protists
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PROTISTS
Protists Eukaryotes, not members of the
kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi Most unicellular but not all Protista= very first
Evolution of Protists Symbiosis of several cells Mitochondria/chloroplasts live inside
larger cells
Classification of Protists Animal-like protists-obtain food like
heterotrophs
Plant-like protists- obtain food like autotrophs
Fungus-like protists- decomposers or parasites
Phylums of Animal Like Protists
Zooflagellates Movement: use flagellum to move Food: Absorb food through cell
membrane Reproduction: asexually/sexually
Sarcodines Movement: pseudopodsAmoeboid movement- cytoplasm streams
into pseudopod Food: pseudopods capture take into
food vacuole Reproduce: Mitosis/Cytokinesis
Foraminiferans- SarcodineSecretes calcium carbonate
Ciliates Movement: cilia propel Food: Cilia move food into gullet, force
food into food vacuole Waste material emptied when food
vacuole fuses with anal pore Contractile vacuoles- cavities
specialized to collect water
Ciliates= Paramecium
Trichocysts- small bottle shaped structures used for defense
Danger= stiff projections that protect cell
Two nuclei› Macronucleus- keeps genes for day to day
use› Micronucleus- contains reserve copy of
cells genes
Reproduction: asexually mitosis/cytokinesis
Conjugation- exchange genetic material
Sporozoans Movement: not on their own/ parasitic Reproduction: sporozoites Diseases: malaria
Plantlike Protists Algae 7 major phylums
› 4- unicellular› 3- multicellular
Use photosynthesis- › Chlorophyll a› Chlorophyll b› Chlorophyll c› Accessory pigments› Allow use of different light wavelengths
Unicellular Plant like Protists
Euglenophytes aka Euglena Movement: Two flagellum Pellicle- cell membrane Food: Eye spot- cluster of reddish
pigment for photosynthesis Can live as heterotrophs-absorb food Reproduce: Asexually- binary fission
Chrysophytes Yellow/green algae and gold/brown
algae Have gold colored chloroplasts
Diatoms Produce thin, delicate call walls rich in
silicon (component of glass) Cell walls – different patterns like
etched glass
Dinoflagellates ½ photosynthetic ½ heterotrophic 2 flagellum Luminescent- shimmer when agitated
Ecology of unicellular Algae Make up the base of aquatic food
chains Phytoplankton- ½ of photosynthesis on
earth
Red Tide Protists release dangerous toxins Shell fish eat the protists = trap toxin Human eating shell fish become very
sick› Paralysis› death
Multicellular Plant like Protists
1. Red algae- coral reefs2. Brown algae- Kelp3. Green algae
› Unicellular › Colonial (volvox)› Multicellular (ulva)
Spirogyra- Green colonial algae› Live in water› Multicellular› Spiral shaped chloroplasts
Fungus like Protists Heterotrophs/decomposers Slime molds or water molds Water molds responsible for the Irish
Great Potato Famine
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