proper laboratory and data protocols
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Proper Laboratory and Data Protocols
E. Allen FoegedingDepartment of Food, Bioprocessing
and Nutrition SciencesNorth Carolina State University
Welcome to Graduate School
While you are here, would you please….• Develop your mind by exploring the past,
present and future in your academic area• Learn how to formulate and test hypotheses• Conduct and document laboratory research
such that it can be understood by other scientists
• Do this in _ years and produce _ publications• Have fun at the beach and mountains in your
spare time!
2North Carolina State University
Your Mentor
• Everything I need to know about being a faculty mentor I learned from…
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Quotable Einstein
• “The aim [of education] must be the training of independently acting and thinking individuals who however, see in the service to the community their highest life achievement.”
• We want to develop ethically-driven problem solvers!
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Quotable Einstein
• “The school should always have as its aim that the young person leave it as a harmonious personality, not as a specialist.”
• “Otherwise, he – with his specialized knowledge – more closely resembles a well-trained dog than a harmoniously developed person.”
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Duties of Mentor and Student
Mentor• Motivation• Guidance• Assistance• Keep student on the
proper path• Inspiration!?
Student• Self Motivation• Curiosity• Responsible for:
– Experimental design– Collect data– Interpret data– Communicate findings
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Functions of a Laboratory Notebook
• Document your methods– You have a thesis and manuscripts to write
• Document your data– You have a these and manuscripts to write and
defend!• Document observations
– If not written down, they may be lost forever• Establish date of discovery
– It may have to be defended in court
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Laboratory Notebook1. Record procedures2. Record all data
and observations3. Sign and date
each page4. Always write in ink5. Make a table of
contents6. Have each page
read and co-signed
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Guidance From NCSU
Notebook Maintenance (extracted from: http://www.ncsu.edu/sparcs/integrity/ncsu_patent.php)
12. 1. 1 Good practice is to use bound notebooks for records, making entries on a daily basis. This "diary" format provides among other things, a day-to-day chronology.
12. 1. 2 Use the notebook to record a conception (a complete description of an idea to accomplish a particular purpose or result), laboratory data and drawings. Each entry should be headed with a title and continued on successive pages.
12. 1. 3 Make entries in ink and do not erase or use correction fluid to cover errors. Draw a line through text or drawings to be deleted, and enter the material in corrected form. Draw a line through blank spaces on the page.
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Guidance From NCSU
12. 1. 4 Separate sheets and photographs pasted to notebook pages should be referred to in an entry. Material that cannot be incorporated in the notebook should be keyed to an entry.
12. 1. 5 Sign and date all entries at the time they are made, and have them witnessed. A witness must be someone who has read the material and is capable of understanding it, yet has nothing to do with producing it.
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Guidance From NCSU
12. 1. 6 Set aside a time for making notebook entries and faithfully observe it. Arrange to have two or more colleagues serve as witnesses on a consistent, frequent basis.
• Lab notebooks are the property of NC State University and MUST REMAIN IN THE PRIMARY LABORATORY at all times.
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Data Generation –Local Storage
Keep a diary/ notebook of what you did and where it is backed up
Transfer to permanent media periodically
For heaven sakes, organize at least as well as your CD collection
Transfer to permanent media frequently. Store software backups
From: http://www.ncsu.edu/sparcs/compliance/integrity/lab_notebooks_supplement.doc
Electronic storageOf Data
Why? Potential Problems
• Somebody questions the ownership of your data. Can you prove it is yours?
• Your manuscript is reviewed and a reviewer wants to know how you “mixed vigorously” and assured constant mixing.
• You start a job and it is years before you finish your degree.
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Why? Potential Problems
• Your computer files are lost.• The next person in the laboratory
cannot repeat your experiment.• Your patent application is contested by
someone claiming prior invention.• Right before your defense you are put
under a spell and have to be kissed by a royal person to awake!!!!
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You are not alone
• Talk with your advisor about general protocol in your laboratory
• The laboratory notebook is an excellent way to: – Demonstrate productivity– Get feedback– Document future work
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Your Advisor
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NCSU Suggestions for Faculty
• RECORD--Record the scope, hypothesis, experimental design and conclusions for the day.
• REVIEW--Review your entries for the past several days and ensure they are complete.
• INSTRUCT--Document instructions given to students.
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Suggestions Continued
• COUNSEL--Counsel your students on how to maintain lab notebooks and journals.
• THINK--Stop and think about what you and your subordinate scholars are doing, how you are ensuring objectivity.
• DOUBLE CHECK--Check, double check and seriously, triple check your literature searches, references lists and other bibliographical materials.
• HEAL--Shore up adversarial relationships, especially professional ones.
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Be Careful!: Famous Graduate Student Last Words*
Mechanical and Aerospace• I wonder what this button does?Plant Biology• These mushrooms look edible!Zoology• I wonder where the mother bear is?Veterinary Medicine• Nice doggy
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Your Program
• Work Hard• Enjoy your program• May luck always be on your side• Just in case it is not….Record, Record
and Record!
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