propaganda
Post on 18-Jan-2016
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PropagandaPropaganda
information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person,
group, movement, institution, nation, etc.
Effects of WarBoundaries of European nations were redrawn
Old Empires disappeared – Russia, Ottoman, German, Austria-Hungary
New nations emerged – Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia (Russia), Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia (Austria-Hungary), Poland (Germany, Russia)
Aristocratic politics were now a thing of the past Czar was gone in Russia, Kaiser gone in Germany,
Emperor gone in AustriaAfter 4 years of fighting, European governments were
nearly bankrupt
CasualtiesApprox. 65 million soldiers fought in the
war 9.7 million soldiers killed 21 million wounded (30 million total
casualties) 117,465* US Deaths 205,690 US Wounded
12 million civilians casualties (disease, starvation)
Flu Pandemic (1918-19) 20-40 million dead worldwide
TOTAL DEAD
~625,000
~405,000
~117,000
Peace of ParisJanuary 1919, delegates from 27 nations
gathered to create peace treaties Germany was not invited
The “Big Four” made most of the decisions:
US – Woodrow Wilson Urged the convention to adopt the LEAGUE OF
NATIONS Great Britain - David Lloyd George France - Georges Clemenceau Italy – Vittorio Orlando
Wilson was idealistic; others were nationalistic
(remember how nationalism caused war?)
Treaty of Versailles--1919“War Guilt” – Germany was to blame for war
Germans to pay $31 billion reparations (amounted to 38% of her national wealth)
100,000 man army; banned draft & manufacturing of major weapons
“Mandates” Lost land to France, Poland, Britain, and more These nations now had control or “mandate” over
these formally German lands
Treaty of VersaillesGermany was forced to give away 13%
of her territory
Treaty of VersaillesGermany was forced to give away 13%
of her territory This meant the loss of: 6 million people 65% of iron ore reserves 45% of her coal 72% of her zinc 10% of her factories
Germany was financially ruined Versailles left Germany bitter…
Treaty of VersaillesUS Senate had to ratify the treaty
However, the Senate refused joined League of Nations
Why? U.S. Senators were uncomfortable putting so power in the hands of an int’l organization and NOT in the hands of U.S. leaders
So, the U.S. never officially signed (ratified) the Treaty of Versailles
Some thought the treaty was too lenient "This is not Peace. It is an Armistice for twenty years.“ –
Marshall Foch (high ranking French military leader)
Some thought it was too harsh…
In Flanders Fields – J. McCraeIn Flanders fields the poppies blow
Between the crosses, row on row, That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, flyScarce heard amid the guns below.
We are the Dead. Short days agoWe lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved, and were loved, and now we lie In Flanders fields.
Take up our quarrel with the foe:To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high. If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields.
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