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Compact Design Improved Materials Reduced CO2 Competitiveness
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100
European Conference
AD700 - Advanced (700°C) PF Power Plant:
A Clean Coal European Technology
October 27, 2005 in Milan
CESI Auditorium
PROGRAMME and public ACTA
European Conference AD700 - Advanced (700°C) PF Power Plant:
A Clean Coal European Technology Venue: CESI Auditorium, Milan, Italy
Date: Thursday, 27th October 2005
Chairman: Fiorenzo Bregani, CESI
9:00 h Reception and Welcoming Coffee
9:30 h Opening remarks Giulio Santagostino, CEO CESI
9:35 h Relevance of the AD700 for Europe to compete over the World Vassilios Kougionas, European Commission DG RTD
9:50 h Role and Perspective of Coal in Power Generation in Italy Marcello Capra, Italian Ministry of Productive Activities
10:05 h Coal Power Generation and Competitiveness in Europe and in Italy Andrea Clavarino, President Euriscoal and Assocarboni
10:20 h Coffee Break
10:50 h Experiences and Forecasting of Coal Power Generation in Italy Gennaro De Michele, Director R&D ENEL
11:10 h The AD700 Concept and Status of the ongoing Phase I and Phase II Jørgen Bugge, Elsam-Engineering
11:30 h The Economic perspective of the AD700 Power Plant Sven Kjaer, Elsam-Engineering
11:50 h Boiler Designs for the AD700 Power Plant Gerhard Weissinger, Alstom Power Boiler
12:10 h Advanced Materials for AD700 Boilers Ralf Husemann, Bacock Hitachi Europe
12:30 h Lunch Break
Chairman: Jørgen Bugge, Elsam-Engineering
13:30 h The Horizontal Furnace Boiler as Option for the AD700 Power Plant Antonio di Meglio, Ansaldo Caldaie
13:50 h Compact Power Island Design and Overall Plant Arrangement Heiner Edelmann, Siemens Power Generation
14:10 h Alstom Steam Turbine Designs for AD700 Power Plant Andreas Pirscher, Alstom Power
14:30 h Siemens Steam Turbine Design for AD700 Power Plant Kai Wieghardt, Siemens Power Generation
14:50 h Coffee Break
15:20 h Advanced Materials for AD700 Steam Turbines Rod Vanstone, Alstom Power
15:40 h Further Initiatives related to the AD700 Technology Christian Stolzenberger, VGB
16:00 h Concluding Remarks Dario Lucarella, Director R&D CESI
Last Name First Name CompanyAmbrogi Romano CESI SpaBarbucci Pietro ENEL ProduzioneBattaglia Angelo Foster Wheeler Italiana SPABauer Franz VGB PowerTech e.V.Becker Martin Babcock-Hitachi Europe GmbHBregani Fiorenzo CESI SpaBressan Luigi Foster Wheeler Italiana SPABuchanan Les Mitsui BabcockBugge Jorgen Elsam Engineering A/SCapra Marcello Ministry of Productive ActivitiesCaridi Aurora CESI SpaCernuschi Federico CESI SpaCesari Franco Univ.Bologna. Dip. DIENCAChen Qiurong ALSTOM Power Boiler GmbHChiesa Francesco Stazione Sperimentale per i CombustibiliClavarino Andrea President Euriscoal and AssocarboniConcari Stefano CESI SpaD'Auria Vincenza Ansaldo Energia S. p. A.De Masi Caterina Edipower S.p.A.De Piaggi Roberto Victaulic EuropeD'Elia Pasquale Tirreno Power SPADermol Joze CEE d.o.o.Di Gianfrancesco Augusto Centro Sviluppo MaterialiDi Meglio Antonio Ansaldo Caldaie SpADirbach Matthias Holter Regelarmaturen GmbH & Co. KGDonth Bernhard Saarschmiede GmbHDotta Umberto Edipower S.p.A.Ebrecht Martin DVM StainlessEdelmann Heiner Siemens AG Power GenerationEinaudi Corrado Energia Progetti S.R.L.Ermilli Alberto ENEA CRFErulo Enrico Tirreno Power SPAFioretti Antonio Energia Progetti S.R.L.Galli Giuseppe STF SpAGuardamagna Cristina CESI SpaGuerreiro Ilidio EDF Electricite de FranceHansen Soren ENERGI E2 A/SHazeldine Paul Special Metals Wiggin Ltd.Henderson Pamela Vattenfall AB ElproduktionHoubak Niels TudiHusemann Ralf-Udo Babcock-Hitachi Europe GmbHIshizawa Kenji IHI Europe Ltd.Jaud Philippe EDF Electricite de FranceKakaras Emmanouil National Technical University of AthensKäß Martin EnBW Kraftwerke AGKirchner Holger Siemens AG Power GenerationKjaer Sven Elsam Engineering A/SKlauke Friedrich Babcock-Hitachi Europe GmbHLabanti Martino ENEA CRFLeban Miran CEE d.o.o.
AD700 Conference / List of Participants
Liberati Guglielmo Enel Produzione - PisaLucarella Dario Director R&D CESIMalusardi Enrico Edison SpaMartin Patrice EDF Electricite de FranceMartins Victor EDP P EM Process EngineeringPagnussat Roberto John Crane Italia SPAPasini Sauro ENEL Generation & EnergyPedersen Lars Storm ENERGI E2 A/SPenati Massimo Ansaldo Caldaie SpAPeszt Zbigniew Elektrocieptownie WarszawskiePiasente Romeo Ansaldo Caldaie SpAPirscher Andreas Alstom Power (Schweiz) AGPollastro Fabrizio STF SpAPoulsen Hans Henrik Burmeister & Wain Energy A/SRasmussen Frands ENERGI E2 A/SRinaldi Claudia CESI SpaRomano Matteo Politecnico di MilanoRosenkranz Jens Siemens AG Power GenerationSage Peter AEA TechnologySantagostino Giulio CEO CESISchiavi Luigi ENEL Power - RomaSchnatbaum-Laumann Lars Siemens AG Power GenerationSchönfeld Karl-Heinz Saarschmiede GmbHSorgenti Rinaldo AssocarboniStolzenberger Christian VGB PowerTech e.V.Tatschl Arnold BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH & Co KGTorri Lucia CESI SpaTschaffon Helmut E.ON Energie AGUpton Mark Mitsui Babcock Energy Ltd.Vanstone Rod W. ALSTOM Power UK Ltd.Weissinger Gerhard ALSTOM Power Boiler GmbHWieghardt Kai Siemens AktiengesellschaftWolters Francis Electrabel
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 1
Towards Zero Emission Towards Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Based Power Generation Fossil Fuel Based Power Generation
-- R&D Activities within the EU R&D Activities within the EU
Vassilios KOUGIONASEnergy Production and Distribution Unit
DG ResearchEuropean Commission
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 2
World energy system still relying by 90% on fossil fuels by 2030World CO2 emissions to grow more rapidly than energy demand (2.1% p.a.)Oil production to increase by 65% over 2004-2030, gas and coal to double over the periodElectricity demand to increase by 3% p.a., much relying on coal and gas
ENERGY OUTLOOK(From WETO)
Without radical policy measures
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 3
)
Still 90% fossil fuels worldwide by 2030
0
3000
6000
9000
12000
15000
18000
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Mto
e
Coal, lignite Oil Natural gasP rim . E lec tric ity W ood and was tes
ENERGY OUTLOOK(From WETO)
Without radical policy measures
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 4
Energy Related CO2 Emissions(WETO - EC DG RTD)
0
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
7 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
9 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 0
Mt o
f CO
2
E u ro p e a n U n io n E U & A c c e s s io n C o u n t r ie sU S A B ra z i lIn d ia C h in aJ a p a n
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 5
Security of supply - Green Paper on Security of energy supply(Issued Nov. 2000)
Rising import dependencyDiversification is keyNo option to be ruled outNeed to act on orienting demand
Energy Efficiency
Directive on cogeneration of heat and power (2004)proposal in 2003 for a Directive on the promotion of end-use efficiency and energy services to enhance the cost-effective and efficient end-use of energy in Member States Green Paper (2005)
EU ENERGY POLICY RESPONSE
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 6
RES
RES White paper 1997: increase share of RES from 6% to 12% of gross consumption by 2010
RES-e DIRECTIVE 2001 : to establish a framework to increase the share of green electricity from 14% to 22% of gross electricity consumption by 2010
Directive on liquid biofuels (May 2003) targets: 2% by 2005; 5.75% by 2010
White Paper on European Transport Policy (2001) (20% substitution of diesel and gasoline by alternative fuels by 2020)
EU ENERGY POLICY RESPONSE
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 7
CO2 and Climate Change
There is evidence that there is a link between the increase of greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere and the measured temperature rises.Communication from the EC (February 2005):“Winning the Battle Against Global Climate Change” (See Annex)
Political contextKyoto protocol/ Post KyotoRenewable Energy Sources and Energy Efficiency are recognised as Technological options for reducing emissions
Green Paper on Energy Efficiency or Doing More With Less (EC publication Jun 2005).Main Message : "Europe could save 20% of its energy by 2020”
European Climate Change Programme second phase will soon start and has CCS high on the agendaEU Greenhouse Gas Trading Directive – trading started Jan 05Security of Supply and Competition supporting EU’s Lisbon and Barcelona objectives
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 8
Kyoto Protocol entered into force on 16/02/05GHGs - 8% over 2008 - 12 compared to 1990Burden sharing agreement (EU-15)On track so far
But final target could be missedECCP identified cheapest routesETAP for specific action
EU Greenhouse Gas Trading Directive –trading started Jan 05“linking” directive transferring CDM and JI credits into the EU GHG trading directive.Kyoto is only a first step.
CLIMATE CHANGE
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 9
Distance-to-target indicators (in index points = percent) for EU-25
1,9-58,3
-55,4-50,4
-28,7-27,4
-23,4-20,9
-7,4-6,3-6,1
-1,91,7
3,54,2
6,66,8
11,511,8
12,916,3
21,124,8
30,4
1,4
17,010,9
8,6
-1,4
- 70 - 60 - 50 - 40 - 30 - 20 - 10 0 + 10 + 20 + 30 + 40
EU-15Latvia
LithuaniaEstoniaPoland
HungarySlovakia
Czech RepublicUnited Kingdom
GermanySwedenFrance
LuxembourgSlovenia
NetherlandsBelgiumFinlandGreece
DenmarkItaly
AustriaIreland
PortugalSpain
Percentage points below (-) or above (+) linear target path
DTI 2002 DTI 2002 with use of Kyoto mechanisms
Note: DTI in percentage points relative to base year emissions (the bars) show the deviations between a hypothetical target (in 2002) and what has actually been achieved (in 2002), on the assumption that reductions as a percentage of base year levels take place on a linear basis. It assumes that the Member States meet their target entirely on the basis of domestic measures and does not therefore include the use of Kyoto mechanisms or sinks allowed for under the Kyoto Protocol. Source: EEA, 2004
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 10
EU-25 greenhouse gas emissions until2002 and projections until 2010
Year
1990
GH
G E
mis
sion
s =
100
CLIMATE CHANGE-KYOTO
91
96
91
80
90
100
110
base
year
1995
2000
2005
2010
GHG emissions (past)
GHG projections with existingmeasures
GHG projections with additionalmeasures
Note: 1990 is the base year for most Member States for CO2, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) but 1995 for fluorinated gases. The base year for CO2, CH4 and N2O for Hungary is the average of 1985-1987, for Slovenia 1986 and for Poland 1988; the base year for fluorinated gases is 1990 for France and Finland
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 12
Communication from the EC (February 2005) : “Winning the Battle Against Global Climate Change”
Challenges : More drastic GHG reductions will be neededmax. 2°C increase, max. 450 ppmv,- 50 / 60% by 2050
Participation Challenge: Include all major emittersshare of EU-25 in world GHG emissions will decline to <10%
share of developing countries will expand to >50%
Innovation ChallengePulling technological change: Stimulate markets to promote adoption of new technology
Pushing technological change: Invest in knowledge economy to give EU a competitive edge in a low carbon future
Adaptation Challenge
CLIMATE CHANGE - POST 2012
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 13
Efficiency and conservation1. Improved fuel economy of vehicles2. Reduced reliance on cars3. More efficient buildings4. Improved power plant efficiency
Decarbonization of Electricity and Fuels5. Substituting natural gas for coal6. Storage of carbon captured in power plants7. Storage of carbon captured in hydrogen plants8. Storage of carbon captured in synthetic fuel plants9. Nuclear fission10. Wind electricity11. Photovoltaic electricity12. Renewable hydrogen13. biofuels
Natural sinks14. Forest management15. Agricultural soils management
CLIMATE CHANGE –POST 2012
Fifteen Technology OptionsEach potentially reducing emissions by 3.6 Gt CO2 per year by 2050
Source: Pacala, S, Socolow, R.2004. Science Vol. 305. 968-972
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 14
CURRENT EU R&D ACTIVITIES ON CO2 C+S AND CLEAN FOSSIL FUEL BASED POWER GENERATION
FP5 to FP6 FROM : gas turbines, combustion, conversion and emission reduction technologies, including Carbon Capture and Storage TO focus Carbon Capture and Storage in association with cleaner fossil fuel power plants
Key actions in FP6Projects and activities launched worth more than 120 M€Growth Initiative – “Quickstart” Programme : HypogenCo-ordination of member states activities, ERA-NET (FENCO)International Cooperation : The “The Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum”FP6 Last Call launched in Sept. 2005 on minor Complementary Activities and preparation for FP7
FP7New scope and instruments!Technology Platform on Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 15
FP2 and 3 :
A few small research projects modelling power cycles with CO2 as the working fluid, often requiring oxyfuel combustion and new turbomachines
FP5 :
Gas turbines, combustion, conversion and emission reduction technologies, including Carbon Capture and Storage
This gave rise to a few projects, mostly about storage, and mostly in the second half of FP5
Background Background –– Previous Framework ProgrammesPrevious Framework Programmes
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 16
FP5 Project PortfolioProject Topic cost funding co-ord.
(m€) (m€)
CAPTURE AZEP Advanced membrane cycles 9.3 3.4 Alstom- GRACE Capture in processes 3.2 2.1 BPSEQUESTRATION GESTCO Sequestration Potential 3.8 1.9 GEUS- CO2STORE SACS2 follow-up on land 2.4 1.2 Statoil- NASCENT Natural storage analogues 3.3 1.9 BGS- RECOPOL Enhanced coal bed methane 3.4 1.7 TNOSEQ. MONITORING WEYBURN Weyburn monitoring 2.2 1.2 BGS- SACS2 Monitoring Sleipner 2.1 1.2 StatoilNETWORKING CO2NET ERA Dimension - networking 2.1 1.4 Tech.
TOTALS 31.8 16.0
Background Background –– Previous Framework ProgrammesPrevious Framework Programmes
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 17
Sleipner - CO2 injection into the Utsira formation – source : Statoil.
Commission project monitoring the CO2 after injection
Background Background –– Previous Framework ProgrammesPrevious Framework Programmes
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 18
A Priority in Long Term Energy R&D in FP6 (2002-2006)Capture and sequestration of CO2, associated with cleaner fossil fuel plants.
Targets: reduce the cost of CO2 capture from 50-60 € to 20-30 € per tonne of CO2 captured, whilst aiming at achieving capture rates above 90%, and assess the reliability and long term stability of sequestration.
Current Activities Current Activities –– FP6FP6
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 19
on-going projects
7141/1/0436Univ. ofStuttgart
1.9Innovative in-situ CO2 capture
technology for solid fuel gasification
STREP
ISCC
7131/4/0460BGS6Network of excellence on
geological sequestration of CO2
NoECO2GEONET
12301/2/0448IFP8.5CO2 from capture to storage
IPCASTOR
9331/3/0460Vattenfall10.7Enhanced capture of CO2
IPENCAP
8141/4/0460PostdamResearch
C
8.7In-situ laboratory for capture and
sequestration of CO2
IPCO2SINK
No of countries
No of Partners
StartDuration(months)
Coordinator
EU funding
(M€)
TitleType of
Action
Project Acronym
Current Activities Current Activities –– FP6FP6
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 20
CO2 capture and hydrogen production from gaseous fuels (IP)CACHET
The monitoring and verification of CO2 geological storage (IP)CO2REMOVE
Preparing for large scale H2 production from decarbonised fossil fuels including CO2 geological storage (IP) (HYPOGEN PHASE1)DYNAMIS
Advanced separation techniques (STREP)CLC GAS POWER, C3-Capture, DeSANNS, HY2SEPS
Mapping geological CO2 storage potential matching sources and sinks (STREP) EU GeoCapacity
THIS LIST WITH THE PREVIOUS ONE MEANS THAT ABOUT 70m€ WERE COMMITTED UNDER FP6 – FOR A TOTAL RTD EFFORT OF ABOUT 130m€
FP6 Third call –Dec. 2004 –New Proposals under negotiation
Current Activities Current Activities –– FP6FP6
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 21
Summary of Action in FP6Projects and activities launched worth more than 130 M€Growth Initiative – “Quickstart” Programme : Hypogen
Co-ordination of member states activities, ERA-NET (FENCO)
International Cooperation : The Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum
FP6 Last Call by Sept. 2005 on Complementary Activities and preparation for FP7
Current Activities Current Activities –– FP6FP6
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 22
THE CSLF
A US initiative, about 20 countries, including the UK, Italy, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Denmark and Norway, plus the EC. (Greece has applied)A charter to promote research and technological development in CO2 C+S, signed in Washington on June 25, 2003The CSLF has also met in January 2004 in Rome and September 2004 in MelbourneThe next major meeting is planned end of September 2005 in BerlinThe EC holds preparatory and co-ordination meetings with European Member States before each CSLF event
International ActivitiesInternational Activities
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 23
Co-ordinationof Member States Activities
Building the ERA:
Following ERA-NET SSA (FENCO) on the co-ordination for national programmes, large scale power generation, lead by Germany (BMWA) and the UK (DTI), ERA-NET CA programme involves 13 Member States
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 24
1. b. Energy Research in FP7
-What we are planning to do
THIS SECTION REFLECTS THE STATE OF AFFAIRS OF FP7 AS OF OCT 05 – THINGS CAN CHANGE
!
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 25
RTD policy drivers
LISBON(March 2000)
Most competitive and dynamic knowledge-
based economy by 2010
BARCELONA(March 2002)
Need to boost RTDAim: 3% of EU GDP by 2010 (2/3 private)
BUILDING THE EUROPE OF KNOWLEDGE
European Research Area
Energy Research in FP7Energy Research in FP7
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 26
CooperationCollaborative research actions
– support schemes
Collaborativeresearch
Joint Technology Initiatives
Coordination of national research programmes
ERA-NETERA-NET+Article 169
International Cooperation
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 27
Energy - Proposed Priorities topics:
Hydrogen and fuel cellsRenewable electricity generationRenewable fuel productionRenewables for heating and coolingCO2 capture and storage technologies for zero emission power generation Clean coal technologiesSmart energy networksEnergy savings and energy efficiencyKnowledge for energy policy making
Energy Research in FP7Energy Research in FP7
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 28
Clean Power Generation in FP7
Key considerations(Valid for the EU and worldwide)
Fossil fuels projected to be an important part of power generation mix in the decades to come
Environmental compatibility : need to drastically reduce CO2 emissions for transition to sustainability
Huge projected demand for new generation capacity : European industry should be highly competitive
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 29
Clean Power Generation in FP7
CO2 Capture and Storage technologies for zero emission power generationTo drastically reduce the environmental impact of fossil fuel use aiming at highly efficient power generation plants with near zero emissions based on CO2 capture and storage technologies.
Clean Coal TechnologiesTo substantially improve plant efficiency, reliability and cost through development and demonstration of clean coal conversion technologies
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 30
Tentative Timetable for FP7
06/04/05 Commission – Adoption of FP7 proposals
09/05 Commission – Proposals on SPs and Rules for participation and dissemination
Late 2005 Commission – Proposals under Articles 169 and 171 and Executive Agencies
01/06 Council – Common position
06/06 Council and EP – Adoption of FP and Rules
07/06 Council – Adoption of the SPs
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 31
The Technology Platform for Zero Emission Fossil Fuels Power Plants
ZEFFPP- A Strategic Item
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 32
To drastically reduce the environmental impact of fossil fuel use, particularly coal , aiming at highly efficient power generation plants with near zero emissions. This will include CO2 capture and storage, as well as clean conversion technologies leading to substantial improvement in plant efficiency, reliability and costs. .
Scope
The technology PlatformThe technology Platform
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 33
Stakeholders getting together to define a Common Vision and a Research Agenda on key strategically important issues with high societal relevance where achieving Europe’s future growth, competitiveness and sustainability objectives is dependent upon major research and technological advances in the medium to long term.
ConceptThe technology PlatformThe technology Platform
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 34
TP ZEFFPP Action
EU Clean Fossil Power InitiativeAiming for critical mass actionEuropean Technology Platform established with ECMajor input to EC FP7 (2006-2013)
TP ZEFFPP Advisory Council formed 21Jun05
6 Generators : EoN, Endesa,ENEL, RWE, Vattenfall, Energie E2 6 Equipment suppliers : Ansaldo, ALSTOM, Air Liquide, Foster Wheeler, Mitsui Babcock, Siemens5 oil/gas companies : BP, Shell, Statoil, Total, Schlumberger5 researchers and 3 NGOsEC DGRTD, DGTREN, DGENV
Vice Chairs : Appert/IFPValero/CIRCESoothill/ALSTOMHill/BP
Chair : Haege/Vattenfall
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 35
TP ZEFFPP Structure and Key Outputs
Advisory Council
Plant &CO2-Capture
Communication & Public Acceptance
Infrastructure &Environment
CO2-Use &Storage
Member State Mirror Group Secretariat
Strategic Research Agenda
Deployment Strategy
Coordination Group
Market, Regulation & Policy
Technical and non-technical issues will be addressed
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 36
European Technology Platform (TP)Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants
Background and ObjectivesIndustry-led initiative, wide range of stakeholders involvedTPs to provide strategic input to EU Framework ProgrammesCritical mass R&D initiativePossibly Joint Technology Initiative (JTI) for demonstration plant
State of PlayAdvisory Council: strong high-level industry commitmentVision: carbon abatement with CCS and efficiency increasesMatrix structure established for TP work
OutlookLaunch event in Brussels 1st December 2005Strategic Research Agenda (SRA): April 2006Deployment Strategy (DS): June 2006
Sustainable Energy SystemsEuropean CO2 Capture & Storage Conference, Brussels April 2005 Slide n° 37
Implementation:
Strategy Research Agenda
Launch the Technology Platform
Joint Vision
Advisory Council and Terms of Reference. Possible Creation of MG and GA.
Consultation with main initiators and stakeholders
20062005Initial 18 months
Tentative Time Table
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 38
Expected benefits of the TP (1)
TPs should :Structure and integrate EU research towards achieving shared vision and objectives (ERA)Establish EU in leadership position at global level -international co-operation vs. competitionSupport and increase overall (EU+MS+private) RTDinvestment in the field (leveraging resources through public-private partnerships)
Thereby supporting Thereby supporting EU’sEU’s Lisbon and Barcelona objectivesLisbon and Barcelona objectives
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 39
Expected benefits of a TP (2)
TPs should also:Accelerate the generation of new knowledge, innovationand the uptake of research and technologies;Remove obstacles to deployment at EU, MS, regional and local levels;Contribute to achieving a coherent and consistent policy and regulatory framework;Increase attractiveness of EU for researchers and investors;Increase public awareness, understanding and acceptance.
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 40
CONCLUSIONS
In consolidating its leading position in Clean Power In consolidating its leading position in Clean Power Generation, Europe needs to :Generation, Europe needs to :
Boost investment on research and technology development Integrate fragmented, private and public (national, European) effortsWork together towards a vision shared by all relevant stakeholders, including European society and governmentsFace jointly the challenges and opportunities of international cooperation and competition
The «The « Zero EmissionsZero Emissions Fossil Fuel Power Plants» TP and FP7 are key Fossil Fuel Power Plants» TP and FP7 are key elements to address these needs in the months and years to elements to address these needs in the months and years to comecome
Sustainable Energy Systems Slide n° 41
Stay Informed about theTechnology Platform ZEFFPP and Events and Publications in CO2
Capture and Storage
Energy Research on Europahttp://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/index_en.html
The Technology Platform on Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants
http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/nn/nn_rt/nn_rt_co/article_2268_en.htm
CORDIS EC research programmes and projectshttp://www.cordis.lu
Role and Perspective of Coal Role and Perspective of Coal in Power Generation in Italyin Power Generation in Italy
Marcello Capra
Ministry of Productive Activities
Directorate-General of Energy and Mineral Resources
European Conference AD700, Milan, 27 October, 2005
Coal in Italy (2004)
• Total Imports: 25.7 Mt (+ 16%)• Steam coal imports: 19.3 Mt (+22%)• Electricity generation : 45.5 TWh (+ 17%)• Consumption for electricity: 17 Mt
Electricity Generation
Primary Energy Sources Contribution (%)to 2004 Electricity Generation (303 TWh)
15%
15%
43%
7%
20%
C o a lOi lN a t u r a l Ga sOt h e r sR e n e w a b l e s
The background
• Italy is highly dependent for oil and gas supply on external sources
• Energy prices in Italy are on the average higher than in the rest of OECD Europe
• Complex administrative procedures and strong local opposition against energy infrastructures
The long-term trends• Emphasise energy diversification while
coping with environmental concerns• Continue the process of liberalisation of the
electricity market towards retail market• Increase security of energy supply• Reduce energy prices and tariffs• Streamline the authorisation procedures
The perspective of coal
• Short-term: keep existing fleet in service:– Switch from oil to coal– Reduce carbon intensity and pollutants
• Long-term: transition to near-zero emissions– Advanced materials– Ultra-high efficiency systems– CO2 capture and storage
The new issues for coal in Italy
• Facing Emission trading and National allocation plan at EU level (Directive2003/87/EC)
• Development of a long-term vision strategy• Development of a new technology roadmap for
PCC and ZETs
Italy Reference Scenario Electricity Generation
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
Others
Coal
Renewables
Oil
Natural gas
Clean Coal Technologies• High fragmentation of R&D activities• Cooperation among R&D Centres,
Universities and industries necessary• International cooperation necessary• Funding:
– European Commission – Ministries– Fund for R&D on the Electricity System
Sulcis Coal Initiative
• 2nd International Conference on CCTs• R&D National Centre on CCTs• Sulcis coal syngas production with CO2 and
hydrogen separation• Integrated project of power generation from
Sulcis coal for low-cost electricity supply
International cooperation
• International Energy Agency• Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum• International Partnership on Hydrogen
Economy• Methane to Markets Partnership• FutureGen Project
Power generation from coal and competitiveness in Europe and Italy
Cesi ConferenceAD700 - Advanced (700°C) PF Power Plant:
A Clean Coal European TechnologyMilan, 27 october 2005
Andrea ClavarinoChairman Assocarboni
assocarboni@assocarboni.itwww.assocarboni.it
Coal in global power generation
Coal38%
Oil7%Gas
20%
Nuclear Energy16%
Others19%
Of 16,660 TWh worldwide power generation 38% comes from coal
Source: IEA, 2004
Coal in EU-25’s power generation
Coal33%
Oil5%
Gas18%
Nuclear Energy31%
Others13%
33% of power (3.005 TWh) generated in EU-25 in 2004 comes from coal
Source: EUROSTAT, Verein der Kohlenimporteure, EURACOAL member states
Market of Hard Coal and Lignite 2003:930 Million Tons
AustriaBelgiumDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceIrelandItalyLuxembourgNetherlandsPortugalSpainSwedenUnited-KingdomEU-15Czech -RepublicCyprusEstoniaHungaryLatviaLithuaniaMaltaPolandSloveniaSlovakiaEU-AccedingEU-25BulgariaRomaniaSerbiaTurkeyTOTAL
----
1,728,8
------
13,1-
27,871,414,2
--
0,7---
100,4--
115,3186,7
2,62,5-
2,2194,0
1,2----
179,168,2
-----
8,1--
256,650,5
--
13,4---
60,94,73,4
132,9389,524,630,132,059,0
535,2
HARD COALPRODUCTION
LIGNITEPRODUCTION
COALIMPORTSCOUNTRY
3.99.39.5
10.116.634.90.72.5
20.50.1
21.65.3
21.53.0
32.1191.6
1.2--
1.0---
2.5-
4.99.6
201.24.03.3-
15.5224
Italy2,6% of the European consumption (22 Million Tons of which 5 Million from Coking Coal)
Power Production in EuropePower Production in TWh
203020201995
203020201995
37.40.936.18.517.0
23.11.537.322.315.9
34.07.79.035.114.1
Solid FuelsOilGasNuclearOther Energy Forms
1767361416335144035016753919
76054131678799033412253531
669178324810330286322306
Solid FuelsOilGasNuclearBiomass/WasteNew FuelsHydroWindOther RenewablesTOTAL
Source: European Comm. 2000
Italy6% approximately of European production (39 TWh)
Regasification Capacity:Comparison Italy vs. Europe
4
Present ratio between regasification capacity and gas consumption
Regasification capacity(2000 - Mld mc/year)
Year 2007:Energy Dependenceof Italian Power System
Power Generationby Natural Gas: 60%
ALGERIA + RUSSIA =61.5 (Mc/A) = 66%
Coal is the strategic option:competitive and stable
the most competitive
the most stable and predictable
on the costs
without geoplitical and
speculative price effects
COAL
olio (STZ) gas (CCGT) orimulsion coal
05
1015202530354045
80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Brent Gas
Coal
Enviromentalization of coal power plants
Enviromental achievements in emissions reductions:
2004- 80%- 60%- 75%
100%
SO2
NOxDustsRecoveryAshes
Emission reduction as compared to 1998
4 billions of Euro of investments in the period 1998-2004
• All the big power stations are equipped with systems for the reduction of the polluting emissions:
- desulphurizers
- denitrification systems
- dusts elimination systems
The installed plants are among the most efficient and modern in the World
• Emissions under the existing legislative limitations
• Emissions of the Italian power plants are among the lowest in Europe
• The plants are among the most efficient and modern in the world (highest avarage efficiencies in Europe)
CO2 Emissions
- ITALY: - 7,6% COMPARED TO 1990 (Source: Relazione Autorità per l’Energia Elettrica ed il Gas)
- WORLD: 22.741,7 M/TONs
- ITALY: 25,58 M/TONs (from Coal Production) ⇒
0,10% of the total in the world
1
R&D on Coal Power Generation in Italy
European Conference
AD700 - Advanced (700°C) PF Power Plant:
A Clean Coal European Technology
Pietro Barbucci
Enel Research
Milan 27th October, 2005
22
Electricity generation in Italy
R&D activities in coal fired generation
Efficiency
Environment
CO2 reduction, capture and storage
Hydrogen
Outline
33
Electricity generation in ItalyProvisional data 2004 (GRTN)
Total gross production in Italy: 300.4 TWh (Enel-GEM 126 TWh)
Total gross production including import: 346 TWh
Import
National Production
Thermal production
Hydro production
Wind, photovoltaic andgeothermal production
85.80%
Import14.20%
68.60%
14.90%
2.30%
44
Enel-GEM production fuel mix(*)
(*) Analyst presentation in Rome (March 31st, 2005)
Enel believes that the use of
clean coal technologies is
crucial for maintaining
competitiveness and
sustaining long term
profitability.
24% 27% 30%
22%25%
50%9%
19%
20%
45%
29%
2002 2004 Target
Oil and Gas ST/OCGT
Gas CCGT
Coal
Renewables
66
The strategy
Coal must remain a key fuel source for power generation. The future of
coal fired generation depends on continuous improvements in thermal
efficiency.
New materials and manufacturing capabilities
Significant process efficiency improvement
USC-PF
IGCC
EFCC
77
Efficiency - USC - pf
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Year
Max
SH
Ste
am T
empe
ratu
re, °
C
⊗
Recent USC p.f. boilers Studstrup (DK) 540/540
Maatsura 1 (J) 538/566
Esbjerg (DK) 560/560
Schwarze Pumpe (D) 547/565
Maatsura 2 (J) 593/593
Haramachi 2 (J) 600/600
Nordjylland (DK) 580/580/580
Boxberg (D) 545/581
Tachibanawan 1 (J) 600/610
Avedore (DK) 580/600
Niederaussem (D) 580/600
Hekinan (J) 568/593
Isogo (J) 600/610
Torrevaldaliga (I) 600/610⊗Hitachinaka (J) 600/600
Huyan (China)
Studstrup (DK) 540/540
Maatsura 1 (J) 538/566
Esbjerg (DK) 560/560
Schwarze Pumpe (D) 547/565
Maatsura 2 (J) 593/593
Haramachi 2 (J) 600/600
Nordjylland (DK) 580/580/580
Boxberg (D) 545/581
Tachibanawan 1 (J) 600/610
Avedore (DK) 580/600
Niederaussem (D) 580/600
Hekinan (J) 568/593
Isogo (J) 600/610
Torrevaldaliga (I) 600/610⊗Hitachinaka (J) 600/600
Huyan (China)
88
Development needs in USC - pf
Advanced material and components to reach efficiencies
greater than 50%
A demo 700 °C plant is necessary, to maintain EU industry
competitiveness on Japan, US and, in the future, China
1010
Net Efficiency: 42.2%
IGCC - Puertollano 335 MW operating results
6000 operating hours at full power
1111
Developments needed in IGCC
TG
Sulphur
GASIF.Coal
Ashes
Boiler recovery
TV
Water
Steam
Fouling
ASU
Air
Oxygen
AirGas
CO
Improved feeding and handling systems
Cheaper, less energy consuming O2separation systems
Prime enabling technology for increasing efficiency
Nitrogen
Gasifier component development, materials and refractories
Gas cleaninghigh temper.
filtration
1212
Simplify the systems
Improve efficiency and availability
Reduce costs
Utilities need a ”new generation” full scale prototype
Developments needed in IGCC, cont.
1313
To increase the efficiency of solid fuel and oil residue utilization
Externally Fired Combined Cycle - EFCC
Ceramic heat exchanger
FilterHRSG
COMB
CO GTST GE1GE2
Fuel
1400 °C600 °C120 °C
1250 °C
600 °C
570 °C
420 °C
Airη 52%
1717
Clean combustion
TEA® – ∆NOx 50%4.400 MW
retrofitted plants
Reburning - ∆NOx 70%7.120 MWe
retrofitted plants
To study NOx formation kinetic to develop Low-NOx combustion systems
NOx formation kinetic
“Industria e Ambiente”Award
OSSICIANOGENI(OCN,HNCO)
NOX
N2
IDROCARBONICIFRAMMENTI
CH, CH2
COMPOSTIETEROCICLICI AZOTATI
SPECIE AMMONIACALI(NH3, NH2, NH,
N)
CIANOGENI(HCN, CN)
NOX
N2
N2O
H
ARIA COMBUSTIBILE
FUMI
1818
The evolution in the environmental field
Nitrogen oxides
Sulphur oxides
Particulate
Heavy metals
Organic pollutants
Ultrafine particulate
From acid rains to effects on health
1919
The strategy
Tightening regulations will require advanced solutions for improving
environmental compliance as regards micropollutants.
Mercury & heavy metals
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
Ultra-fine particulate
2121
The synergistic effect
Each component in the flue gas cleaning section is
designed to remove a specific pollutant but,
besides this, can also have a beneficial effect on
other macro and micro pollutants, substantially
increasing the global abatement performance.
2222
Mercury transformation
ESP DeSOx
ChimneyDeNOx
Hg0
Hg0 Hg0Hg0 (g)
Hg Cl2(g)Hg O
Hg(p)
Hg Cl2Hg OHg SO4
Hg S
Hg2+
2323
The synergistic action on Mercury
Emission limit: Hg+Cd+Tl=200 µg/Nm3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n(µ
g/N
m3 )
Boiler ESP DeSOx
0.8 µg/Nm3
Hg pHg 2+Hg 0
DeNOx
94% abatement
2424
VOC and Heavy Metals
ESP or FF
WFGDChimneySCR
M0
M++
M SO4
OxidationAbsorption and
AbatementAdsorption and
Abatement
Catalytic materials forVOC and Hg oxidation Sorbents Additives Measurement
Understanding the chemistry
Enhancing the synergistic effect of APCDs
Developing specific technology to zero emission
2525
Ultrafine particles
New material
Microporesurface
To study the formation process
To develop new technologies
2727
The strategy
Efficiency
Biomass co-combustion
Process residues utilization
Capture and storage
To use all means to reduce CO2 emissions:
2828
The efficiency effect on CO2 emissions
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
EFFICIENCY, %
Spec
ific
Emis
sion
ofC
O2
(kg/
kWh)
COMBINED CYCLE1°GENERATION
ACTUALCOMBINED CYCLE
UNIFIED CYCLE320-600 MW
ULTRASUPERCRITICALCYCLE
GAS TURBINEOPEN CYCLE
STEAM CYCLES30-70 MW
Mid term objectives
2929
Biomass co-utilization
Biomass + coal
Co-combustion
Co-gasification
Pyrolysis
Coal generation assets will remain the backbone of the electric
industry in the medium term and might provide the route for the
development of large scale biomass consumption
3030
Development needs in biomass co-utilization
Energy cropsHandling,
storage and preparation
Co-utilization
Develop a reliable feedstock production
Quantify cost and productivity
Large scale demonstration
Develop and standardize handling components
Evaluate cost/benefits of different solutions (chips, pellets)
Large scale demonstration of different concepts
3131
Process residues utilization
Advanced solutions for reducing environmental impact of
residues.
coal ash valorization
high value utilization
3232
Developments in coal ash valorization
Ash quality
Cement1(*)
Concrete50(*)
(*) Relative values
Unburnt
FinenessCO2 reduction ~5%
Special concrete150(*)
Micronized ashes as
substitute of silica-
fume for high
performance
concretes.
3434
A sustainable future for coal will only be achieved with the
development of near zero emissions technologies. Together with
efficiency increases, cost effective carbon abatement technologies must
be developed to support future power generation together with the
proof of safe, long-term CO2 storage and its acceptance (critical step)
Post-combustion capture
Oxy-firing to enhance CO2 capture
Multi-function IGCC – H2 production
CO2 capture and storage
3535
Development needs in post-combustion capture
Air
COAL
COAL
CO2 storage
Flue gas
Cryogenicprocesses
Membranes
Absorption
Lower cost
Less energy intensive process
Large-scale demonstration
3636
Development needs in oxy-combustion
Lower cost
Less energy consumingO2 separation system
O2
AIR
CO2 storage
N2
COAL
O2
CO2
CO2
CO2
COAL
Combustion control
Heat transfer
Effect of concentrated CO2 gas streams on boiler (corrosion, fouling and slagging)
3838
Infrastructures
Enel vision on Hydrogen
Enel ownsProduce H2 from coal in the existing power
plants cutting investment and operating costs
Use H2 in high efficiency and zero emission
cogeneration cycles
Accumulate energy through H2 production by
high efficiency electrolysis and storage
Know-how
to
3939
Hydrogen from coal
Reducing capital cost
Improving reliability and flexibility
Increasing plant efficiency
Air
Coal
Steam
CO2+H2
SteamG
assi
fica
tore
O2
Gas
ifie
r
Gascleaning
COShift
Separation
H2
StorageCO2
StorageStorageN2
Oxygenproduction
Co-gasification of coal, biomass and residue
Increase of H2 conversion Hot gas clean-up
Pressure swing adsorption
Cathalitic process
Cryogenic process
Key issues
4040
Pyrolytic cracking - A new way
Pyro
lyze
r
Co
mb
ust
or
Ref
orm
Coal
Steam
Inert + Char
Air
CO2
Shif
t
H2
Char to power station
Sep.
Filtration
Volatile matter
4141
Hydrogen CC – A demo project in Venice
CO GT GE
CC
Air
Flue gas (N2 e O2)
Hydrogen
Steam343°C 25 bar
H2O 32,6°C
H2O
H2O 53°C
41°C
Steam
41°C
H2O 89°C
Low NOx combustion
16 MWe
High efficiency
Low emissions
AD 700 Advanced 700 oC P F Power Plant
Advanced 700 oC PF Power PlantStatus
CESI, Milan 27 October 2005
Jørgen BuggeElsam Engineering
AD 700 Advanced 700 oC P F Power Plant
Elsam – development in efficiency
1950 19701960 19901980 20202000 201030323436384042444648
5250
54565860%
Commissioning Year
Esbjerg 3 Nordjyllandsværket
Fynsv. 7
“250 MW”
Studstrup 3/4Ensted 3
Line of Steel
Line of Super Alloys
Wet CoolingTowersReduce NetEfficiency asShown in theDiagram by~1.5% Point.
AD 700 Advanced 700 oC P F Power Plant
AD 700 history
• The idea is to develop the traditional steam plant with pulverized fuel (PF) boiler to advanced steam parameters of 700 C and 350 bar by using Nickel based materials for the highest temperatures.
• Idea presented at a COST meeting summer 1994.
• Preproject financed by EU 1996 – 97.
AD 700 Advanced 700 oC P F Power Plant
AD 700 Results in phase 11998-2004
• Materials identified.• Materials test started and most of them
completed.• Thermodynamical cycle agreed upon.• Feasibility study shows competitiveness.• New boiler concepts, which reduces the
amount of superalloys.
AD 700 Advanced 700 oC P F Power Plant
AD 700 Goals in phase 22002-2006
• Design and test of critical components.• Further study of innovative designs to
reduce the amount of superalloys.• Concept for a test facility (phase 3)• Business plans for a commercial plant.
AD 700 Advanced 700 oC P F Power Plant
AD 700-3 = COMTES700Component Test Facility in Scholven F
• Test of– Evaporator panel– Superheater panel– Headers and steam line– Bypass valve– Safety valve– Turbine inlet valve
• Operation 2005 to 2009.• Esbjerg Test Rig is started October 2004
parallel to COMTES 700 (100% financed by the Emax group).
AD 700 Advanced 700 oC P F Power Plant
Time schedule
Description 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
Conceptual feasibility
Material property demonstration
Basic design for Phase 3
Material property demonstration
FENCO. ( ERA, National Programmes)
Emax - CTF (COMTES700)
Construction of full scale demo plant
Operation of demo plant + feed back
AD 700 Advanced 700 oC P F Power Plant
Full Scale Demonstration Plant
• Increased competition has reduced the willingness to take risk both among manufacturers and generating companies.
• Big increase in raw material prices and low market volume leads to very high prices for the Nickel-based materials.
• Cooperation and support from EU is necessary to reduce risk to an acceptable level.
AD 700 Advanced 700 oC P F Power Plant
Full Scale Demonstration Plant
• AD 700 has shown that cooperation among competitors is possible.
• It is necessary to start work next year on the definition/specification of the Full Scale Demonstration Plant and how a consortium can be set up.
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