proyek sistem operasi (networking) chapter 14 1. distributed capabilities communications...

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Proyek Sistem Operasi Proyek Sistem Operasi (Networking)(Networking)Chapter 14

1

Distributed CapabilitiesDistributed CapabilitiesCommunications architectures

◦Software that supports a group of networked computers

Network operating system◦Each computer has its own private

operating systemDistributed operating system

◦Common operating system shared by a network of computers

2

The Need for a Protocol The Need for a Protocol ArchitectureArchitectureComputer communications

◦Exchange of information between computers for the purpose of cooperative action

Computer network◦When tow or more computers are

interconnected via a communication network

3

Two ConceptsTwo ConceptsProtocol

◦Used for communication between entities in different systems

Protocol architecture◦Broken into subtasks, each of which

is implemented separately

4

File TransferFile Transfer

5

The TCP/IP Protocol The TCP/IP Protocol ArchitectureArchitectureProtocol suiteFive relatively independent

layers◦Physical◦Network access◦Internet◦Host-to-host, or transport◦Application

6

Physical LayerPhysical LayerSpecifying

◦the characteristics of the transmission medium

◦Nature of the signals◦Data rate

7

Network Access LayerNetwork Access LayerConcerned with the exchange of

data between an end system and the network

Different standards◦Circuit switching◦Packet switching (frame relay)◦LANs (Ethernet)

8

Internet LayerInternet LayerProcedures for data to traverse

different networksImplemented in the end systems

and routers

9

Transport LayerTransport LayerEnsures all data arrives at the

destination and in the order sentTCP

10

Application LayerApplication LayerSupports various user applicationExample: file transfer

11

TCP HeaderTCP Header

12

UDPUDP

13

IPIP

14

IPv6IPv6Provides enhancements over

existing IPDesigned to accommodate

higher speeds of a mix of data streams, graphic and video

Provides more addressesIncludes 128-bits for addresses

◦IP uses 32-bit address

15

IPv6IPv6

16

TCP/IP ConceptsTCP/IP Concepts

17

Protocols and HeadersProtocols and Headers

18

Items in the HeaderItems in the HeaderDestination network addressFacilities requests

◦Example: priority

19

TCP.IP ApplicationsTCP.IP ApplicationsSimple Mail Transfer Protocol

(SMTP)File Transfer ProtocolTELNET

20

SocketsSocketsEnable communication between

a client and serverConcatenation of a port value

and an IP address form a socket

21

Two Types of SocketsTwo Types of SocketsStream sockets

◦Use TCP◦Reliable data transfer

Datagram sockets◦Use UDP◦Delivery is not guaranteed

22

Socket SetupSocket Setupsocket() commandThree parameters

◦Protocol family is always PF_INET for TCP/IP

◦Type specifies whether stream or datagram

◦Protocol specifies either TCP or UDP

23

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