psycho social dynamics in causation of disease

PSYCHO-SOCIAL DYNAMICS IN CAUSATION OF DISEASE

ANEEZ. KIST YEAR MSc. NURSINGEMS CON

‘‘MENS SANA IN CORPORE SANO’’

MEANS …“HEALTHY MIND IN A HEALTHY BODY”

INTRODUCTION

•What is your concept about health ?

•What is your concept about disease ?

DEFINITION OF HEALTH

“The condition of being sound in body, mind or spirit, especially freedom from physical disease or pain” - Webster“Soundness of body or mind; that condition in which its functions are duly and efficiently discharged” - Oxford English Dictionary

DEFINITION CONT.

‘‘A state of relative equilibrium of body form and function which result from its successful dynamic adjustment to forces tending to disturb it. It is not passive interplay between body substances and forces impinging upon it but an active response of body forces working toward readjustment” - Perkins

DEFINITION CONT.

“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity”.

- Constitution of the WHO July 1946

SOME HISTORICAL CONCEPTS OF HEALTH

• The Varieties of Health

•Health as Balance

•Health as Well-Being

CONCEPTS OF HEALTHBiomedical Concept - “absence of disease”

•Human body = Machine, •Disease = Consequence of the break down of machine•Doctor’s task = repair of machine.

Limitation- it has minimized the role of environmental, social, psychological & cultural determinants of health.

Ecological Concept•Health = It is a dynamic equilibrium between man & his environment.•Disease = It is the maladjustment of human organisms to the environment. The concept supports the need for clean

air, safe water, food, atmosphere etc. to protect us from exposure to unhealthy factors.

Psycho - Social Concept

Health is not only a biomedical phenomenon, but one which is in influenced by social psychological, cultural, economic and political factors of the people concerned.

Holistic Concept• Biomedical + ecological + psychosocial concept. • It has been defined as unified or multidimensional process involving the well being of the whole person in the context of his environment. •Holistic concept implies that, all sectors of society have an effect on health.

Positive Health – “Perfect Functioning”

• This concept is always a mirage

• It Explains the potentialities of an individual to modify himself to the society in the face of changing conditions of life.

CONCEPT OF WELL-BEING

ComponentsObjective components

• Standard of living • level of living

Subjective component•Quality of life

STANDARD OF LIVING

Refers to the usual scale of our expenditure, the goods we consume and the service we enjoy. It includes the level of education, employment status, food, dress, house, amusement and comforts of modern living.

LEVEL OF LIVING• 9 Components• Health, • Food consumption, • Education, • Occupation and working condition,• Housing,• Social security,• Clothing,• Recreation and leisure,• Human right.

QUALITY OF LIFE

Quality of life includes perceived sense of happiness, satisfaction and gratification by the person

DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH

In Flash Card

DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH SUMMARY

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

Biological

Behavioral

EnvironmentalSocio-economic

Health systemSocio-culturalAgeing of populationScience & technologyInformation & communication

GenderEquity & Social

justice

Human rights

INDICATORS OF HEALTH

RESPONSIBILITIES FOR HEALTH PROMOTION

• Individual Responsibilities

• Community Responsibilities

•National Responsibilities

• International Responsibilities

CONCEPT OF DISEASE

DEFINITION OF DISEASE

“A condition in which body function is impaired, departure from a state of health, an alteration of the human body interrupting the performance of the vital functions.”

- WebsterThe condition of body or some part of

organ of body in which its functions are disrupted or deranged

- Oxford English Dictionary

THEORIES OF DISEASE CAUSATION

•Germ theory of disease

•Multi Causal Model of Disease

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD Agent Factors

Physical Agents Chemical Agents Biological Agents Nutritional agents

Host Factors

Socio-demographic Factors Psycho-social Factors Intrinsic Characteristics

Environmental Factors

Physical Environment Biological Environment Social Environment

WEB OF CAUSATION Change in life style Stress

Aging &Abundance of food Smoking Emotional other factor

Disturbance

Obesity Lack of physical activity Hypertension

Hyperlidemia Increase Changes in walls of catecholamine

arteries

Thrombotic activity

Coronary atherosclerosis Coronary occlusion

Myocardial Infarction

Myocardial Infarction

THEORIES CONT…

• The Theory of General Susceptibility

• Socio – Environmental Approach

• Social and Psychological Factors

SPECTRUM OF HEALTH

HEALTH AND ILLNESS

ICEBERG PHENONMENON

Example: Cholera , Polio, hypertension etc.

CONCEPTS OF PREVENTION

RESEARCH ARTICLE

REFERENCES1. K. Park. “Preventive and Social Medicine”, 18th edition (2005), Bhanot

Publication, Page No. 13-17

2. Dr. J.P. Baride, Dr. A.P Kulkarni, “Text Book of Community Medicine”, 3rd

edition (2006), Page No. 77-80.

3. G.N Prabhakara, “Short Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine”,(2003),Page No. 31-61

4. William R. Lorallo, “Stress and Health, Biological and Psychological Interaction”, 2rd edition (2008), Page no. 7-18

5. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, American Sociological Association, www.asanet.org/psycho social dynamics in disease causation.

6. En.wikipedia.org/Disease

THANK YOU……