prof. rai muhammad asghar...prof. rai muhammad asghar dean of pediatrics rawalpindi medical...
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Prof. Rai Muhammad AsgharDean of Pediatrics
Rawalpindi Medical University
www.drraiasghar.com
Neonatal Resuscitation
Neonatal Resuscitation
• Resuscitation is active intervention to
establish normal cardio respiratory
function
• 5-10% require active intervention
Goal
• To prevent morbidity & mortality associated
with hypoxic ischemic tissue
(brain, heart, kidney) injury
• Anticipate high risk situations
Guideline for neonatal resuscitation
Integrated assessment / response approach for
initial evaluation of an infant
- Color
- General appearance
- Risk factor
Fundamental Principles
- Evaluation of airway
- Establishing effective respiration
- Establishing adequate circulation
Immediate Care
- Place under radiant heater
- Dry
- Position (head down & slightly extended)
- Clear airway
- Gentle tectile stimulation
Assess
- Infant is color
- Heart rate
BIRTH
Term gestation?
Amniotic fluid clear?
Breathing or crying?
Good muscle tone?
Routine care
. Provide warmth
. Clear airway if needed
. Dry
. Assess color
Provide warmth
Position; clear airway*
(as necessary)
Dry, stimulate, reposition
Evaluate respirations
Heart rate, and colorObservational Care
Yes
Approximate
time
Breathing
HR>
& Pnk
30 S
eco
nds
The Fetus and Neonatal Infant
Give supplementary
Oxygen
Provide positive –pressure ventilation
Provide positive pressure ventilation
Administer chest compression
Administer epinephrine and or volume*
Postresuscitation Care
Evaluate respirations
Heart reate, and color
Observational Care
Breathing
HR>
& Pnk
Pink
Apnea or
HR <100
Breathing
HR>100 but
Cyanotic
Persistent
Cyanosis
Effective
Ventilation
HR>100 &
pink
HR<60 HR>60
HR<60
B
C
D
30 S
eco
nds
30 S
eco
nds
BIRTH
Term gestation?
Amniotic fluid clear?
Breathing or crying?
Good muscle tone?
Routine care
. Provide warmth
. Clear airway if needed
. Dry
. Assess color Provide warmth
Position; clear airway*
(as necessary)
Dry, stimulate, reposition
Evaluate respirations
Heart rate, and colorObservational Care
Yes
Approximate
time
Breathing
HR>
& Pink
30 S
eco
nds
The Fetus and Neonatal Infant
Give supplementary
Oxygen
Provide positive –pressure ventilation
Provide positive pressure ventilation
Administer chest compression
Administer epinephrine and or volume*
Breathing
HR>100 but
Cyanotic PinkApnea or
HR <100
Postresuscitation Care
Persistent Cyanosis
Effective
Ventilation
HR>100 & pink
HR<60 HR>60
HR<60
A
B
C
D
30 S
eco
nds
30 S
eco
nds
No
Respiratory Effort
Steps
Follow ABCs
A- Anticepate & establish
B- Initiate Breathing
C- Maintain Circulation
D- Drugs
If no respiration or heart rate below
100/min
- Give positive pressure with face mask
- Ecdotracheal intubation
If heart does not improve then:
- Start chest compression
- Site
Lower third of sternum
3:1
If no improvement
give epinephrine
Poor response to Ventilation
- Loosely fitted mask
- Poor position of ETT
- Intraesophageal intubation
- Airway Obstruction
- Insufficient pressure
- Excess Air in Stomach
Administration of Naloxone Hydrochloride
Ind: - Respiratory depression
- Mother has H/O narcotic
- Drug administration
Dose:- 0.1mg/kg ½, intratracheal
Emergency Volume Expander
- Isotonic crystalloid solution
10-20ml/kg
- O -ve blood
Sodium Bicarbonate
- Indication
- Documented metabolic acidosis
- Prolong resuscitation
- Dose - 2meq/kg ½
Dopamine or Dobutamine
Ind:
- Cardiogenic shock
- Dose 5-20mg/kg/min
Infusion Epirephrine
Ind:
- Unresponsive Cardiac shock
Dose:
- 0.1-1.0mg/kg/min
Primary Apnea
→Asphyxia →Reduce
Heart rate → apnea
Immediate Intervention
- Oxygen inhalation
- Tectile stimulation
Secondary Apnea
- Gasping respiration
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Finally apnea
Immediate Intervention
- Positive pressure ventilation
Equipment Required
- Resuscitation table
- Sterile Linen
- Suction apparatus ( Catheter 5, 6, 8)
- Laryngoscope with straight blade
- Ambo bag with face mask
- Endotracheal tube
- Gloves
Medication
- Epinephrine 1:10,000
- Naloxone hydrochloride
- Volume expander
- Soda bicarbonate
- 10% Dextrose water
- Sterile water
Miscellaneous
- Radiant warmer
- Stethoscope
- Adhesive tape
- Syringes
- Butterfly needle
- Umbilical artery
- Catheterization tray
Indication for Endotracheal tube
Intubation
- Ineffective bag & mask ventilation
- Prolong PPV required
- Suspicion of diaphragmatic hernia
-Preterm infant
-Meconium aspiration
Stop Resuscitation
If no respiratory & cardiac activity after 20
min of resuscitation
Fixed pupil
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