process aware information system at amikom oct 2015
Post on 12-Apr-2017
243 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
PROCESS AWARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Prof. Riyanarto Sarno, PhD
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh NopemberOktober 2015
1. From programming to assembling.
2. From data orientation to process orientation.
3. From design to redesignand organic growth.
“a software system that manages and executes operational processes involvingpeople, applications, and/or information sources on the basis of process models.“ [1].
Process-Aware Information System, PAIS, merupakan sistem perangkat yangmengelola dan mengeksekusi proses-proses operasional yang melibatkanorang, aplikasi, dan/atau sumber daya informasi dengan mengacu pada modelproses.
Users
...Anwendungen / Application Server
Instance 4Instance 3
Instance 2Instance 1
Instance 6Instance 5
Instance 11Instance 10
Instance 9Instance 8
Instance 7
Instance 14Instance 13
Instance 12
Process-aware Information System (PAIS)
Process Execution Engine
Msg QueuingTime MgmtAuthorization
Late Modeling Web Clnt APIValidatíon
Dyn. Change APIModeling APIAdmin. API
Exceptions Audit Trail ...
Process Engineer
Process Composer
Create Process SchemaModify Process SchemaCheck Process Schema…
Process Repository
Process Schemas
ApplicationComponents
Early work in ’70s and ’80s use Petri Nets Poor technology support Organizations focused on tasks, not processes Lack of unified modeling
Business Process Reengineering (BPR) in ’90s Factoring overspecialized tasks into coherent and globally visible
processesMaturation of tools: modeling & workflow management
Enterprise process architecture in ’00sMissing standards for BPM Constrained tools emphasize serial processing
5Still about people, processes, and systems
Process-aware collaboration (P2P)Project management Incident trackingEnterprise resource planning (ERP)Customer relationship management (CRM)Case handling Business process design/engineeringEnterprise Application Integration (EAI) suitesWeb integration servers
6
People vs Software Applications Unframed person-to-person (P2P) person-to-application (P2A) application-to-application (A2A)
Structure and Predictability of Processes Unframed Ad hoc framed Loosely framed Tightly framed
PAIS Types vs Development Tools
validation, i.e., testing whether the process behaves as expected,
verification, i.e., establishing the correctness of a process definition,
performance analysis, i.e., evaluating the ability to meet requirements with respect to throughput times, service levels, and resource utilization
Process Discovery Conformance Checking Fitness (Is the observed behavior possible according to the model?) Appropriateness (Is the model “typical” for the observed behavior?) also possible to check conformance based on organizational models, predefined
business rules, temporal formulas, Quality of Service (QoS) definitions
Extension decision mining, Performance analysis, user profiling
Business Process Management
A business process, or business method, is a model composed by a collection of related, structured activities or tasks that produce a specific service or product (serve a particular goal) for a particular customer or customers.Business Processes are designed to add value for the customer and should not include unnecessary activities. The outcome of a well designed business process is increased efectiveness (value for the customer) and increased efficiency (less costs for the company).Business Processes can be modeled through a large number of methods and techniques. For instance, the Business Process Modeling Notation is a Business Process Modeling technique that can be used for drawing business processes in a workflow.
Source: v.d.Aalst, t.Hofstede, Weske 2003
Diagnosis
Process Design
System Configuration
Process Enactment
Management processes, the processes that govern the operation of a system. Typical management processes include "Corporate Governance“ and "Strategic Management“Operational processes, processes that constitute the core business and create the primary value stream. Typical operational processes are Purchasing, Manufacturing, Marketing, and Sales.Supporting processes, which support the core processes. Examples include Accounting, Recruitment, Technical support.
non-alignment of business and IS/IT strategy;
poor levels of management commitment;
constraints imposed by legacy systems;
risks associated with business and IS/IT change;
limited scope for team work between business and IS/IT people;
negative employee attitude;
red tape and bureaucracy within functionally oriented organisations;
lack of frameworks for integrating BP&ISR
........................... .
...............................................
..........................................
................................
..........................................
...................
.....................................
......................................
.....................
................................
.......................
..............
........................
..........
............................ ........
................
....................................................................................................................
....................
.......................
..........................
...
......
...
.........
.........
...... ...................
...........
.....................................
........................................................................
..................................................................
......
.............................
.....................
...................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................
......
.........
.
............
........
.....................
.............
.................
.................
.......
.........
................
...........................
..................
......................................
..................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
................................................
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
..................................................................
.....................................................
....................................
...................
...........
..............................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
..............................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................
..............................
.........................................
.......................................................
..........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................
...........
...........
...................
..............................
...........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................
.........................................................................
...........................................................................................................
............................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
.............................
...............
...........
.............................................................................................................................
...............
.........
........................
..........................
..........
................................
........................
........
.....................
.......
..................
.........................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
..............................................................................
....................................................................
.........................
..................
..........
................
.................
.......
.............
...
.....
...........................
............
.................
...........................
...........................
...
....
......................
.................
............
................
.............
.....................
...........................
...................
.............
...
................................
......
..............
........
.........
.............................
............
..........................
............
.................
................
................
...................................................
.................................................................
................................................
..................
..........
.................................
..................................
.............................................................
..............
...............
...........
............................................................................................................................
.......................................................................
....................................
................. .........................
............
............
.........
..............
....................
.
............
.
............
............
.........
.
............
................................
............................................................................................................................
................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
............. ...........
......
............
..............................................
.........
...................................................
.................................................................
...........................
...................
..............................
...........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................
.........................................................................
...........................................................................................................
............................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
.............................
...............
...........
.............................................................................................................................
................... .......
........
...........................
...........................
..................
.........................
...........
...........
......................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................
.........................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
..................................................................
.................................................
...........................
.........
...........
........................................
....................................................................
......................................................................................
....................................................
.....................................................................
....................................
...........................
........................
........................
...........................
..........................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................
...........................
..........
..............................
............
...........
...........
.................
.......
..............................................
..................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
................................................
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
..................................................................
.....................................................
....................................
................
.............
.....................
...........................
...............
..............
........
.........
.............................
......
............
...................
............
.................
................
................
.........................
............
...............
.......................................
....................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
............................................................................
......................................................................
.............................................................................
...............................................................
...........................
....................
.
............
.........
..............
.
............
..........................................
..............
..........................................
..............
........................... ....
...................
...........
.......................................................................
..........................................................................................................
...............................
........
.....................
.........................................
.................................................................
................
............
...........
......................
....................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................
...........
................
............
....................
.................
..
...........
...........
................
............
............
......
........
.....................
.....................
.......
.
........................
...................
...........
........................
...............
.....
................................
............
..........................
..........
.
........................
................
................
..................
.............................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................
.........................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
..................................................................
.................................................
...
...
..........
.....
.......
......................
.....................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
.................................
..............................
.............
.............
.............
.............
........................
...........
..................
............
......
...........
.....................
....
.....................
....
........................
......
.
........................
...................
..........
.
........................
...............
............................
.
......................................
...........................
.....
.....
...........................
......
...........................
.
......................................
..............
...
..................
..........
...................
.......................
................................................................
.....................................................................
...........................................................................
.......................................
..................................................................................................
...........................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....
.......
......................
.....................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
.................................
.........................................
.....................................................
...........................................................................
.........................................
................................................................................
........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
.............
.............
.............
...........
..................
............
......
.................
...........
.....................
....
.....................
....
........................
......
...............
............................
...........................
..............................
.....
............. ....
...........................
..........
........................
.....................
....
..........
..........
..........................
.......
..................... .......
..............
.
.......................
......................
.....
.....................
...
.....................
...
.....................
.....
............................
.........................................................................................
.......................................................................................
...............................................................................................
.................................................................
...........................................................................................
.......................................................
..................................................................................................................................
........................................
.......................
............
..................
..........
..........................
...........................................................................................
.........................................................
....................................................................
.......................................................................
.
...........
....................................
..........................
.............................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..............................................................................
...........................
......................
.......
........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................
...............................
............................
.
.......................
...................
.......................................
.................................................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................................................
....................................................
..............................................
...........................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................
.................................................
...............................................................................................
................................................................
......................................................................
...................
..................
...........
......................
.........
...........
......................
...............
.........
............................
......................................................................................
........................................................................
......................................
...........................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................
....................
.................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
.......................
............
...................
.....................
.....................
...........
...........
...................
...........
......................
...............................
...
...............................
...
.....................
.....................
..................... .......
..............
..........
......................
.................................
..................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................
...................
..............
...........................
............................................................
...........
...............
..............
..........................................
..................................................................................................
........................................
............................................................................................................................
...................
.........
.........
.......
...............
.............
.........................
.....
.
.............................
...................
.........................
.....
.........
.
.........................
.........................
.....
.
.............................
...................
...........
......................
......... ........
.........
.........
........
...................................
.
............
.....
.............
.................
.. ... .....................
..........
..........
... ...
.....................
..........
..........
... ...
.....................
..........
..........
... ...
.
...........
..............
...............
..................
.....................
..............
...............
.....................
.............
..............................................
...................................................................................................................................
............................................
...................
...........................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
...........................
.....................
.............
................................
........
........
.....................
.....
...........................
...............
.............
.............
...
......
........
.........
...............................
.........
..................................
....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................
......................................................................................................
..................................
............
.....................
.............
.................
.........
................................
.........
........
.....................
.....
...........................
....................
.........
....
.........................
..........
.............................
.....................................
.................
...............
.....................
.................
......................
............................
.......................
.........
.....................
.....................................
...............
.
.............................
.
.............................
.....................
....
..................... ....
.................................................................................
.................................
..........
.
...............
...............
.............................
...........................................................................
.............................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................
................................................
............
.................
................
...................
..................
...............................................
.........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
..............................
.............................................................
................
............................................................................................
............................................................................
..........................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
.................
...........................
........................................
.....................................................................................
...........................................................................
..............................................................................................
....................................................................
...............................................................................
......................
..............
..
.......... ............... ........... ..........
.........
......................
............
............................................................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
.............................................
..................
..................
.................... ..........
...................
...........................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
....
.........
.......................
......
........
...............
.....
................
....................
......................
.................................
................
................................
................
.........
..................................
..............
........................
......................
............
............................................................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
.............................................
..................
........... ............
................................
........................................................
........................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................
.....
..................
.......................
.........
................
...................
................ ....
...........................
...........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................
....................................................................
...
...
...
.........
..........................................
.............................................................................
............................................
.................................................
.....................
....
.............................................
....
.....................
....
...................
.........
...................
........................................................................................
...................
.........
...................
...........
......................
...............................
...
...........................
......................
.......
.........................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
.......................
............
.
............
.....................................
........
...................................
......................
.....
.........
.......................
............
.....................
............
.
.......................
...................
...........
......................
...............................
...
.......
.......
.......
...................
..................
.........
.......................................
..............................................................................................................
...........................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................
..........................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
.........
.....................
.....
...........
......................
...................
...............
.............
.........................
.....
.
.............................
...................
.......
.......
.........................
.....
.......
.......
.....................
...
............................
.........................................................................................
.......................................................................................
...............................................................................................
.................................................................
...........................................................................................
.......................................................
..................................................................................................................................
...................................................
.........
.
.........................
.
.............................
................... .......
.......
...........
......................
.................................
...........................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
....................................
................................ ..........
..........
..........................
.......
.
...........
..........
................
.......
.......
.........................................
................
......................................................................................
................................................................
....................................................................................
......................
................
...................
...........................
........................
...............
........
.........
...
.....
.......
.......
..............................................
...............
..............................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................
...................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................
........................................................................
.......
.......
.......
.......
.....................
.....
.....................
....
............
.
............
.......................
...........
...........
.........................
.............
..............................
.......
.......
..........
..............................
...
.
.............................
.
.............................
...................................
..........................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
..............
.......
.......
...............
....................
...............
.................
...........
...............
.................
...........
.................
...........
........
.............
............................................................................................................................
..................................
.................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................
......................................
.......
.......
.......
.......
....... ....
......
........................
.....
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.....
..............
...........
...........
......
.....................................
.........
.....
..............
............
......
...................
.................
.................
.........
...
........
.........................
............
.....
..............
...
.....................
..........
..................................................................................................
...............................................................
............................................
..................................................................................
.....................
.......................
......
...........................................................................................................
......................................................................................
..............................................
..........................................................................................
..............................................................................................
.......................................................................
......................................................
.......................
...................................................................
.............................................................
..............................................
..........
...................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................
................................................................................
....................................
...........................
...............
.........................................................................
..........
.....................
............
...................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................
.........................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...............
..................
......
....................
...........
......
.....................
........
................
............
.........................
...............
.................
.........................
....
................
............
.......................
.... ..............
.......
................
............
................
............
.......
................. ............
.....................
....................
....................
................
............
.....
....
.........
.....
......................
....
............ ..........
......
...................
.......
.......
..............
................
............
.......
..............
...............
.................
................
............
..........
.........
..............
.......... ..............
.......
.................
........ ....
..................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................
......................................
..........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................
.......................
................
............
...........
.................
.............
............
................
............
.....................
.............
........
..................
...
..............
.....
..........
.........................
.......
.....................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................
.....................
............................. ........
.........................
.............................................
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.........................................................................................
.....................
................
............
.....................
.................. ....
...
...
.........
...
...
...................
..........
.
........................
.
........................
...
...
...
...
...
.
........................
...................
..........
.
........................
.........
..........
..........
....................
..........................
...........
...
...
...
...
...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ...
...
... ...
... ... ...
........................
........................................
.........
.....................................
.....
.......
.......
...................................................................
.........................................
...............................
.............................................................
...............
.........................
...............................................
...............................................
...........................
...........................
.....................
.
........................
.................
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
.................................
.....................
...........
...........
...............
.....
...............
.....
...............
.....
...............
.....
...............
.....
...............
.....
...............
.....
...............
.....
...........................
................
............
.....................
...............................
.....
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
................
............
................
............
.....................
...............................
.....
................
............
.....................
...............................
.....
.....................
.....................
...........
...........
.....................
...............
.....
...........
...........
.....................
.....................................
..............
...............
.....
...........
...........
.......
.......
.
...........
...........
.......
.......
.
...........
...........
...........
...........
.......
.......
.
.......
.......
.
...........
...........
.......
.......
.
.....................................
.....
...........
...........
..................
.....................................
.....
...............
.....
.....................
.......................
.....
...............
.....
...............
.....
...............
.....
... ...
... ...
.......
.......
.......
.......
...............................
...............................
...................................
..........................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
..............
....................
...............
.......
....... ....
.......
....... ..............
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.....................
.......
.....................
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
..................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
........................
Business Process Management
Business processes can be very large and complex
Thousands of concurrently executed process instances
High need for flexibility and adaptability
Feedback and learning from real process executions
PAIS correctness and PAIS robustness are fundamental
Example of an Automotive Engineering Process
Healthcare Process
What is BPM
Business Process Management is a generic term, that encompasses the techniques, structured methods, and means to streamline operations and increase efficiency.
BPM techniques and methods enable you to identify and modify existing processes to align them with a desired (improved) future state.
Business Process Management (BPM)
Software and strategy for modeling, automating, managing and optimizing business processes across organizational divisions, systems and applications.
Systems
Goals
Process
People
Information
Strategy Policies Compliance
Benefits of BPM
BPM & SOA
Success Depends on Business Impact and Process Complexity
Instance I1
A
D
B
x x EC
Instance I1
A
D
B
x x EC
Schema S‘:
A
D
B
x xC
Traditional Process Lifecycle Support
Cre
ate
Inst
ance
s
ProcessExecution
Process engineer /Process administrator
Process participant
ArbeitslisteTätigkeit 1Tätigkeit 2Tätigkeit 3Tätigkeit 4
Integrated Process Lifecycle Support
Schema S:
A
D
B
x x EC
Instance I1
A
D
B
x x EC
Execution Log
ProcessMonitoring
Page 28
Instance I1
A
D
B
x x EC
Instance I1
A
D
B
x x EC
Schema S‘:
A
D
B
x xC
Traditional Process Lifecycle Support
Cre
ate
Inst
ance
s
ProcessExecution
Process engineer /Process administrator
Process participant
ArbeitslisteTätigkeit 1Tätigkeit 2Tätigkeit 3Tätigkeit 4
Schema S:
A
D
B
x x EC
Instance I1
A
D
B
x x EC
Execution Log
ProcessMonitoring
Need for Exception Handling and Ad-hoc Changes
Need for Process Evolution
Some Flexibility Issues Along the Lifecycle
Need for Learning from Instance Executions
(incl. Ad-hoc Changes)
Source: [WRWR09]
29
Need for Dealing with Variations
Need for Decision Deferral
Instance I1
A
D
B
x x EC
Instance I1
A
D
B
x x EC
Schema S‘:
A
D
B
x xC
Lifecycle Support in adaptive PAISs
Cre
ate
Inst
ance
s
ProcessExecution
Process engineer /Process administrator
ProcessMonitoring
Change Log
Instance-specificChange
Exception:Delete (I1, E)
Process participant
ArbeitslisteTätigkeit 1Tätigkeit 2Tätigkeit 3Tätigkeit 4
Ch
ange
Pr
opag
atio
n
Integrated Process Lifecycle Support
Schema S:
A
D
B
x x EC
Instance I1
A
D
B
x x EC
Execution Log
Instance I1
A
D
B
x x EC
Instance I1
A
D
B
x x EC
Schema S‘:
A
D
B
x xC
Revised lifecycle for dynamic processes –The ProCycleApproach
Cre
ate
Inst
ance
s
ProcessExecution
Process engineer /Process administrator
ProcessMonitoring
Change Log
Instance-specificChange
Exception:Delete (I1, E)
Process participant
ArbeitslisteTätigkeit 1Tätigkeit 2Tätigkeit 3Tätigkeit 4
Ch
ange
Pr
opag
atio
n
Memorization and Change
ReuseCase Base
Derive Process Type Change
Integrated Process Lifecycle SupportSchema S:
A
D
B
x x EC
Instance I1
A
D
B
x x EC
Execution Log
Migrate Case Base
Process
Process
Process Process Process
Process
Process
Process
ProcessProcess
ProductProcess ProductProcess =
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellen
Tür-Steuergerät
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellen
Klima-Steuergerät
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
Installieren
τ
τ
Date
nget
rieb
ene
Proz
esss
truk
tur
Installieren
Installieren
BestätigungMechanik
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellen
Display
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
AuswahlLieferant Ausgewählt Aufgebautτ
Labor-test
Navigation
S E
AufbauMechanik Aufgebaut GetestetTest
Mechanik TestfahrtE-Klasse
S E
AuswahlLieferant Ausgewählt Aufgebautτ Labor-
test
Powertrain
S E
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellen
Getriebe Steuergerät
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
Installieren
Installieren
BestätigungMechanik
τ
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellen
Motor-SG Benzin
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
Installieren
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellen
Multimedia-Einheit
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
τ
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellenGPS Sensor
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
Installieren
τ
Installieren
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellen
Motor-SG Diesel
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
InstallierenInstallieren
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellen
Verstärker
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
AuswahlLieferant Ausgewählt Aufgebautτ Labor-
test
Innenraum
S E
τ
Installieren
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellen
Tür-SG Beifahrer
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellen
Klima-Steuergerät low
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellenKlima Display
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellen
Getriebe Steuergerät 2
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellen
Motor-SG Benzin 2
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellen
Klima Bedieneinheit 2
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellen
Klima Bedieneinheit 1
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellen
Motor-SG Diesel 2
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
Spezifi-zieren Spezifiziert AngeliefertBestellen
Klima Bedieneinheit 3
S ESicht-Prüfung
[i.O.]
[Nicht i.O.]
Installieren
InstallierenInstallieren
Installieren
InstallierenInstallieren
InstallierenInstallieren
Installieren
Installieren
τ τ
WMS orchestrates activitiesto compose a process rather than performs data management.
Process Mining combines the strengths of both data mining and process modeling by automatically creating process models based on existing IT event log data. It yields live models connected to the business and can be updated easily at any point in time.
WMS facilitates system to adapt with rapid changes of business process.
WMS could decrease the chances affecting human error by automating several processes.(Van der Weken, et al., 2009).
Nonetheless, Human Workflow in BPM manages some processes performed manually.(Liu, et al., 2012).
Research (Green & Choi, 1997; Fanning & Cogger, 1998) propose neural network solution to detect fraud. Data mining techniques are also used to investigate some potentially fraudulent patterns (Lee, et al., 2001; Wheeler & Aitken, 2000). In addition to that, some techniques using machine learning and genetic algorithm are also implemented (Williams, et al., 2006; Gottlieb, et al., 2006).
A technique to obtain a knowledge from event log, where certain organizational
activities are recorded.
Process Mining comprisesHow to Discover Process ModelHow to Check the Conformance between Actual Process Model and the event logsHow to Utilize Event Logs for Continuous Improvement of Process Modelling Involves multiple perspectives (process, data, resources, etc.)
39
information system
modelsanalyzes
discovery
records events, e.g., messages,
transactions, etc.
specifies configures implements analyzes
supports/controls
extensionconformance
“world”people machines
organizationscomponents
business processes
(process)model
event logs
Process Mining Tools
40
information system
modelsanalyzes
discovery
records events, e.g., messages,
transactions, etc.
specifies configures implements analyzes
supports/controls
extensionconformance
“world”people machines
organizationscomponents
business processes
(process)model
event logs
Process Mining Tools
Start
Register order
Prepareshipment
Ship goods
(Re)send bill
Receive paymentContactcustomer
Archive order
End
Process Model
Organizational Model
Social Network
Organizational Miner
Social Network Miner
Analyze Social Network
41
information system
modelsanalyzes
discovery
records events, e.g., messages,
transactions, etc.
specifies configures implements analyzes
supports/controls
extensionconformance
“world”people machines
organizationscomponents
business processes
(process)model
event logs
Process Mining Tools
Auditing/Security
Start
Register order
Prepareshipment
Ship goods
(Re)send bill
Receive paymentContactcustomer
Archive order
End
Compliance Process Model
Conformance Checker
LTL Checker
42
Organizational mining plug-ins can discover Roles/Teams in organizations Social networks for originators
Some metrics of social networks are based on ordering relations (e.g., the ordering relations used by the Alpha algorithm)
Conformance Checker assesses how much a process model matches process instances
LTL (Linear Temporal Logics) Checker uses logics to verify properties in event logs
43
information system
modelsanalyzes
discovery
records events, e.g., messages,
transactions, etc.
specifies configures implements analyzes
supports/controls
extensionconformance
“world”people machines
organizationscomponents
business processes
(process)model
event logs
Process Mining Tools
Start
Register order
Prepareshipment
Ship goods
(Re)send bill
Receive paymentContactcustomer
Archive order
End
Bottlenecks/Business RulesProcess Model
Performance Analysis
44
Detection of data dependencies that affect the rounting the routing of process instances
Which conditions influence the choice between a full check and a policy only one?
45
Make tacit knowledge explicit
Better understand the process model
46
48
1. Read a log + model
2. Identify the decision points in a model
3. Find out which alternative branch has been taken for a given process instance and decision point
4. Discover the rules for each decision point
5. Return the enhanced model with the discovered rules
49
1. Read a log + model
2. Identify the decision points in a model
3. Find out which alternative branch has been taken for a given process instance and decision point
4. Discover the rules for each decision point
5. Return the enhanced model with the discovered rulesHow can we spot the decision points in a
Petri net?
50
1. Read a log + model
2. Identify the decision points in a model
3. Find out which alternative branch has been taken for a given process instance and decision point
4. Discover the rules for each decision point
5. Return the enhanced model with the discovered rules
51
Attributes Classes: Yes/No
52
1. Read a log + model
2. Identify the decision points in a model
3. Find out which alternative branch has been taken for a given process instance and decision point
4. Discover the rules for each decision point
5. Return the enhanced model with the discovered rules
Which elements are the classes and which are
the attributes?
CEP
Engi
ne
WMS
EventRepository
ConformanceChecking
WorkflowEvent
ProcessDiscovery
Rule Repository
Fraud Notification
BPM CEP Process Mining GUI
54
Training examples for decision point "p0"
Discovered decision tree for point "p0"
55
56
57
62
Motivation Provide different Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) relating to the execution of
processes
Main idea Replay the log in a model and detect Bottlenecks Throughput times Execution times Waiting times Synchronization times Path probabilities etc
63
How can we spot the difference between waiting and execution
times?
64
65
66
20.8 minutes
1.3 minutes
What are these average synchronization times
telling us?
67
What are these path probabilities telling us?
68
69
Extension techniques enhance existing models with information discovered from event logs
The Decision Point Analysis plug-in can discover the “business rules” for the moments of choice in a process model
The Performance Analysis with Petri Nets plug-in provides various KPIs w.r.t. the execution of processes
The results of both techniques can be used to create simulation models for CPN Tools
Zeng, Qingtian, Sherry Sun, Hua Duan, Cong Liu, Huaiqing Wang “Cross-Organizational Collaborative Workflow Mining from a Multi Source Log”, Elsevier, vol. 54, Dec. 2012 pp.1280-1301.
B.F .van Dongen, J. Mendling, W .M.P . Van der Aalst “Structural Patterns for Soundness of Business Process Models”
W.M.P. van der Aalst, K.M. van Hee, A.H.M. ter Hofstede, N. Sidorova ,H.M.W. Verbeek, M. Voorhoeve and M.T. Wynn “Soundness of Workflow Nets:Classication, Decidability, andAnalysis”
Wil M.P. van der Aalst “Intra- and Inter-Organizational Process Mining:Discovering Processes Within and Between Organizations”
Riyanarto Sarno, Bandung Arry Sanjoyo, Imam Mukhlash, hanim Maria Astuti“Petri Net Model of ERP business Process Variation For Small and Medium Enterproses”
Thank youriyanarto@if.its.ac.id
http://riyanarto.blogspot.com
The Indonesian National Police (POLRI) officially announces
that there have been 71fraudulent cases since 2003.
Indonesia becomes the second biggest country in terms of
fraud frequency.
In 2012, there were 1,388 frauds across 96 countries causing
1,411,000 USD loss (ACFE, 2012).
One of factors causing fraud is the opportunity to deceive or to embezzlethe system [ACFE 2012]. Type of
Fraud
TechnologiesATM & Internet
Utilization:counterfeit,not present,
altered
Handling oftransaction:
lost or stolen,not received
TransactionsProduct: Credit & Debit, Card,
and Check
Relationship to accounts first, second, and third parties
Business Process:
Application Transaction
Embellishment, theft, &
fabrication
Mesin CEP
? ? ? ? ?
143224 7 2 3 13.22.11
Event
Event Event? ? ? ? ?
143223 2 2 4 13.22.10
? ? ? ? ?143223 2 2 4 13.22.10
Engine
Observation Time
How to mine process from the incoming events as soon as they are observed?
Process Mining Engine
2
1
3
4
Fitness: ? %
DBMS CEPQueries Ad hoc on stored data Continuous standing queriesLatency Seconds MillisecondsData Rate Hundreds per Second Tens of thousands per second
request
response
Event output stream
input stream
Standing Queries
Query Logic
Event sources Event targets
`
Devices, Sensors
Web servers
Event stores & Databases
Stock ticker, news feeds Event stores & Databases
Pagers &Monitoring devices
KPI Dashboards, SharePoint UI
Trading stations
InputAdapters
OutputAdaptersStreamInsight Engine
Query Logic
Query Logic
StreamInsightApplication Development
StreamInsight Application at Runtime
Sequence Pattern Mining (SPM) is a data mining technique to find pattern of related sequences.(Marbroukeh & Ezeife, 2010)
Table of Traces
<a(bc)dc> is a subsequence of
<a(abc)(ac)d(cf)>
Case ID Activities10 <a(abc)(ac)d(cf)>20 <(ad)c(bc)(ae)>30 <(ef)(ab)(df)cb>40 <eg(af)cbc>
Rule : <(ab)c>
Both explicit and implicit dependency are investigated using rules.
Creating Input Adapteron CEP Engine
Applying Online Heuristic Miner to discover streaming
events
Implementing SPM forConformance Checking
Providing process-awareworkflow events
CEP
Engi
ne
WMS
EventRepository
ConformanceChecking
WorkflowEvent
ProcessDiscovery
Rule Repository
Fraud Notification
BPM CEP Process Mining GUI
FRAUD !!!
CEP
Engi
ne
WMS
EventRepository
ConformanceChecking
WorkflowEvent
ProcessDiscovery
Rule Repository
Fraud Notification
BPM CEP Process Mining GUI
WMS
InputAdapter
Web Services
CEP Engine
StreamingEventsActivities
ContinuousQuery
CEP
Engi
ne
WMS
EventRepository
ConformanceChecking
WorkflowEvent
ProcessDiscovery
Rule Repository
Fraud Notification
BPM CEP Process Mining GUI
Extend
Repository
CEP
Engi
ne
WMS
EventRepository
ConformanceChecking
WorkflowEvent
ProcessDiscovery
Rule Repository
Fraud Notification
BPM CEP Process Mining GUI
Check whether the sequence of rules is a
subsequence of the sequence of process model.
If it is not, then categorized as a fraud.
And vice versa.
Storing Rules in Repository
Storing Process in Repository
Defining Rules Discovering Process from Incoming Events
is the Rulea Subsequence of the Process
Notifying asa Fraudulent Case
Notifying asa Legitimated Case
ConformanceChecking
No Yes
No List of Traces1 Create PO–Sign–Release–IR–SF-Pay2 Create PO–Sign–Release–GR–IR–Pay3 Create PO–Change Line–Sign–Release–IR–GR-Pay4 Create PO–Change Line–Sign–Release–IR-Pay
No List of Legitimated Rules1 <Create PO, Sign, Release, (IR,SF), Pay>2 <Create PO, Sign, Release, (GR,IR), Pay>3 <Create PO, Sign, Release, (SF, IR), Pay>4 <Create PO, Sign, Release, (IR, GR), Pay>
4 Create PO–Change Line–Sign–Release–IR-Pay
Is each sequence of legitimated rules a sub sequence of
sequence of trace ??
CEP
Engi
ne
WMS
EventRepository
ConformanceChecking
WorkflowEvent
ProcessDiscovery
Rule Repository
Fraud Notification
BPM CEP Process Mining GUI
Capturing Workflow Events Using CEP
Mining Streaming Events on the fly with Limited Size
of Repository
Conformance Checking Using SPM
CEP
Engi
ne
EventRepository
ConformanceChecking
WorkflowEvent
ProcessDiscovery
Rule Repository
Fraud Notification
1. Several legitimated (not-fraud) patterns are provided in the rule repository.
2. Randomized events of ERP 2013, which have role as a dataset, are streamed through CEP engine.
3. Every Process Model discovered from the events is compared to every legitimated pattern.
Data Set
Engine
RuleRepository
Result
Evaluate the proposed method with several datasets from both real and simulated events.The datasets are deliberately provided in cases of comparing fraudulent event to legitimated event.
What event attributes are required to store in case of fraud investigation?How to capture workflow events immediately by using Complex Event Processing?How to mine process of the incoming events in certain observation time?How to perform a conformance checking to investigate internal frauds in Workflow Management System?
Streaming events should define a very basic and simple attributes of the event.Complex Event Processing could improve the responsiveness of the system in cases of capturing emitted events.Process Mining empowers the system to discover the actual process model from the incoming events.Sequential Pattern Mining could be utilized to conform between the actual model discovered by the incoming events and that of the rules.
To define standard of streaming event attributes as efficient as possible. To increase system responsiveness in terms of catching workflow events by integrating Workflow Management System with CEP engine. To combine the power of Process Mining in terms of process auditing and the power of Complex Event Processing in terms of real-time processing. To implement Sequential Pattern Mining as a fraud-investigating algorithm based on process, which is discovered from the incoming events.
A new analysis to define standard attributes of streaming events for purposes of providing process-aware WMS. A special technique to integrate CEP engine and WMS will be proposed to catch web services, which represent workflow activities, and convert them into events. A chain of procedures for discovering the sequences from the incoming events and storing them in a repository is going to be introduced. A modified Sequential Pattern Mining technique would be applied, as a conformance checking technique, in cases of fraud detection in Workflow Management System.
The inspected cases belong to internal frauds, which are performed by human. The method focuses on analyzing the sequential pattern rather than
investigating data. There will not be any invalid data on evaluation phase.
Every cases evaluates in this research belongs to internal fraud.
This research emphasizes on utilizing Complex Event Processing to catch fraudulent events in Workflow Management System, instead of analyzing the complexity of the investigating algorithm.
This research aims at fraud detection and not at fraud mitigation.
Every Case ID of event log has been labeled before mined.
In cases of evaluation, both real-time and stored events would be investigated. Every activity, which performed by human, should be recorded in event logs. The event logs enact as data set to evaluate the proposed method.
The practical ways to prevent is providing SOP and limited access on the Graphical User Interface (GUI).
e.g., providing a limited option in a combo box when choosing an option, providing SOP to mitigate fraud, etc.
NewOpen…SaveSave As…Page Setup…Print…Exit
File
texttexttexttext
Nevertheless,
There is no one able to validate what really occurs in the system, since there is no proof based on actual data.
Therefore, we need to mine knowledge from actual data (i.e., event log, audit trail, etc.).
Event Log
Huge amounts of data
Enterprise IT systems collect more and more data about the business processes they support. These data usually reflect very closely what happened in “the real world” and can be a great source of insight for understanding and improving the business.
Process perspective
Unlike data mining, process mining focuses on the process perspective: It includes the temporal aspect and looks at a single process execution as a sequence of activities that have been performed. Most data mining techniques extract abstract patterns in the form of, for example, rules or decision trees. In contrast, process mining creates complete process models, and then uses them to precisely highlight where the bottlenecks are.
Also exceptions are important
In data mining, generalization is very important to avoid what is called “overfitting the data”. This means that one wants to strip away all the examples that do not match the general rule. In process mining, generalization is also necessary to deal with complex processes and understand the main process flows. However, understanding the exceptions is often important to discover inefficiencies and points of improvement.
Focus on discovery
In data mining, models are often trained to make predictions about future similar instances in the same space. Quite a few data mining and machine learning methods operate as a “black box” that spills out predictions without the possibility to trace back the “why”.
It analyzes the control flow model of actual process. Event logs are utilized as sources from which actual model of workflow process is built. To investigate a fraud, the control flow model is examined in various perspectives. It could analyze fraudulent patterns found in workflow process.
Most of the algoritihmscould only be conducted in a batch processing, not in a real-time processing.To mine process, a complete set of event log is required.
1 day’sactivities
Event logfor 1 day
ProcessMiningEngine
FraudNotification
Human Task
Human Task
Atom
ic Se
rvic
e(M
s. W
WF)
Com
posi
te S
ervi
ce(M
s. B
izTal
k)
Com
posi
te S
ervi
ce +
Hu
man
Tas
k(M
s. S
hare
poin
t)
The Three Levels of Workflow Management System
It is impossible to store all of the streaming events.The events are evolving.It is not operated in a batch manner.A model is discovered from an incomplete event log.
top related