properties of fiber

PROPERTIES OF FIBERUneeb Rehman TS-01

COTTON FIBER Tenacity: 3-3.5g/dtex The strength of cotton

fibre is attributed to the good alignment of its long polymers i.e. its polymer system is about 70% crystalline.

Strength: increases when wet (it forms hydrogen bonds), low extension at break 5-7%

Elasticity – Relatively it is elastic due to its crystalline polymer system and for this cause cotton textiles wrinkle and crease readily.

Absorbency: Cotton fiber is composed primarily of cellulose, which is very absorbent.

COTTON FIBER Effects of alkalis – These fibres are resistant to alkalis and are

comparatively unaffected by normal laundering. The resistance is because of the lack of attraction between the cotton polymers and alkalis.

Effect of Acids – Cotton fibres are weakened and destroyed by acids. Acids hydrolyze the cotton polymer at the glycosidic oxygen atom which connects the two glucose units to form the cellobiose unit. Mineral acids being stronger than organic acids will hydrolyse the cotton polymer more quickly 

Effect of Bleaches – The most common bleaches used on cotton textile materials are sodium hypochlorite and sodium perborate

Affinity For Dyes: Cotton has a good affinity for dyes. It is dyed best with vat dyes.

Effect Of Light: Cotton fiber oxidizes, turning yellow and lossing strenght from exposure to sunlight over a protracted period of time.

USES OF COTTON FIBER

JUTE FIBER Ultimate Jute Length: 1.5 to 4 mm. Ultimate Diameter : 0.015 to 0.002 mm. Jute Fiber Length: 150 to 300 CM (5 to 12 Feet). Jute Colour: Jute fiber can be White, Yellow, Brown or Grey. Strength :  3.5 to 5 G/Den. Specific Gravity: 1.48 Moisture Regain : 13.75 % (Standard). Elasticity: Breaking Extension 1.8% and Elastic Recovery

very low. Resiliency: Bad. Dimensional Stability: Good on average. Jute fibre is 100% bio-degradable and recyclable and thus

environmentally friendly. Moisture content value: 12.8% (under standard testing

atmosphere

Uses Of Jute Fiber

PROPERTIES & USES OF SILK

SILK FIBER Effect of sunlight - Silk is more sensitive light

than any other natural fibre. Prolonged exposure to sunlight can cause partially spotted color change. Yellowing of silk fibre is generally occurred due to photo degradation by the action of UV radiation of sunlight.

Heat conductivity: like wool, silk is a protein fibre and is a non-conductor of heat.

Absorbency: Silk fiber can absorb about 11% of its weight in moisture but range varies from 10%-30%.

Luster: high lusterous fiber.

SILK FIBER

Specific gravity: Degummed silk has a specific gravity of 1.25.

Draping quality: silk fibre is flexible enough and if used to make garments then the fabric drapes well

Elongation - Silk fibre has an elongation at break of 20-25% under normal condition. At 100% R.H. the extension at break is 33%.

WOOL FIBER Non allergenic – wool is not known to cause allergy

and does not promote the growth of bacteria. With microscopic scales, wool fibres can trap dust in the top layers until vacuumed away.

Durable and elastic – wool fibre can be bent 20,000 times without breaking and still have the power to recover and return to its natural shape. Quality wool garments look good for longer.

Easy care – modern wool can be machine-washed; retaining a small amount of natural oil, wool fibre resists dirt and grease.

Multi-Climatic – wool acclimatizes to its surroundings.

WOOL FIBER Effect of Resilience: Wool fibers can be

stretched up to 50 percent of their original length when wet and 30 percent when dry. 

Effect of Organic Solvent: Wool does not affect in organic solvents. 

Effects of Insects: Wool affected by insects. 

Effect of bleach: Chlorine bleach is ordinary harmful to the wool. KMnO4, Na2O2 are utilized for bleaching. 

USES OF WOOL FIBER

NYLON FIBER Variation of luster: nylon has the ability to be very

lustrous, semilustrous or dull. Durability: its high tenacity fibers are used for

seatbelts, tire cords, ballistic cloth and other uses. High elongation Excellent abrasion resistance Highly resilient (nylon fabrics are heat-set) Paved the way for easy-care garments H igh resistance to insects, fungi, animals, as well as

molds, mildew, rot and many chemicals Used in carpets and nylon stockings Melts instead of

burning Used in many military applications Good specific strength Transparent to infrared light,

Uses of nylon

ACRYLIC

Excellent optical clarity. Excellent weatherability and

resistance to sunlight. Rigid, with good impact strength. Excellent dimensional stability low mould shrinkage. Stretch forming increases bi-axial

toughness.

USES OF ACRLYIC FIBER

FLAX FIBER Tensile Strength: Linen is a strong fiber. Elongation at break: Linen does not stress easily. Color: The color of linen fiber is yellowish to grey. Length: 18 to 30 inch in length. Lusture: It is brighter than cotton fiber and it is

slightly silky. Easily washed, retains shape Resistant to moths,

oil, and chemicals Dyeable to bright shades with excellent fastness Superior resistance to sunlight degradation

END USES OF FLAX FIBER

POLYSTER Tenacity: dry 3.5-7.0. wet 3.5-7.0 Elognation at break: dry 15-45%, wet 15-45% Moisture regain: 0.4% Shrinkage in boiling water: 0-3% Crimps per inch: 12-14% Dry heat Shrinkage: 5-8 (at 180 C for 20 min) Specific gravity: 1.36- 1.41% Elastic recovery: 2%-5% Melting Point: 260-270 degrees Effect of Sunlight: turns yellow, retains 70-80%

tenacity at long exposure Weight: 1.22-1.38 g/cm3

End uses of Polyester