psychological perception

Psychological Perception

Submitted By: Pravesh Kaswa

Submitted To: Prof. Kiran Jha

ContentsIntroductionWhat is PerceptionProcess of PerceptionFeatures which affects PerceptionHow Perception affects Human BehaviourConclusion

IntroductionThe perceptual process allows us to experience the

world around us. Take a moment to think of all the things you perceive on a daily basis. At any given moment, you might see familiar objects in your environment, feel the touch of objects and people against your skin, smell the aroma of a home-cooked meal and hear the sound of music playing in your next door neighbour's apartment. All of these things help make up our conscious experience and allow us to interact with the people and objects around us.

In this overview of perception and the perceptual process, we will learn more about how we go from detecting stimuli in the environment to actually taking action based on that information.

What Is PerceptionPerception is the organization,

identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment.

All perception involves signals in the nervous system, which in turn result from physical or chemical stimulation of the sense organs.

Process of PerceptionPerception can be split into two processes

Firstly processing sensory input which transforms these low-level information to higher-level information. Secondly processing which is connected with person's concept and expectations (knowledge), and selective mechanisms that influence perception.

Perception depends on complex functions of the nervous system, but subjectively seems mostly effortless because this processing happens outside conscious awareness.

Features which affects PerceptionConstancyGroupingContrast effectsEffect of experienceEffect of motivation and expectation

ConstancyPerceptual constancy refers to the

tendency to perceive an object you are familiar with as having a constant shape, size, and brightness despite the stimuli changes that occur.

GroupingPerceptual grouping refers to the process

of determining which regions and parts of the visual scene belong together as parts of higher order perceptual units such as objects or patterns.

Closure Continuity Similarity Proximity

Contrast EffectWhen we make decisions, we tend to do it by

contrasting between the decision item and reference items. When two things appear close to one another, we will tend to evaluate them against one another more than against a fixed standard.

Effect of Experience With experience, organisms can learn to

make finer perceptual distinctions, and learn new kinds of categorization. Wine-tasting, the reading of X-ray images and music appreciation are applications of this process in the human sphere. Research has focused on the relation of this to other kinds of learning, and whether it takes place in peripheral sensory systems or in the brain's processing of sense information.

How Perception effect Human Behaviour?

Perception Vs. Reality

Conclusion I have seen people facing many problems; sometimes they

are able to solve them and sometimes not. Every person tends to view things in different ways and with their own perspective.

Perception is one of the most important aspects of human behaviour. Depending on how we perceive things, we may see the glass either as half-empty or as half-full. The more positively we perceive situations and circumstances the more efficiently we are able to avert a crisis. People who tend to see the world in an optimistic manner generally make better leaders and are able to communicate messages to their co-workers and subordinates in a more positive and more effective way.

Thank You