIAMS, A. FIARTLAND, N.B. LXIPUY, D.R. SMITH,
C.H. PORTER and R.P. THOMPSON
Impedance comparison in the low-medium ränge through precision AC voltage measurements .335 F. CABIATI, G.C. BOSCO and A. Sosso
Monitoring resistance Standards by comparison with the quantized Hall resistance 340 G. BOELLA, G. MARULLO-REEDTZ, L. CORDIALI and M. TRUCCATO
A digital correction of errors for an admittance comparator 345 R. RYBSKI and J. KACZMAREK
The least Standard deviation as a checkout test method with applications to 2. 5«10"10 350 F. CASTELU
Superconducting thin film devices for electrical precision measurement 356 D. ANDREONE, L. BRUNETTI, V. LACQUANITI, S. MAGGI, E. MONTICONE,
M. PETRIZZELU and R. STENI
IX
TC 4.1.2: Voltage Standards and watt realisation
Establishing a 1-V Josephson junction array voltage Standard at IEN ..363 D. ANDREONE, A. GODONE and L. CANARELU
Measurements on a group of fourteen 10 V solid-state Standards 368 M.A. AMUDA and P.J. SPREADBURY
Study of a voltage-force transducer for absolute watt realisation 374 F. CABIATI, M. MOSCA, S. PETTORRUSO and A. Sosso
Software uncertainty reduction of a voltage Standard 380 J. DRNOVSEK, M. LINDIC, D. FEFER, A. JEGUC and J. BOJKOVSKI
IEN microwave power Standard realisation and dissemination 385 L. BRUNETTI and M. PETRIZZELLI
TC 4.2: Signal processing and noise measurements TC 4.2.1: Converters
Dynamic testing of high speed A / D Converters 393 G. CHIORBOU, G. FRANCO and C. MORANDI
Diagnosis of analog to digital Converters by means of Walsh transforms 398 P. ARPAIA, F. CENNAMO, P. DAPONTE and M. D'APUZZO
A new thermal RMS to frequency Converter 404 M. KAMPIK, T. SKUBIS
Dithered digital-to-analog Converters 409 P. CARBONE, C. NARDUZZI and D. PETRI
E)ynamic testing of A / D Converters 415
J. VEDRAL
TC 4.2.2: Signal processing for measurements
Estimation of periodic signal parameters based on data coUected during short Observation intervals 423 M. BERTOCCO, D. PETRI and F.E. ZANIN
X
Incorporation of the positivity constraint into a cepstral method of measurand reconstruction 429 A. KALINOWSKA, R.Z. MORAWSKI and T. LUBIANKA
Interference cancelling based on coherent signal processing 435
S.J. DADO
TC 4.2.3: Measuretnent applications
Original-domain Tikhonov regularisation and non-negativity constraint improve resolution of spectrometric analysis 441 L. SZCZECINSKI, R.Z. MORAWSKI and A. BARWICZ
Estimating the power spectrum of random signals in the presence of correlated impulsive noise 447 J. SAWICKI
Fiat top smoothing of periodograms for improvement of accuracy in estimating power spectra with Welch's method 451 F. ATIWISSIMO, M. SAVINO and A. TROTTA
Instantaneous spectrum analysis using time interval measurements 456
L. PARADOWSKI and A. PIENIEZNY
TC 4.2.4: Noise in electrical measurements
Analysis of disturbance suppression filters 465 H. JOKINEN
TC 4.3: Advances in electronic Instrumentation and measurement Systems
TC 4.3.1: Advances in electrical measurement methods
Industrial and metrological aspects of digital instrumentation 473 A. FIOK, F. CABIATI and M. SAVINO
Advances in critical current density measurements for high TC superconductors 484 S. COLOMBO, R. GERBALDO, G. GHIGO, E. MEZZETTI and B. MINETTI
High precision multifrequency binary testing 490 M.M. AL-MUHAISNI, J. MCGHEE, I.A. HENDERSON and T. ARBUCKLE
XI
Measurement of capacitance-voltage characteristics of GaAs/AlGaAs isotype in heterojunctions 496 A. CRUZ SERRA
Contactless frequency measurement and sampling reconstruction of electronic Signals with picosecond resolution 500 G. BREGUO, A. CUTOLO, L. ZENI, F. CORSI, D. DE VENUTO
AND G.V. PORTACQ
Hybrid A / D Converter 505
F. SEBESTA
TC 4.3.2: Electronic measurement Instruments
PC instruments based on multifunction plug-in cards 511 V. HAASZ, J. ROZTOCIL and P. STADLER
A System for traceability maintenance and verification based on high stability multimeters 517 G.C. Bosco, G. LA PAGUA, U. POGUANO and G. ZAGO
Design and characterisation of an SPWD-based Virtual instrument 523 G. ANDRIA and N. SABIA
Basic components of digital Instrumentation for industry by electromagnetic micro relays 529 F. CASTELU
Microwave system for measurements of materials properties 535 J. MODELSKI, K. DERZAKOWSKI and J. KRUPKA
The effect of the dispersive delay lines parameters on the SAW spectrum analyser accuracy 541 A. MILEWSKI, N. BASZUN, K. KEDRA and S. GAWOR
Integrated multichannel picoampere measuring system 545
V. KUNC, J. TRONTELJ and L. TRONTELJ
TC 4.3.3: Measurement for communication Systems
A digital instrument for instantaneous phase jitter measurements in communication Systems 553 L. BENETAZZO, M. BERTOCCO, C OFFELU and F.E. ZANIN
xii
An automated system for fast measurements of radio frequency disturbance 559 M. BORSERO, M. GIUNTA, M. MORSONE and E. NANO
Propagation measurements in wideband mobile Channels 565 F. GATTI and F. TALLONE
New trends in phase-shift measurement 571 P. KOCOUREK and Z. STMPKA
Systems for measuring radiocommunication equipment. Selected problems : 576 A.J. FIOK, J. CHICHOKI, J. KOLAKOWSKI, K. KWIECIEN and S. ZMUDIN
Improved group-delay and amplitude distortion measurements for telephone-type networks 582 M. BERTOCCO, D. LORENZIN, C. OFFELLI and D. PETRI
VXI based measurement stations: an approach to the characterization 588
P. ARPAIA, A. BACCIGALUH and A. PIETROSANTO
TC 4.3.4: Sensors and transducers
Low-cost accurate measurement system for impedance sensors 597 S. TEMMERMAN, A. BAREL and J. SCHOUKENS
High Resolution measurements of capacitive transducers using resonance detection technique 603 D. MARIOU, E. SARDINI, A. TARONI and B. YUE
Ultrasonic sensor enhancement by peak-limited driving signal optimisation 608 M. PARVIS
A new optical voltage detector for metal-clad switchboard 614 F. ANAGNI, S. LUPINI, U. MARCHETH, L. PODESTÄ and G. SACERDOTI
SAW devices as electronic sensors of nonelectric measurands 619 A. MILEWSKI, N. BASZUN and S. GAWOR
TC 4.3.5: Measurements on power Systems
Evaluation of power factor in short-circuit test plants O. BOTTAUSCIO, G. CROTTI and G. FARINA
627
xiii
A self-tuning Kaiman filter for power System measurement applications 633 A. BEGHI, P. CARBONE and F.E. ZANIN
On site calibration of impulse voltage measuring Systems 639 R. GOBBO and G. PESAVENTO
Improvement of instrumentation for frequency measurements of power engineering Systems under ship's conditions 645 J. MlNDYKOWSKI
A Computer aided system for automatic testing of instrument current transformer accuracy 650 S. SKUNDRIC, D. KOVACEVIC, F. SMAK, S. VUKOVOJAC and M. KOROUJA
Improved method of investigating asynchronous electrical motors 655 J.R. PRZYGODZKI and J. KIESNER
Smart trust and speed measurement device for linear induction motors testing 659 G. Bucci, A. GERMANO and C. LANDI
Measurement System for testing power transformers 665
M. BORSIC
TC 4.3.6: Electric power measurements
Test and Validation procedures for digital instruments for the measurement of electric power components 673 L. CRBTALDI, A. FERRERO and R. OTTOBONI
Power measurements in non-sinusoidal conditions: methodologies and applications 679 G. ANDRIA, G. CAVONE and M. SAVINO
Power measurement at Converter fed drives 685 CH. SPIELMANN
The plug-in board as intelligent instrument for the electrical network power quality measurement 691 E. BASIUCO, S. NUCCIO and M. SPECIALE
Measurement of unwanted powers in power quality management 697 R. SASDELU and A. MENCHETTI
XIV
TC 4.3.7: Impedance measurements
Effects of supply harmonics on measurement accuracy of power System loop impedance 705 R. ROSKOSZ
Monitoring the Sedimentation of a two particle-type dispersion by impedance spectroscopy 711 E.O. ETUKE, D.A. HALL, R.C. WATERFALL, M.S. BECK, R.A. WILLIAMS
AND T. DYAKOWSKI
DSP-based spectroscopic impedance analyser . 717 E.O. ETUKE, R.C. WATERFALL, F.J. DICKIN and M.S. BECK
Precision measurement of complex impedances by Computer controlled quadrature bridge 723 M.N. SURDU, I.V. TRETYAK, O.A. ORNATSKY and A.D. VASILENKO
Measuring circuit to obtain photovoltaic module current-voltage characteristic in three quadrants 727 A. ABETE, G.L. PEOLA and I. COMETTO
TC 4.4: Measurement of magnetic quantities
Calibration of power frequency electric and magnetic field meters 735 O. BOTTAUSCIO, G. CROTTI, S. D'EMIUO and G. FARINA
Measurement of low frequency noise using a sigma-delta-ADC/PC measurement system 741 M. SEDLACEK, P. RIPKAAND V. JANASEK
High accuracy of a new method of alternating magnetic fields measurement 746 S.G. TARANOV, J.F. KOROVTN and J.M. PANCHISIN
Dynamic digital hysteresisgraph 752 P. RIPKA, P. SMOUK, J. ROZTOCIL and P. KASPAR
TC 5 - HARDNESS MEASUREMENT TC 5.1: Equipment for hardness measurements
Metrological involvement in the definition and dissemination of hardness scales 761 G. BARBATO and F. PETDC
XV
Improved Performance of referential hardness testing machine 767 S. IWASAKI, N. HIDA and H. ISHIDA
The present Status and future of hardness Standards particularly Rockwell hardness 773 H. YAMAMOTO and T. YAMAMOTO
The geometric characterisation of Rockwell Diamond indenters 779 J.F. SONG, F.F RUDDER, JR., T.V. VORBURGER, A.W. HARTMAN,
B.R. SCACE and J.H. SMITH
A survey of STM-based methods to measure microindentations 785 G. BARBATO, S. DESOGUS, A. GERMAK, R. LEVI, G. MURARI, G.B. PICOTTO,
G. PODDA and E. XHOMO
Development of an indenting test method based on the def ormation process in hardness test 791 H. ISHIDA and H. YANO
Using instrumentated microindentation to aid manufacture of components from brittle materials ..797 R.S. PoLVANi and C.J. EVANS
Micro-hardness tests for investigating the effects of aging and rolling 803 H. IMAI
The measurement of contact stiffness of machine parts with nominally flat surfaces 809 A. POUJANIUK and J. KACZMAREK
TC 7 - MEASUREMENT THEORY TC 7.1: Theory and fundamental principles of measurement
Process tomography. Principles and industrial applications 817 F. MESCH
Unsolved problems of measurement. An international study 827 P.H. SYDENHAM ET AL.
Measurement Day in Como. An Italian experience . 832 M. CUMETTI, D. COSTANTINI, L. GONELLA, L. MARI and M. SAVINO
XVI
Gnosiological justification of reference concepts of measurement theory and ways of improving the terminology System 838 A. BRAGIN
Cognition in electronic sensing Systems from the viewpoint of psychology 843 D.H. CROPLEY and A.J. CROPLEY
Qualitative analysis and optimisation of measurement Systems 849 D.H. CROPLEY
A model integrating operative issues in a theory of measurement 855 L.MARI
A "critique" of quantum measurement 859 A. REBAGUA
Epistemological aspects of measurement 865 T.L.J. FERRIS and P.H. SYDENHAM
A knowledge-based System approach to sensor Classification andselection 871 M. EL-HAMI, L. FINKELSTEIN and K.T.V. GRATTAN
Reconsideration of sensing System caused by qualitative diversification of measurement object 877 S. TAKAYAMA and K. KARIYA
Developing suitable measurand sets from the knowledge need requirement 882 K. KASHEF
Principles of calibration of intelligent instruments 887 A. BALSAMO and S. SARTORI
Constraints in measurements 893 GY. ROMAN and T.P. DOBROWIECKI
Data and modeis fusion techniques in measurement 899 A. BOSCOLO, C. MANGIAVACCHI and O. Tuzzi
Effectivity of measuring Systems with surplus structure 905 J. jAfcwiNSKi and K. WAZYNSKA-FIOK
XV11
Simulation of Coltman's correction II. Computation error and convergency 910 K. KOJIMA, D.Y. TSAI, K. TANAKA and S. UCHIDA
Solving the problem of statte calibration by means of splines in two variables 916 R.Z. MORAWSKI, A. PODGORSKI and M. WOLNY
Dynamic calibration using variational algorithms based on entropy-like criteria 921 R.Z. MORAWSKI and A. PODGORSKI
TC 7.2: Measurement System architecture and modeis
Synthesis of measurement conversion Systems struetures: methodological aspects 931 V.Yu. KNELLER and V.A. SKOMOROKHOV
Expert Systems in System identification. Second generation issues 936 T.P. DoBROWiEoa and F. LOUAGE
A new data compression technique for constant rate sampling Systems 942 S. SANGIOVANNI
Effective bits and Information rate for evaluating performance of noisy A / D Converters 948 N. GIAQUINTO and A. TROTTA
Measurement science and probability density distribution and the time transition measurement 954 K. KARIYA and S. TAKAYAMA
Width measurement using video signal 960 K. TAGUCHI, I. MIZOSHIRI, K. KARIYA and T. NAKANISHI
Determination of camera positions and poses without using intrinsic camera parameters 966 K. DEGUCHI, I. MORISHITA, K. KINOSHTTA and L. NAGAMATSU
Neural networks in time domain analysis of signals 972 M. CACIOTTA and V. ORSOUNI CENCELLI
XV1H
Comparative investigations of "parameter-to-period" measuring Converters 978 H. URZEDNICZOK
Measurement apparatus based on concurrent two-DSP architecture 982 A. PIETROSANTO, A. BACOGALUH and A. BERNIERI
Relative dynamic compensation of linear measuring instruments 988 T. ONOandJ. SUN
High-Q resonant one-port measuring methods without precise tuning to the resonance. Problems of comparison 994 J. CHICHOKI
TC 7.3: Cognitive issues in sensing
Sensor science. The core of Instrumentation and measurement technology 1003 J. MCGHEE, I.A. HENDERSON and P.H. SYDENHAM
Fuzzy sensors for the fusion of information 1009 G. MAURIS, E. BENOIT and L. FOULLOY
A fuzzy colour sensor 1015 E. BENOIT, G. MAURIS and L. FOULLOY
Data flows within the universal sensing System design model 1021 D.HARRIS
Basic theoretical principles for design of analog-digital measurement Systems with adaptively controlled sensors 1025 A.A. PLATONOV
On optimal redundant sensor system design for bias elimination 1031 T. KiMURA, S. SASA and M. TAKIZAWA
TC 8 - METROLOGY TC 8.1: Uncertainty and error analysis
Priority problems of metrology and their Solution in relation to the establishment of national Standards in Russia 1041 Yu.V. TARBEYEV
XIX
A Bayesian approach to uncertainty expression in a Single measurement 1046 E. ARRI, G. IUCULANO and A. ZANOBINI
A method for the fast analysis of the metrological Performances of a set of Instruments 1052 I.F. CRETU
Uncertainty estimation methods by Simulation in flatness measurements 1056 J. DE VICENTE and A.M. SANCHEZ PEREZ
The evaluation of measurement uncertainty 1062 R.C. MICHELINI and G. Rossi
Applicability of international Standard ISO 5725 and WECC Doc. in the determination of the uncertainty of measurement..... 1068 F. DUSMAN and V. MUDRONJA
TC 8.2: Frequency Standards
The French optically pumped frequency Standard 1077 G. ROVERA, E. DE CLERCQ and A. CLAIRON
A new design for the realization of the Italian atomic time scale 1083 P. TAVELLA, G. VIZIO and F. CORDARA
TC 9 - FLOW MEASUREMENT TC 9.1: Ultrasonic flowmeters
Controversial issues in flow measurement 1093 R.A. FURNESS
Application of an acoustic flowmeter for discharge measurement in the Po river in Torino 1106 G. GREGO, M. BALDIN, W. MAGGIONI and M. BUFFO
Ultrasonic two-phase flow measurements based on pattern recognition techniques 1112 H.M. PRASSER, F. HENSEL and P. SCHÜTZ
XX
TC 9.2: Mass flowmeters
A high accuracy, portable calibration Standard for low mass flow 1121 P. DELAJOUD and M. GIRARD
Viscous flow tests of Coriolis mass flowmeters 1127 G.P. CORPRON and P. KALOTAY
Conveyor belt velocity by frequency estimation of unbalance mass signal 1133 M. HENN
TC 9.3: Flow pattern investigations
Modelling in flow measurement accuracy estimation 1141 J. HALTTUNEN, E. LUNTTA and O. AUMALA
Contribution to the improvement of the Log-Tchebychef f multipoint Integration technique for determining air flow rates 1147 G. MBUYI KAMBA, E. JACQUES and J. PATIGNY
Effects of angle between two elbows on orifice discharge coefficients 1153 K.A. PARK and S.H. LEE
TC 9.4: Sensors and calibration techniques
Trend analysis, general model and application to high pressure gas flow Standards 1161 J.G.M. VAN DER GRINTEN and C.M.E.E. PETERS
Calibrating a mechanical displacement prover 1165 J.R. Mn.ES and R.G. RIGBY
Characterization of a new non-contact fiber optic sensor for measurement of bubble velocity in two-phase flow 1171 O. MASSI, G.L. ROSSI and E.P. TOMASINI
Error analysis in Volumetrie calibrations 1177 S.Z. ZAHWI
Industrial measuring instruments based on laser Doppler transmitters 1182 Yu.D. KAMINSKI and E.G. ZVENIGORODSKI
XXI
Gas meters for public Utilities and small industrial enterprises 1185 Yu.A. KOMAROV, N.M. KURNOSSOV and I.N. IVANOV
Fluidic active oscillator flowmeters and their study as variable differential pressure transmitters for Standard orifice 1187 P.A. ARISTOV, N.A. BARYKIN and G.V. BELOUSSOV
On viscosity of the natural gas 1191 A. BOUSHEHRI and A. JABBARI
TC 10 - TECHNICAL DIAGNOSTIC TC 10.1: Basic principles and development trends
Recovery of source waveforms from measured Vibration Signals 1201 W.S. CHEUNG, B.D. LIM and HJ . EUN
Fault dictionary construction in the frequency domain for non-linear analog System 1206 G. IUCULANO, M. CATELANI and S. BAGNOU
An extended approach to analogue testing via QR factorisation 1212 L. BENETAZZO, P. CARBONE, C. NARDUZZI and C. OFFELU
Transmission ellipsometry with intracavity component under test 1218 S. NEUSCHAEFER-RUBE and W. HOLZAPFEL
Problems of knowledge acquisition for diagnostic expert Systems 1224 W. MOCZULSKI
TC 10.2: Methods, Instrumentation and Systems
.1231
ge combustion phenomena 1237 BECK and C.M. BECK
for transmission System
Fault detection in hydropower plants E. EGUSQUIZA and L. DE PAULA
C. MOGAVERO, S. PETERS and W. STEIN
1243
Using a capacitance technique to image combustion phenomena R. HE, CG. XIE, R.C. WATERFALL, M.S. BECK and C.M. BECK
Measurement and testing equipment for transmission System nptwnrks
xxu
Measurement quality and instrument calibration in a telecommunication research centre 1249 S. MONTRUCCHIO, S. D'EMILIO and G. LA PAGUA
A cased-based expert System for diagnosis of electronic circuits 1254 CT. KELM and D. FILBERT
Acoustic leak detection at complicated topologies using fuzzy classifiers and neural networks 1259 W. SCHMITT, G. HESSEL and F.-P. WEISS
Statistical control of the structural monitoring process in the dorne by Brunelleschi in Florence 1265 G. IUCULANO, M. CATELANI, D. BILU, R. BICCHIERAI and M. SERNESI
A new diagnostic method for engine pantograph 1271 K. ZEHNULA and P. BENES
Real-time harmonics estimation on power System by means of a transputer-based measurement apparatus 1276 G. Bucci, A. GERMANO and C. LANDI
Statistical evaluation of effectiveness in non-destructive defect sizingtest 1282 G. IUCULANO and A. ZANOBINI
An expert System for machine part condition assessment 1288 P. ENWALD, L.G. QIANG and K. HOLMBERG
A DSP based measurement apparatus for fault detection and diagnosis using neural algorithms 1294 A. BERNIERI, G. BETTA and M. D'APUZZO
Detection of asynchronous motor mechanical faults by means of current spectra analysis 1300 K. SOKANSKY, K. CHMEUK and J. BILOS
Investigations on fluid-structure-interaction in annular gaps 1306 G. GRUNWALD and E. ALTSTADT
Heavy-current equipment protection against effects of an electric arc K. SOKANSKY
1312
XX111
Two dimensional thermal patterns instnimentation and pattern coding technique for automatic diagnosis of thermal process 1316 S. OGATA, N. YASUTAKE, S. UCHTTONÖ and K. MINE
Identification of the transient thermal impedance parameters of the bipolar transistors 1322 J. ZAREBSKI
Measurement and characterisation of the telecommunication distribution network 1326 M. TITLI and A. TOFANELU
TC11 - METROLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
TC 11.1: Measurement needs for quality control
The PTB's technical co-operation projects for metrology and related matters 1337 E. SEILER
Dissemination activity to third countries 1341 R. PERKSI and M. MARINGELU
Measurement needs for quality control in developing countries: the Indian model 1347 J.K. CHOUDHURY
Quality and metrology in Chile 1352 I. LIRA
Metrology (CENAM) of Mexico 1356 J. GONZALEZ BASURTO
TC 12 - TEMPERATURE AND THERMAL MEASUREMENTS
TC 12.1: Sensors and new measurement methods
The ITS-90 dissemination and advance in temperature measurement technology 1367 L. CROVINI
XXIV
Calibration of SPRTs at the ITS-90 freezing points. New developments 1377 P. MARCARINO, R. DEMATTEIS and A. TIZIANI
Improvement of Cars temperature by means of Signal recovery theory 1383 A. BOAKYE, T. OHSAWA, T. KATTO and T. OZAKI
Expansion of measurement ränge of a fibre-optic distributed temperature sensor and application to commercial plants 1390 O. IIDA, T. IWAMURA and S. YAMAMOTO
Optimal approximation of characteristics of Standard thermocouples 1396 F. BERNHARD, A. HOFFMANN and R. REINHARDT
Long term and high temperature behaviour of miniature fixed point thermocouples 1402 H. LEHMANN and F. BERNHARD
Fibre optic sensor of heat flow 1408 R. DUDA and L. BEJCEK
Wide ränge temperature thermal flowmeters 1413 E. GAVIOT, D. LECLERCQ and P. THERY
A thick film radiation sensor for thermal comfort and control 1419
C M . JOPPOLO and P. ROLLA
TC 12.2: Radiation temperature measurements
A proposal for using photodiode arrays in Standard radiation thermometry 1427 L. WANG and T. RICOLFI
Photodiode-array radiation thermometer for high temperature measurements 1433 M. BATTUELLO and L. WANG
Radiation thermometry for reducing emissivity problem T. IUCHI, M. YODA and R. KOBAYASHI
1439
XXV
Dual wavelength thermometry applied to hot rolling of aluminium and galvanealing of steel 1445 S.F. METCALFE, A.D. TUNE and T. BEYNON
The development of a new radiation thermometer 1451 J.Y. JUNG, Y.N. KIM and W.H. HWANG
Development of multiwavelength pyrometer 1456 K. HiRAMOTO, T. YAMAMOTO and C. UEMATSU
TC 12.3: Electronics and Computers in temperature and thermal measurements and control
Measurement of thermal diffusivity by infrared thermography image processing techniques 1465 I. PHIUPPI, D. BATSALE and A. DEGIOVANNI
A microcomputer heat flow density measurements 1471 J. DRNOVSEK, T. REPAR and J. BOJKOVSKI
An efficient fuzzy Controller for thermal treatment furnace 1477
M. Lrroiu
TC 12.4: Measurement problems in industrial applications
Methodology to adjust calibration intervals of temperature electric transducers 1485 D. CAMARANO, C A . FLESCH and J.E. DA SILVA
Accurate temperature measurements in miniplants 1491 G.H. BANIS, K.R. WESTERTERP and A.H. PLEITER
Temperature sensor calibration based on the Optimum location of calibration points 1496 G. BETTA, M. DELL'ISOLA, R. PERISSI and P. VIGO
Applications of photothermal measurement techniques for the detection of subsurface defects and thermal inhomogeneities 1504 G. GOCH, U. SEIDEL, B. SCHMITZ and H.G. WALTHER
A cancelling method of equi-status noise with D.C. for temperature measurement in a feedback loop 1510 K. MINE, S. OGATA, F. MORIMOTO, N. KUBOTA and L. N E
XXVI
TC 13 - MEASUREMENTS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE TC 13.1: New measurement technology
in biology and mediane
Measurement in mediane. Information technology as an aid to clinical decision making 1521 E.R. CARSON
Fluxgate gradiometer for magnetopneumography 1527 P. RIPKA, J. BLAHA and J. JEKABEK
Models of Ventilation and respiration 1531 R. SUMMERS, S. ANDREASSEN, E.R. CARSON and C. MORGAN
Contactless conductometric haematocrit measurement 1535 A.R. VARLAN and W. SANSEN
Measurement of muscle activation patterns from surface myoelectric Signals 1540 P. BONATO, T. D'ALESSIO and M. KNAFUTZ
Microprocessor based instrument for pain measurements 1546 D. MIRRI, G. IUCULANO, A. MENCHETTI, F. FONTANA and M. MASETTI
A new technique for measuring strain on flexible materials such as soft tissues 1552 N.G. SHRIVE, E. DAMSON, S. IVERSUE, K. MOORE, C. FRANK, L. MEJIA
and G. LUCAS
CGGENT: an expert network for medical diagnosis 1557 R. SUMMERS, P. WELLER and J.E. LEFEVRE
Non-invasive method for measurement of respiratory System parameters 1561 J. MROCZKA and A.G. POLAK
Quantitative analysis of proteinous components in electrophoretic graphs by means of linear Operators 1566 L. FRUSI
TC 13.2: Digital imaging and decision Support in biology and mediane
Feature enhancement of abdominal computed tomographic images using a cascading spatial filter 1575 D. TSAI, K. KOJIMA, T. SAKAMOTO and N. TANAHASHI
xxvü
Neural Networks and vector quantization for efficient compression of diagnostic images 1580 T. D'ALESSIO, S. CONFORTO, C. ROBERTI, M. SALUSTRI and E. ZANETTE
An optical fiber sensor for slip control in the restoration of grasp with functional neuromuscular Stimulation 1586 T. D'ALESSIO and R. STEINDLER
Metrological modelling of living object exposed to noninvasive transillumination 1592 A. CYSEWSKA-SOBUSIAK
Biomeasurement and modelling of the cardiac electric field 1598 P. KNEPPO, M. TYSLER and V. Rosöc
Acquisition and elaboration of fluorescent images for tumour diagnosis 1603 G. SANSONI, L. BIANCARDI, F. DOCCHIO, R. CUBEDDU, L. VALENTINI
AND P. TARONI
Real time measurement of Joint movement using digital signal processors 1609 J. MOOREHEAD, D.M. HARVEY, P.H. DANGERFIELD and S.C. MONTGOMERY
TC 14 - MEASUREMENT OF GEOMETRICAL QUANTITIES TC 14.1: CMM and mathematical methods for geometrical quantities
Integrated quality control 1619 T. PFEIFER
Data compression with weighted double tracing method 1629 M. FUJIMOTO and K. KARIYA
Evaluation of shape measurement data using non-orthogonal periodic functions . 1635 T. AHBE, K. HASCHE and K. THILE
Mathematical method for tridimensional verification of the tolerances of location with degrees of freedom 1641 P. BOURDET, C. LARTIGUE and L. MATHIEU
Calibration of coordinate measuring machines based on ball plates 1646 D. HÜSER-TEUCHERT, E. TRAPET, H. SCHWENKE, F. WÄLDELE and U. WIEGEND
XXV111
Calibration of a 2-D grid using 1-D length measurements 1652 H. HATIJIEMA
A calibration method based on a model with a Vibration of a coordinate measuring machine using a Standard reference 1658 R. FURUTANI, K. TAKAMASU and S. OZONO
Development of a new non contact probe for 3D CMM 1664 T. MIYOSHI and Y. TAKAYA
Verification of a group of functional surfaces on coordinate measuring machines 1670 E. PAIREL, D. DURET and M. GIORDANO
An alternative method for calibrating and mapping errors in CMM 1676
J.V. SANCHEZ, G.B. RUIZ, R.S. NAVA and S.O. PADILLA
TC 14.2: Length and form measurements
Towards more accurate evaluation of cylindricity errors by multi-start helical scanning 1683 A.F. RASHED and I.M. NAJJAR
Measurement of tip displacements based on coupling of capacitive sensors to an STM piezo-scanner 1690 S. DESOGUS, 5. LÄNYJ, R. NERINO, G.B. PICOTTO and A. Sosso
Coherent optical rangefinder with stochastically frequency-modulated semiconductor laser 1695 W. BAETZ, J.C. BRAASCH and W. HOLZAPFEL
Three-axis capacitive displacement transducer for submicrometric monitoring of high-stability structures 1701 F. CABIATI, R. NERINO, F. CLARI, V. GIARETTO, E. MIRALDI
AND G. RUSCICA
Three-dimensional shape measuring system of specular objects and steep profiles 1706 T. AKUTA and K. HAYASK
Precision distance measurement by means of miniaturised interferometers 1712 G. JÄGER
XXIX
A robust distance measurement method 1717
D. PETRINOVIC and D. PETRINOVIC
TC 14.3: Surface texture measurements
On-line surface roughness measurement in production lines for process control 1725 H. BODSCHWINNA and H. BOHLMANN
Measurement of random micro-roughness of ultra-fine finished surface using optical System roughness calibration method 1731 Y. TAKAYA and T. MIYOSHI
An optical fibre sensor for displacement and surface topography measurement using neural networks 1737 Q. YANG and C. BUTLER
On-line glossiness evaluation method for stainless steel surface 1742 S. MORIYA, J. TATENO, K. ASANO, A. TORAO and F. ICHQCAWA
A necessity of three-dimensional surface stereometry characterisation, but by means of laser optical probe 1748 J. CHAJDA, A. CELLARY and M. WIECZOROWSKI
TC 14.4: Automated measurements and computer-aided quality control
A model for maintaining manufacturing quality in real time 1757 M. LAZREG and D. GIEN
New methodology towards the Integration of dimensional analysis in CAD Systems 1763 Z. HUMIENNY
Wide-range measuring machine for dimensional quality control 1769 U. MINONI, F. DOCCHIO and G. Scorn
Neural network Classification of dif fraction patterns for the quality evaluation of electronic assemblies 1773 DJ. SEARCH, C A . HOBSON, J.T. ATKINSON and J.D. PEARSON
Computer aided measurement for process control 1779 R.G. EASTHOPE and G.E. FOOT
XXX
The use of modularisation and CADMM in process plant design 1785 A. RÜTAHUHTA, E. RAUTAKORPI and Y. VÜTANEN
Three-dimensional measurement of solder Joint shape for quality control and process management using machine vision 1791 F. LILLEY, J.T. ATKINSON, A.C. HOBSON, S. KSHIRSAGAR and J.D. PEARSON
Multiparameter control flexible System for the engineering accuracy in the machine building industry 1797 A. STURZU, G. OPRAN, C. OPRAN and E.N. POPESCU
TC15 - EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS TC 15.1: Advances in optical methods and digital
imaging processing for photomechanics
Advanced in applied thermoelastic stress analysis 1807 P. STANLEY
Diffractive grating phase conjugated strain gauge 1817 J. EBBENI AND L. PIRODDA
Development of the shadow optical method of caustics for the determination of mixed-mode stress intensity factors 1823 L. SOHIER, M. COTTRON and A. LAGARDE
Automated photoelastidty in white light: application to birefrangent coatings 1829 S. BARONE and G. PETRUCCI
Automated deteetion and localisation of a bullet-hole on a target 1835 R. MICHELETTI
Application of photoplasticity for Solution of forming problems 1841 P. MACURA
Optical strain gauge 1847
A. DJORDJEVICH and P.S.Y. Wu
TC 15.2: Holographie, moire and speckle metrology
Knowledge assisted deteetion of material faults based on holographic interferograms 1855 U. MIETH, W. OSTEN and W. JUPTNER
xxxi
Thermal strains by moire" interferometry 1861 C. PAPPALETTERE, B. TRENTADUE and W. SUN <,
ESPI displacement and strain measurement error estimation using a measurement efficiency coefficient 1866 A.J. ALBERTAZZI GONCALVES, JR.
Flexible whole-field profilometry using structured light projection for industrial applications 1872 G. SANSONI, L. BIANCARDI, U. MINONI and F. DOCCHIO
TC 15.3: Development of sensors and Systems working in adverse dynamic conditions
Characterisation of accelerometers in the ränge where the Vibration method is not effective 1881 A. UMEDA and K. UEDA
A digital system to consider noise and dynamic conditions in strain gauge measurement 1887 L. D'AcQUiSTO and M.F. TSCHINKE
Tomographie measurement of stress tensor fields 1893 A. TRÄCHTLER
Multiple dynamometer for hostile atmosphere based on differential capacitive transducers 1899 F. CABIATI, R. NERINO, F. CLARI, V. GIARETTO, E. MIRALDI and G. RUSCICA
An automatic system for measuring non-uniform residual stresses by the hole-drilling method 1904 E. VALENTINI
Pneumatic air-jet sensors for hostile high temperature environments 1910 A. MANUELLO BERTETTO, G. BELFORTE, G. MATTIAZZO and L. FERRERO
Experimental stress analysis of automotive components by thermoelastic effect 1916 R. FRACCHIA and V. GIORDANO
Measurement of unsteady gas pressure with pneumo-electric signal line 1922 J. CIEPLUCHA
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TC 15.4: Safety control, supervising of structures, risk management
On the safety control of risk-sensitive structures by measurement and experimental methods 1931 K.-H. LAERMANN
TC 16 - PRESSURE MEASUREMENT TC 16.1: Calibration Systems
A look at uncertainties over twenty decades of pressure measurement 1941 C D . EHRLICH
Establishment of ultra high vacuum calibration System down to 10-8 Pa ränge in Korea 1951 K.H. CHUNG JHUNG and S.S. HONG
A novel fine differential pressure generator using centrifugal force 1957 A. OOIWA and M. UEKI
Uncertainties in high pressure metrology: application of advanced CAD techniques 1963 N.D. SAMAAN and F. ABDULLAH
TC 16.2: Pressure transducers
Pressure sensor using a double-ended tuning fork mechanical resonator 1971 A. CHESHMEHDOOST, D.G. RODENHURST, C M . FRANCE and B.E. JONES
Silicon-on sapphire structures based semiconductor strain gauge transducers for pressure transmitters working in severe operating conditions 1977 A.V. BELOGLAZOV, V.l. EVDOKIMOV and V.V. KHASDCOV
Ceramic free-cylinder and free-rod pressure transducers up to 1 GPa 1982 G. MOLINAR and R. WISNIEWSKI
TC 17 - MEASUREMENT IN ROBOTICS TC 17.1: Integrated measurement technologies to improve robot
intelligent behaviour
xxxni
Discrimination of characteristics of objects by composite sensors 1993 K. SHIDA and D. Li
High-speed three dimensional shape measurement by multi-slit ray projection and high speed image sensor 1999 M. BABA, T. KONISHI, S. OGAWA and M. IWAI
A vision-guided autonomous robot for the automatic selective harvesting of asparagus 2005 A. Gurouca, A. CUMANI, P. GRATTONI and G. PETTITI
3eyes: a flexible vision-based telemeter for position measurements .2011 P. GRATTONI, A. CUMANI, A. Gurouca, G. PETTITI and F. POLLASTRI
Optical distance meter based on dual-wavelength interferometry 2017 F. DOCCHIO, U. MINONI, E. GELMINI and G. SANSONI
Tactile sensors and transducers 2022
J. VOLF
TC 17.2: Sensors for advanced robotics
Testing the repeatibility of industrial robots: a comparison of ANSI and ISO Standards 2031 R. HELFERTY and J. JESWIET
Position measurement on robot links with prismatic and revolute joints 2037 G. QUICK and P.C. MÜLLER
Real-time orientation measurement of robot end-effectors 2043 K.M. FILZ, J.P. PRENNINGER, M. VINCZE and H. GANDER
Measurement of the transfer function for the characterisation of robotic electrical drive with linear induction motor 2049 E. BASIUCO, D. CASCIO, S. Nucao, R. Rizzo, M. SPECIALE and S. TINNIRELLO
New dedicated System for electrical actuators characterisation 2055 D. CASSIERS, P. SENTE and C EUGENE
Measurement requirements and System for diagnostic and motion quality control of a robot-crane 2061 J. SZPYTKO
XXXIV
OT18 - OTHER TOPICS OT 18.1: Environmental measurements
A modelling and identification approach for acoustic remote sensing for environmental assessment 2071 L. VAN BIESEN and L. PEIRLINCKX
The ways to improve technical Performances of the Systems for local acquisitum of hydro-meteorological/ecological data 2077 I.M. VISHENCHUK, V. A. GOLEMBO and V.L. KOTLAROV
Ozone sensing 2081 P.A. BANDA and W.B. WLODARSKI
Measurement of surf ace velocity of natural turbulent flows by spatial filtering velocimetry 2086 Y. ITAKURA, H. INABA and M. KASAHARA
Accurate Solutions to humidity measurement problems 2092 L. CROVINI, A. ACTIS, A. CAROTENUTO, M. DELLTSOLA and P. VIGO
Thick-film cantilever-type resonant sensor for relative humidity 2098 V. FERRARI, D. MARIOLI, A. TARONI, E. RANUCCI and P. FERRUTI
A fast response low-cost ultrasonic humidity sensor 2104 A. CARULLO, F. FERRARIS and M. PARVIS
The metrological characterisation of methods for the inversion of seismic data 2110 F. FERRARIS and S. GRAZIANI
The metrology laboratory for air pollution of OSE 2116 A. AZZONI and A. NEGRI
Experimental evaluation of the ice-bulb Psychrometer accuracy limits 2121 K. FLAKIEWICZ, K. KOSTYRKO, T. KRUKOWSKI and A. SZERSZEN
Time series Observation of geographical changes on Yellow River deltaby satellite remote sensing 2126 S. OGATA
XXXV
About the frequency response of some transducers for the measurement of the wind direction 2131 A. CIGADA and A. CURAMI
OT 18.2: Measurement in agriculture
Fractometer and Metriguard stress wave timer - handy wood testing devices for tree assessment 2139 A. ZIPSE, W. ALBRECHT, K. BETHGE and C. MATTHECK
Drill resistance measurements on standing trees and timber 2145 F. RINN
Evaluation of soil moisture content through the in situ measurement of electrical parameters 2151 G. IUCULANO, F . BENINCASA, M . CATELANI, G . PELOSI, P . BATTISTA
and R. Cocciou
OT 18.3: New measurement techniques in automotive applications
An evaluation of technological progress in the Italian automotive market from 70s to 90s 2159 C. Lo STORTO
Experimental load measuring for determining of durability of chassis parts of "microcar" vehicle 2165 J. VAVRO, J. TVARUZEK and S. HUSAR
A strapdown platform for automotive applications 2169 F. FERRARIS, I. GORINI, U. GRIMALDI, M. PARVIS, G. CASELLATO
and E. FAGGIOU
Distributed-torsional moments parameters in gearing Systems 2175 M. KOPECKY
Non-steady and non-linear conduction of heat in friction couple 2179 S. HUSAR and J. VAVRO
Computerised evaluation of Vibration control properties of driver's seats 2184 G.J. STEIN, R. CHMURNY and V. JINDRA
xxxvi
OT 18.4: Acoustics and Vibration measurements
Portable real-time sound and Vibration analyser 2191 W. BARWICZ, R.Z. MORAWSKI, J.M. MOSAKOWSKI and A. PODGORSKI
Static and low frequency calibration of accelerometers 2195 D. MARIOU, E. SARDINI and A. TARONI
A fuzzy approach for the elaboration of traffic information 2200 A. FICHERA and S. GRAZIANI
A study of the damping mechanism of a resonating device for particle size analysis 2206 B. KEYVANI and H. MAHGEREFTEH
OT 18.5:In-process inspection and quality control
Knowledge based quality measurement 2215 D. HOFMANN
On the traceability of measurements as an element of the quality 2221 A.M. SANCHEZ PEREZ and C.E. GRANADOS
Monitoring of manuf acturing processes by ANN and neuro-fuzzy techniques 2226 L. MONOSTORI
On-line non-contact measurement of the wall thickness of a glass reinforced composite pipe 2232 A.S. MARDAPITTAS, R.T. RAKOWSKI, K.F. HALE, B.E. JONES and O. D E PAOLA
Dissemination towards industry 2238 G. MIGLIO
Discretisation measurements in tolerance supervision problems 2241 C.M. HAJIYEV
Method of component identification in printed circuit units with unknown structure 2246 N.P. BAIDA and V.l. MESYURA
On-line measurement of alloy degree in galvanised steel at continuous galvanising process 2252 M. KAWAHARA, H. YAMANE, O. TAKEHISA, J. KAWABE and H. SHIGEMOTO
XXXV11
Imaging CCD micropolarimeter for concentration analysis in transparent liquids and melts 2258 T. FUHRMEISTER, G. NEUMANN and K. LEONARTZ
Late Papers
Invited Papers The role of measurement in the vehicle development process 2265 G. LEVIZZARI
TC/1.1 Nature and scope of data measurement test Signals in measurement education 2276 I.A. HENDERSON and J. MCGHEE
TC/1.2 The teaching of metrology: essential for industrial development 2282 R. COLLAY
TC/1.3 METIS: integrated environment for the measurement programming 2284 S.V. MURAVYOV
TC/2.1 Spectroradiometric measurements of some light sources utilized in optical metrology 2289 A. ALFERARU and F. IONESCU
TC/3.1 Force measurement, present and future 2295 M.PETERS
TC/3.2 The Computer aided design of a six component force transducer 2297 D. PERJU and L. DOLGA
TC/3.4 Data treatment in hydrostatic weighing 2303 M. MOSCA, S. PETTORRUSO and A. PEUTO
TC/4.2.1 The A / D transducer with the +R/-R Converter 2309 J. GOLEBIOWSKI, A. HETMAN, L. ISALSKI and P. WOJCIECHOWSKI
xxxvm
TC/4.2.1 Neural networks for A / D Converters 2313 F. CENNAMO, P. DAPONTE, D. GRIMALDI and E. Loizzo
TC/4.2.2 Modification of particular sampling method 2319 J. SAWICKI
TC/4.2.2 Measuring the complexity of metrological Systems' Signals 2324 I. NANCOVSKA, J. DRNOVSEK, D. FEFER and A. JEGUC
TC/4.2.3 How to design Computer based measurement System for testing measuring and protective current transformer 2330 D. ADAMCZEWSKA, A. KASPRZAK and A. KOSZMIDER
TC/4.2.4 Measurement of resistor noise figure 2336 L. HASSE and L. SPIRALSKI
TC/4.2.4 Reliability and 1/f noise of electronic components 2341 A. KoNCZAKOwsKA and L. SPIRALSKI
TC/4.3.1 Construction of theory of analog-digital conversion on basis of magnitude comparison 2347 A. BRAGIN
TC/4.3.4 The method of the forming of some smart sensors' transformation characteristic 2353 J. GOLEBIOWSKI, A. HETMAN, L. ISALSKI and P. WOJCIECHOWSKI
TC/4.3.6 Fundamental harmonic power measurement 2356 M.T. GALEWSKI and M. WOLOSZYK
TC/4.3.7 Measurement of electrical impedance components during a half of sinusoidal wave period 2361 Z. RUCH and Z. SZCZEPANDC
XXXIX
TC/4.3.7 A new method to measure small dynamic conductance without using lock-in amplifier 2366 H. YAMADA
TC/4.4 Processes algorithmization at designing of operating Systems for magnetic measurements 2372 I.D. KALCHEV
TC/4.4 A cryogenic induction magnetometer 2377 R.V. SKLYAR
TC/4.4 Pulse-relaxation oscillation squid magnetometer 2383 N.N. BUDNUC, Yu.D. MINOV, V.N. SOSNITSKY, P.I. SUTKOVOJ
and I.D. VOJTOVICH
TC/5.1 Hardness and elastic modulus from dynamic hardness test data 2389 T.J. BELL
TC/7.2 Application of mathematical model to design intelligent measurement transducers 2395 J. BOUKOWSKI, L. FURMANKIEWICZ and E. MICHTA
TC/7.2 Qualitative analysis of sensor Signals with neural networks 2399 R. RAPE and D. FEFER
TC/8.1 Indirect measurement result treatment 2404 A.S. KLEIMAN
TC/8.1 Theoretical problems of metrological assurance 2409 A. SEMENYUK, A. BRAGIN and E. UDOVICHENKO
TC/8.1 Time series fractal dimension analysis in the problems of measurement result treatment 2415 Yu.P. MACHEHIN and B. ODINETS
xl
TC/8.2 The maintainance of the metre in Italy: present and perspectives 2418 F. BERTINETTO and M.P. SASSI
TC/9.1 New method of ultrasonic flow measurement at small diameter pipes ....2424 V. EFREMOV and M. ZAGLIADOV
TC/9.4 The calibration of the flowmeters with variable area 2426 H.M. ManT
TC/10.1 Neural networks and fuzzy logic: new concepts for technical failure diagnosis? 2430 D. BARSCHDORFF
TC/10.1 Diagnosis of nonlinear dynamic Systems based on adaptive residual generation and evaluation 2438 A.YE. SHUMSKY
TC/10.1 Implementation of Simulation procedures in diagnostic expert sistems 2444 W. CHOLEWA
TC/10.2 ATE oriented methods of fault diagnosis of analog electronic circuits with limited accessibility 2450 W. TOCZEK and R. ZIELONKO
TC/10.2 The machinery life forecast method based on neural networks and application onbearing diagnosis 2456 X.P. Pu, K.X. CHEN and J.W. Xu
TC/10.2 The electromagnetic device for non-destruction control of pipes 2462 Ju.M. SHUMKOV and P.V. MOKRENKO
TC/10.2 Acoustic method of steam content diagnostics in NPP coolant 2464 K.N. PROSKURJAKOV
xli
TC/11.1 Needs for new Organization of metrological control in quality control in Bulgaria 2469 T. KANCHEVA
TC/11.1 The measurement and testing programme of the Commission of the European Communities 2472 P. SAUERI and D. GOULD
TC/11.1 Calibration chains of the National Bureau of Metrology 2477 R. COLLAY
TC/12.1 Realization of the ITS-90 below 0°C at the ILT&SR 2481 A. SZMYRKA-GRZEBYK, L. LIPINSKI and P.M. STEUR
TC/12.3 Measurement of absorption coefficient by the thermal waves method 2485 V.E. Trrov, A.P. CHERNYSHEV, A.V. GALAKTIONOV, V.A. PETROV
and A.Yu. VOROBYEV
TC/12.3 Comparative analysis of the data reduction procedures in the flash method for thermal diffusivity measurement 2491 L. VOZAR and J. GEMBAROVIC
TC/12.4 Principles and applications of photothermal microscopy 2497 U. SEIDEL, B. SCHMITZ, G. GOCH and H.G. WALTHER
TC/13.1 Fibre optic probes for studying cell damage in the arteries 2503 P.D. GOOYER, N.B. JONES, J.C. FOTHERGILL and D.P. DEBONO
TC/13.1 Human biomagnetic signal measurement for diagnosing some diseases .'. 2509 N.N. BUDNIK, A.V. GAPELJUK, YU.D. MINOV, M.A. PRIMIN, V.N. SOSNITSKY,
P.I. SUTKOVOJ and I.D. VOJTOVICH
xlii
TC/13.1 Research of extractirtg FECG with adaptive noise cancelling and digital signal processor 2515 WEI M. and HUI-JUN F.
TC/13.1 The form of the exciting signal in the forced expiratory test 2519 B.K. JUROSZEK
TC/13.1 Skin temperature measurements with surgical electrodes in volunteer experiments 2524 N. NESSLER
TC/13.2 Deterministic modelling of human intestinal glucose absorption in response to glucose challange 2530 T.K. BASU, S.K. SARKAR and S. GANGULY
TC/14.1 Centre estimation of circles based on binarised images 2534 Ä. JOBBAGY, E.H. FURNEE and H.L.J. VAN VEENENDAAL
TC/14.1 The metrology behavior of coordinate measuring machines operating in thermally perturbed ambients 2540 L. MERLO and M. VERDI
TC/14.2 Precision capacitor displacement meter 2546 F.B. GRINEVITCH, M.N. SURDU, V.M. MOGILEVSKY, V.l. BUZANOV
and A.S. LEVITSKY
TC/14.2 Equipment for certification on radiation wavelength of He-Ne lasers 2550 V. SOLOVJOV, Yu.P. MACHEHIN, V.M. SMULAKOVSKY and V. A. ODINETS
TC/14.3 Critical analysis of the diff erent techniques for surf ace morphology measurements 2552 T. MATHIA, H. ZAHOUANI, W. RAKOWSKI and J. ROUSSEAU
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TC/14.3 Measurement of waviness to evaluate surface finish in industrial production with the point of view to nanotechnology 2558 P.H. OSANNA, D. PROSTREDNK and C.P. HEISS
TC/15.3 A new method for the punctual determination of the amount of thestrains 2563 P.D. BÄRSÄNESCU and N. DAMEAN
TC/15.3 Strain gauge force transducers for dynamic measurements inenergetics 2568 D.M. SETEFÄNESCU, V. SETEFÄNESCU and T. MÄNESCU
TC/16.2 Transition from the capacitive to the fet-type pressure sensor 2574 J.M. LISKO, R.S. JACHOWICZ and M. A. KRZYCKI
TC/17.1 Measurements and robotics, a general review 2580 B.I. REBAGUA
TC/17.2 Precise robots in control and measurement Operation in manufacturing processes 2586 L. NAWARA
TC/18.1 An original method of pollution valorization 2592 V. BUCZANSKY, M. ORESCHIN, M. VIDIN and S. CURIC
TC/18.1 Procedures and algorithms for minimization of relative calibration errors of dustmeters 2596 LB. IVASIV
TC/18.2 A microcomputer measurement System for estimation of energy budget components in a crop growing area 2602 N.V. KOLEV, B.S. KRUSTANOV, K.P. PENEV, V.G. ABRAMOV and A.A. BARAN
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TC/18.4 An improved electrodynamic reciprocity method f or accelerometer calibrations 2606 G. LI-FENG
TC/18.4 Measurement of Vibration by the three-axes accelerometer 2611 V. SOLOVJOV
TC/18.5 Quality inspection of ceramic tableware using a neural network vision System 2615 G.B. FINNEY, J.B. GOMM, D. WILLIAMS and J.T. ATKINSON
TC/18.5 A tri-axis electrostatic field transducers 2621 M. ANTONIU, N.D. ALEXANDRU and E. ANTONIU
TC/4.1.1 High-accuracy comparisons of Standard resistors at low frequencies 2627 A. PLOSHINSKY
TC/4.1.1 Standard resistances for high-accuracy measurements 2629 V. ZASLAVSKY and A. PLOSHINSKY
TC/4.3.1 Accurate reflection method for measuring quartz resonator Parameters in very wide frequency ränge and System 2631 A. LISOWIEC, M. WOJCICKI and A. MILEWSKI
TC/4.3.1 Measurements of stability of the DC-voltage reference module and compensation of the influential parameters 2635 P. KRANJEC, J. DRNOVSEK, M. LINDIC, D. FEFER and A. JEGLIC
TC/4.3.2 Amplitude modulation in a digital sine generator 2641 R. LAFUH, S. CIGLARIC, D. FEFER, J. DRNOVSEK and A. JEGUC
TC/4.3.2 Single time interval meter of picosecond accuracy 2646 G.L. TYMCHUK, V.F. TKACHENKO and A.S. PAPASOV
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TC/7.2 Synthesis of structures of testing scalar invariant measurement Systems with direct conversion 2651 V.A. SKOMOROKHOV
TC/10.1 Vibrational control of rod structure joints 2655 A.E. BOZHKO, A.I. FEDOROV, V.l. PERMYAKOV and V.l. LYASHENKO
TC/10.2 The estimation of highvoltage Switches disconnection resource 2660 B.I. MOKIN, V.V. GRABKO and E.A. ZAVALNJUK
TC/11.1 Laboratory accreditation in India 2663 M. CHANDER
TC/12.1 Mercury triple point temperature measurements realized at the thermometry laboratory of CENAM 2672 E. MENDEZ-LANGO, J. VALENCIA-RODRIGUEZ and J.M. FIGUEROA-ESTRADA
TC/12.1 The new heat flow transducer 2676 N.P. DIVIN
TC/14.2 New method of certif ication of laser interef erometers in the ränge below 10-6 m and 0.1 ang. sec 2680 E.P. KRIVTSOV, A.YE. SINELNIKOV and A.A. YANKOVSKY
TC/18.2 Computer System of control for the largest grairt storages 2684 A. KOBOSKO
TC/18.4 Ultrasonic measurements on polymeric films 2689 S. MAUNARIC
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 2695
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