ps lunch talk 01 dec 2004. bvibvi sn1a are standardizable candles: bright = slow dim = fast one...

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

B

V

I

SN1a arestandardizablecandles:

Bright = slow Dim = fast

One parameteryields 10%luminosity distances

SNIa Similarity and Diversity

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

Luminosity Distance and Cosmological Parameters

(Impress the ignorant)

(See what’s going on)

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

Z (m-M)

0.5 0.13 +/- 0.05

1.0 0.00 +/- 0.08

1.5 -0.10 +/- 0.10

(speculative!)

Luminosity Distances: 0.5 < z < 1.5

Z=0.5Z=

1.0

Z=1.5

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

SNIa – Results in 1998

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

Fall 2001 Continuous Search

Barris et al. 2004

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

SNIa - Results in 2003

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

2dF: Mh = 0.2 ± 0.03KP: h = 0.72 ± 0.08

Constraints on M, , and w

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

Higher z with ACS and GOODS

5 z-band epochs, spaced by 45 days, simultaneous v,i band, 120 tilesCDFS=08/02-02/03 HDFN=11/02-05/03

(Adam Riess, PI)

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

2003ak(1.57)

2002fz(0.839)

2003aj(1.4)

2002ga(0.988)

2002kb(0.474)

2002fv(~1.0)

2002lg(0.61)

2002fw(1.3)

2002hs(0.388)

2002hp(1.3)

2002hq(0.74)

2002kd(0.735)

2002fx(~1.8)

2003al(0.91)2002ke

(0.578)

2002kc(0.214)

2002hr(0.526)

2002fy(0.88)

2002ht(?)

CDFS

2003dz(0.48)

2003er(0.63)

2003be(0.64)

2003dx(0.46)

2003bb(0.89)

2003bc(0.51)

2003ew(0.66)2003eu

(0.76)

2003ba(0.47)

2002kh(0.71)2003et

(0.83)

2003en(0.54)

2003es(0.968)

2003en(0.54)2003dy

(1.37)

2003ea(0.89)

Vilas(0.86)

2003eb(0.92)

2003bd(0.67)

2003eq(0.85)

2002kl(0.39)

2003az(1.27)

2002ki(1.14)

HDFN

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

Aphrodite: ACS Delivers!Aphrodite (z=1.3)

ACS grism spectrum

NICMOS F110W

ACS F850lp

viz

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

Images

Subtractions

discoveryThoth: Hidden by its Host

red, ellipticalhost

z=1.3

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

Gilgamesh z=1.6

ACSf850lp

NICMOSF110W

F160W

discovery ~+10 days ~+20 days

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

HST: Crucial for z > 1!

Ground-based

z=1.06

z=1.20

HST+ACS: z=1.30

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

The New SN Ia Hubble Diagram

97ff6 of the 7 highest redshift SNIa

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

The Cosmic Acceleration Persists

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

… and the Contours for Shrink.

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

The Nature of Dark Energy

• What isis this stuff???• Three clues:

– Quantity (flat?)– Quality w (-1?)– Constancy dw/dt (0?)

w w

present acceleration

past

dec

eler

atio

n

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

SNIa Progenitors and Gestation

Dahlen et al. 2004 Strolger et al. 2004

Still a big mystery!

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

Progress on Dark Energy using SNIa

• Essential for – w0, w’ constraints– Progess in systematics:

• Host galaxies• Colors (rest frame UV)• SNxx contamination• Spectra• Evolution

– Progenitors and IC’s

• Want >10,000, need 1000• Wide field, optical colors

• Essential for– w0, w’ constraints

– Immunity to systematics

• Want 300, need 30• Use z, J, H, and grism• Challenge is improving

search efficiency

z > 1HST only

z < 1Ground based

z

d

1

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

Ground-based Searches

ProjectStart - End

GPix Harvest Clrs Sampling

Essence

CTIO 4m2001 - 2005

0.0640

per yr2

2 week

campaign

CFHTLS

CFHT 3.6m2003 - 2008

0.4200

per yr3

2 week

campaign

Pan-STARRS Telescope #1

2006 - 2007

1100

per mo5

Every 4 days

Pan-STARRS 2007 - 41000

per mo5

Every 4 days

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

Pan-STARRS Survey ComparisonC

over

age

log(

deg2

)

Limiting magnitude

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

Constraints on w

Pan-STARRS – 1 year

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

SNIa Distances without Redshifts

Barris et al. 2004

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

SNIa Distances without Redshifts

Barris et al. 2004

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

Distance and Redshift from SNIa Photometry Alone

Barris et al. 2004

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

The Nature of Dark Energy, II

• Cosmological Constant– Consistent with the

observations at 1-– All theorists hate it

w

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

Supernova Systematics• Uninteresting (avoidable)

– Photometry error (0.03 0.01)– UV SEDs (0.05 0.00)– Poor LC coverage (0.04 0.00)– Host extinction (0.06 0.03)

• Interesting (intrinsic)– SN1a: progenitor, initial conditions, trigger (z)– Host extinction and properties (z)– Gravitational lensing (z)– Transparency of IGM (z)

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004Hoeflich et al.Niemeyer et al.

Turbulent flame consuming a white dwarf

Luminosity-decline rate

Spectra

Theoretical Models for SNIa

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

What Causes the Diversity?

• Progenitors may have different– Mass (luminosity ~ 56Ni mass)– Metallicity (Z n 56Ni )– Age (22Ne sedimentation?)– Binary companion (???)– Mass transfer mechanism (???)

• Explosion may have different– Trigger mechanism (???)– Propagation (deflagration/detonation, “weather”, etc)

• Good news: – Chandresekhar mass and NSE make explosions quite uniform

(~50% and 1 parameter gets us to ~20%)

• Bad news:– Plenty of room for unknown systematics at the 2% level

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

Models are Un(der)constrained

• Understanding the explosion is not enough• Need explosion mechanism and initial conditions

– A small fraction of WD explode– WDs which do explode wait a long time

• Initial conditions could easily depend on z– Age of the Universe– Galaxy interaction rate– Star formation rate– Metallicity

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

Constraints on w

Pan-STARRS – 1 year

PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

Constraints on w

0.01, 0.02, 0.04 mag systematic