protist notes
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Protist NotesProtist Notes
Life SciencePgs. 226-235
Life SciencePgs. 226-235
What is a Protist?What is a Protist?
Mostly single-celled eukaryotes that can’t be classified as a plant, an animal, or fungi – some are multi-cellular
Mostly single-celled eukaryotes that can’t be classified as a plant, an animal, or fungi – some are multi-cellular
Three Protist Categories
Three Protist Categories
1. Animal-like2. Plant-like3. Fungus-like
1. Animal-like2. Plant-like3. Fungus-like
Animal-like ProtistsAnimal-like Protists
Heterotrophs - get energy from other organisms
Able to move to obtain foodMade of cells with a nucleus & no cell wall - just like an animal cell
ProtozoanUnicellular - one cell
Heterotrophs - get energy from other organisms
Able to move to obtain foodMade of cells with a nucleus & no cell wall - just like an animal cell
ProtozoanUnicellular - one cell
4 Main Groups of Animal-like Protists4 Main Groups of
Animal-like Protists1. Sarcodines2. Ciliates 3. Flagellates4. Parasites
1. Sarcodines2. Ciliates 3. Flagellates4. Parasites
1. Sarcodines1. Sarcodines
Animal-like protist that moves to obtain food
They feed using a pseudopod (“false foot”)
Many have shells- forminiferans & radiolarians - fossils - limestone, marble, and chalk
Example - Amoeba
Animal-like protist that moves to obtain food
They feed using a pseudopod (“false foot”)
Many have shells- forminiferans & radiolarians - fossils - limestone, marble, and chalk
Example - Amoeba
PseudopodPseudopod
Means “false foot”It is a temporary bulging/extension of the cell
It is used to capture and engulf food
It is used to move
Means “false foot”It is a temporary bulging/extension of the cell
It is used to capture and engulf food
It is used to move
Contractile VacuoleContractile Vacuole
A structure that collects and expels extra water from the cell
A structure that collects and expels extra water from the cell
Amoeba ProteusAmoeba Proteus
Proteus was the Greek god of the sea that could change shape!
Proteus was the Greek god of the sea that could change shape!
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Contractile Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Pseudopod
Food Vacuole
AmoebaAmoeba
Amoeba MovementAmoeba Movement
2. Ciliates2. Ciliates
Animal-like protist that use cilia to move and eat
Example - Paramecium
Animal-like protist that use cilia to move and eat
Example - Paramecium
CiliaCilia
Hair-like projections from the cell that move with a wavelike motion
They work together like an oar, which beat to move
It sweeps food to the ciliatesThey are sensors when they touch an object
Hair-like projections from the cell that move with a wavelike motion
They work together like an oar, which beat to move
It sweeps food to the ciliatesThey are sensors when they touch an object
ParameciumParameciumCilia
3. Flagellates3. Flagellates
Animal-like protists that use flagella (whip-like tail structure)
They can have one or more flagella
Animal-like protists that use flagella (whip-like tail structure)
They can have one or more flagella
4. Parasites4. Parasites
Animal-like protists that feed on the cells and body fluids of their host
Many of them have more than one host
Animal-like protists that feed on the cells and body fluids of their host
Many of them have more than one host
Plant-like ProtistsPlant-like Protists
Commonly called algaeAutotroph - uses the sun’s energy to produce its own food
Some are unicellularSome are multicellular - more than 1 cell
There are 7 main types
Commonly called algaeAutotroph - uses the sun’s energy to produce its own food
Some are unicellularSome are multicellular - more than 1 cell
There are 7 main types
7 Main Types7 Main Types
1. Algae2. Diatoms3. Dinoflagellates4. Euglenoids5. Red Algae6. Green Algae7. Brown Algae
1. Algae2. Diatoms3. Dinoflagellates4. Euglenoids5. Red Algae6. Green Algae7. Brown Algae
1. Algae1. Algae
Plant-like protistsVERY IMPORTANT in oxygen production
Plant-like protistsVERY IMPORTANT in oxygen production
2. Diatoms2. Diatoms
Unicellular protists with glass-like cell walls
Float near the surface of lakes and oceans
Move by oozing chemicals out of slits in their cell walls
Used in household scouring products and insecticides
Unicellular protists with glass-like cell walls
Float near the surface of lakes and oceans
Move by oozing chemicals out of slits in their cell walls
Used in household scouring products and insecticides
3. Dinoflagellates3. Dinoflagellates
Unicellular algae surrounded by stiff plates (suit or armor)
They come in a variety of colors (many glow in the dark)
All have two flagella held in grooves between the plates
They can be seen when a boat travels
through the ocean
Unicellular algae surrounded by stiff plates (suit or armor)
They come in a variety of colors (many glow in the dark)
All have two flagella held in grooves between the plates
They can be seen when a boat travels
through the ocean
4. Euglenoids4. Euglenoids
Green, unicellular algae found mostly in fresh water
It has one animal-like characteristic -
it can be an autotroph
or heterotroph
Green, unicellular algae found mostly in fresh water
It has one animal-like characteristic -
it can be an autotroph
or heterotroph
5. Red Algae5. Red Algae
Multicellular sea weedIt only needs a small amount of sunlight
It is used in hair conditioner
and ice creamIt can grow more
than 260 meters below sea level
Multicellular sea weedIt only needs a small amount of sunlight
It is used in hair conditioner
and ice creamIt can grow more
than 260 meters below sea level
6. Green Algae6. Green Algae
Contains a green pigmentUnicellular organismForms colonies - groupsA few are multicellularThe ones that live on
the land and closely related to plants
Contains a green pigmentUnicellular organismForms colonies - groupsA few are multicellularThe ones that live on
the land and closely related to plants
7. Brown Algae7. Brown Algae
Sea weed with many pigmentsIt has many plant-like structures
Sea weed with many pigmentsIt has many plant-like structures
Fungus-like ProtistsFungus-like Protists
HeterotrophsThey have cell wallsThey use spores to reproduceSpores - A tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism
Two Main Types: 1. Slime Mold
2. Water Molds and Downy Molds
HeterotrophsThey have cell wallsThey use spores to reproduceSpores - A tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism
Two Main Types: 1. Slime Mold
2. Water Molds and Downy Molds
1. Slime Mold1. Slime Mold
Brightly coloredLive in moist, shady placesThey are tiny in size to
several meters long
Brightly coloredLive in moist, shady placesThey are tiny in size to
several meters long
2. Water Molds and Downy Molds
2. Water Molds and Downy Molds
Most live in waterThey grow in tiny threads that look like fuzz
Water Mold
Downy Mold
Most live in waterThey grow in tiny threads that look like fuzz
Water Mold
Downy Mold
Works CitedWorks CitedAmoeba Picture. “Protists.” The Biology Web. 18 April 2006. 10 Feb. 2009.
<http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/protists/amoeba%20movement%202%20(150%20kbs).wmv >
Amoeba Video. “Protists.” The Biology Web. 18 April 2006. 10 Feb. 2009.
<http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/protists/amoeba%20movement%202%20(150%20kbs).wmv >
Carl. Protist Pictures. “Protists.” Mr. Carl’s e-Class. 10 Feb. 2009. <http://www.lanesville.k12.in.us/lcsyellowpages/Tickit/Carl/protists.html#Plant >
Amoeba Picture. “Protists.” The Biology Web. 18 April 2006. 10 Feb. 2009.
<http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/protists/amoeba%20movement%202%20(150%20kbs).wmv >
Amoeba Video. “Protists.” The Biology Web. 18 April 2006. 10 Feb. 2009.
<http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/protists/amoeba%20movement%202%20(150%20kbs).wmv >
Carl. Protist Pictures. “Protists.” Mr. Carl’s e-Class. 10 Feb. 2009. <http://www.lanesville.k12.in.us/lcsyellowpages/Tickit/Carl/protists.html#Plant >
Works CitedWorks CitedKimball, John W. Diatom Picture. “The Protists.” Kimball’s Biology Pages. 16 Dec. 2008. 10 Feb. 2009. <http://www.lanesville.k12.in.us/lcsyellowpages/Tickit/Carl/protists.html#Plant >
Paramecium Picture. “Protists.” The Biology Web. 18 April 2006. 10 Feb. 2009. <http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/protists/amoeba%20movement%202%20(150%20kbs).wmv >
Kimball, John W. Diatom Picture. “The Protists.” Kimball’s Biology Pages. 16 Dec. 2008. 10 Feb. 2009. <http://www.lanesville.k12.in.us/lcsyellowpages/Tickit/Carl/protists.html#Plant >
Paramecium Picture. “Protists.” The Biology Web. 18 April 2006. 10 Feb. 2009. <http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/protists/amoeba%20movement%202%20(150%20kbs).wmv >
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