psychology 101 chapter 4

Terry Shiavo

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4.1 IntroductionL01 Define persistent vegetative state

4.2 Continuum of Consciousness

4.3 Rhythms of Sleeping and Waking

4.4 Stages of Sleep

4.5 Questions about Sleep

4.6 Dreaming

4.7 Sleep Problems and Treatments

4.8 Hypnosis

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Continuum of ConsciousnessL02 Define consciousness and the continuum of consciousnessL03 Identify and describe the different states of consciousness

4.3 Rhythms of Sleeping and Waking

4.4 Stages of Sleep

4.5 Questions about Sleep

4.6 Dreaming

4.7 Sleep Problems and Treatments

4.8 Hypnosis

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

The Continuum of Consciousness

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4.2 Continuum of Consciousness

Daydreaming

4.2 Continuum of Consciousness

Daydreaming is an activity that requires a low level of awareness.

Altered States of Consciousness

4.2 Continuum of Consciousness

When we meditate, use mind-altering drugs, sleep, dream, or are rendered unconscious we are in an altered state.

Unconsciousness

4.2 Continuum of Consciousness

Unconsciousness results in total lack of sensory awareness and complete loss of responsiveness.

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Continuum of Consciousness

4.3 Rhythms of Sleeping and WakingL04 Describe the circadian clock and identify where it’s located in the brainL05 Discuss circadian problems and treatment

4.4 Stages of Sleep

4.5 Questions about Sleep

4.6 Dreaming

4.7 Sleep Problems and Treatments

4.8 Hypnosis

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

Biological Clocks – Circadian Rhythm

4.3 Rhythms of Sleeping and Waking

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4.1 Introduction

4.2 Continuum of Consciousness

4.3 Rhythms of Sleeping and Waking

4.4 Stages of SleepL06 Describe the stages of sleep and their sequence during a night of sleep

4.5 Questions about Sleep

4.6 Dreaming

4.7 Sleep Problems and Treatments

4.8 Hypnosis

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Continuum of Consciousness

4.3 Rhythms of Sleeping and Waking

4.4 Stages of Sleep

4.5 Questions about SleepL07 Discuss how much sleep a typical person needsL08 Explain theories of why we sleepL09 Describe what happens when we miss sleep

4.6 Dreaming

4.7 Sleep Problems and Treatments

4.8 Hypnosis

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

How Much Sleep do You Need?

4.5 Questions about Sleep

Theories of Why We Sleep

4.5 Questions about Sleep

Repair Theory Adaptive Theory

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Continuum of Consciousness

4.3 Rhythms of Sleeping and Waking

4.4 Stages of Sleep

4.5 Questions about Sleep

4.6 DreamingL010 Describe and differentiate the major theories of dream interpretation

4.7 Sleep Problems and Treatments

4.8 Hypnosis

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

Theories of Dream Interpretation

4.6 Dreaming

Freud’s Theory of Dreams

Activation-Synthesis Theory

Extensions of Waking Life

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Continuum of Consciousness

4.3 Rhythms of Sleeping and Waking

4.4 Stages of Sleep

4.5 Questions about Sleep

4.6 Dreaming

4.7 Sleep Problems and TreatmentsL011 Describe the major sleep problems, including insomnia,

sleep apnea, and narcolepsy, and discuss their treatmentL012 Describe other sleep disturbances, including night terrors,

nightmares, sleeptalking,and sleepwalking

4.8 Hypnosis

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

Types of Sleep Problems – Insomnia

4.7 Sleep Problems and Treatments

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Other Types of Sleep Problems

4.7 Sleep Problems and Treatments

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Continuum of Consciousness

4.3 Rhythms of Sleeping and Waking

4.4 Stages of Sleep

4.5 Questions about Sleep

4.6 Dreaming

4.7 Sleep Problems and Treatments

4.8 HypnosisL013 Define hypnosis and explain hypnotic inductionL014 Differentiate between theories of hypnosisL015 Discuss how hypnosis can influence behaviorsL016 Identify medical and therapeutic applications of hypnosis

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

History of Hypnosis

4.8 Hypnosis

The concept of hypnosis first came to our attention in the late 1700s.

Can I Be Hypnotized?

4.8 Hypnosis

There is considerable variation in susceptibility to being hypnotized.

Theories of Hypnosis

4.8 Hypnosis

The explanation of hypnosis has changed significantly over the past 40 years.

Behavior when Hypnotized

4.8 Hypnosis

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Hypnosis and Surgery Pain

4.8 Hypnosis

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4.1 Introduction

4.2 Continuum of Consciousness

4.3 Rhythms of Sleeping and Waking

4.4 Stages of Sleep

4.5 Questions about Sleep

4.6 Dreaming

4.7 Sleep Problems and Treatments

4.8 Hypnosis

4.9 Psychoactive DrugsL017 Define addiction, tolerance, dependency, and withdrawal symptomsL018 Discuss how drugs affect the nervous systemL019 Discuss the effects that stimulants, opiates, hallucinogens, alcohol,

and marijuana have on the body and behaviorL020 Discuss the prevention of and treatment for drug abuse

Psychoactive Drugs

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

Psychoactive drugs are chemicals that affect our nervous systems.

Definition of Terms

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

Continued drug use can have negative effects on health and relationships.

How Drugs Affect the Nervous System

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

Nucleusaccumbens

Ventral tegmental area

Neurotransmitters act likespecific chemical keys.

Neurotransmitters’ keys open or close chemical locks that increase or decrease neural activity.

Major Categories of Drugs

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

Stimulants Opiates

HallucinogensDepressants

Stimulants

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

Amphetamine

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

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Cocaine

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

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Opiates

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

Opiates are a group of narcotics made from the Poppy Plant.

Depressants – Heroin

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

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Hallucinogens

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

LSD Marijuana

Psilocybin Ecstasy/MDMA

Depressants – Alcohol

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

In 2007, about 127 million Americans age 12 and older drank alcohol.

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Substance Abuse and Treatment

4.9 Psychoactive Drugs

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