ptws' eyeheight1
Post on 05-Jul-2015
184 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Powered two-wheeler rider eye-height determination Stergios Dimoulas, Basil Psarianos, Constantinos Antoniou and Sophia Vardaki National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)
92nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board January 2013 - Washington, D.C.
!
!
!
!Research motivation
¨ PTW rider eye-height affects rider safety and highway design ¤ Vulnerable riders need to detect larger
number of possible hazards ¤ Vehicle angle/speed may affect rider eye-
height
¨ Limited research has been reported in the literature (e.g. Davoodi et al., 2011) ¤ While there is extensive research in eye-
height determination for other vehicle types (cars, trucks)
TRB 2013
2
16/1/2013
!
!US fatality data (GAO, 2012)
16/1/2013 TRB 2013
3
¨ 5.4 million of motor-vehicle crashes in 2010 ¨ 8.4 million of motorcycle registrations in 2010 ¨ Decrease of passenger car fatalities
¤ (1991: 30.776, 2010: 22.187)
¨ Increase of motorcycle fatalities ¤ (1991:2.806, 2010: 4.502)
¨ Most vulnerable age group: 45-54 ¨ PTW riders most vulnerable group
¤ 30 times more likely to die
!
!Objective
¨ Investigate the parameters that affect PTW rider eye-height
¨ Determine appropriate values
TRB 2013
4
16/1/2013
!
!PTW rider eye-height
¨ Anthropometric Characteristics ¨ Type of PTW ¨ Riding Position ¨ Seat Height ¨ Load ¨ Weather Conditions ¨ Radius of Horizontal Curves ¨ Velocity
¨ Sight Distance ¨ Road Design ¨ Road Safety Levels
16/1/2013
5
TRB 2013
Depends on Influences
!
!
Experimental design
Experimental setup
Selection of study areas
Extraction of measurements
Data analysis
Exploratory statistical analysis
Setup and data collection Analysis
TRB 2013
Methodology and data collection
16/1/2013
6
!
!
Type of Road Facility
Freeway
Major Urban Arterial
Type of PTW
Motorbike
Scooter
TRB 2013
Experimental design
16/1/2013
7
!
!
Class of PTW
Standard
Cruiser
Sport
TRB 2013
Experimental design
16/1/2013
8
!
!
TRB 2013
Experimental design
16/1/2013
9
!
!
Criteria
• Road Speed & Classification • PTW Traffic Volume & Traffic Conditions • Horizontal & Vertical Alignment & Profile • Roadside Area Conditions • Weather & Lighting Conditions • Accessibility of the sites
TRB 2013
Selection of study areas
16/1/2013
10
!
!
OMORFOKLISIAS (VEIKOU) AVENUE
ATTICA TOLLWAY
Suburban Freeway Speed Limit 120km/hr
Major Urban Arterial Max Speed Limit 70km/hr
P1: Omorfoklisias (Veikou) Avenue P2: Attica Tollway TRB 2013
Selection of study areas
16/1/2013
11
!
!
ATTICA TOLLWAY
TRB 2013
Selection of study areas
16/1/2013
12
!
!
OMORFOKLISIAS (VEIKOU) AVENUE
TRB 2013
Selection of study areas
16/1/2013
13
!
!
MEASUREMENTS
AutoCAD Pinnacle
Φ2
PTW Speed
Φ2 Φ1
Δy s S D
TRB 2013
Extraction of measurements
16/1/2013
14
!
!Measurements
TRB 2013
15
16/1/2013
!
!Measurements
TRB 2013
16
16/1/2013
!
!Measurements
TRB 2013
17
16/1/2013
!
!
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Eye−height distribution by type of motorbike Attiki Odos
Eye−height (m)
Prop
ortio
n <=
x
●
● CruiserSportStandard
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Eye−height distribution by type of motorbike Veikou
Eye−height (m)
Prop
ortio
n <=
x
●
● CruiserSportStandard
0 50 100 150 200
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Speed distribution by type of scooter Attiki Odos
Speed (kph)
Prop
ortio
n <=
x ●
● CruiserStandard
0 50 100 150 200
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Speed distribution by type of scooter Veikou
Speed (kph)
Prop
ortio
n <=
x ●
● CruiserStandard
TRB 2013 16/1/2013
18
!
!
0 50 100 150 200
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Speed distribution by type of motorbike Attiki Odos
Speed (kph)
Prop
ortio
n <=
x
●
● CruiserSportStandard
0 50 100 150 200
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Speed distribution by type of motorbike Veikou
Speed (kph)
Prop
ortio
n <=
x
●
● CruiserSportStandard
0 50 100 150 200
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Speed distribution by type of scooter Attiki Odos
Speed (kph)
Prop
ortio
n <=
x ●
● CruiserStandard
0 50 100 150 200
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Speed distribution by type of scooter Veikou
Speed (kph)
Prop
ortio
n <=
x ●
● CruiserStandard
TRB 2013 16/1/2013
19
!
!MotorbikeCruiser
MotorbikeSport
MotorbikeStandard
ScooterCruiser
ScooterStandard
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
● ●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●●
●●
●
●
●●
● ●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
● ●
●
●●
●●
●●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●●
●
●
●●
● ●●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
●●
●
●
●
●● ●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
●●
●
●
●●
●
●
●●
●
●
●●
●●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●●
● ●
●●
●
●
●●
●
●
●●●
●● ●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●● ● ●●
●●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●●
●●
●
●●●
●●
●
●
●●
●● ●
●
●
●
●
●●
●●
●
● ●
●
●
●
●
●●
●●
●
●● ●●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
●●
● ●
●
●●
●
● ●
●●
●
●● ●
●●
●●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
● ●
●●
●
●
●● ●●
●
●
●●
●
●●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●● ●
●●
●●
●
●●
● ●●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
● ●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●● ●
●●
●
●
●●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●● ●
●●
●
●
●
●● ●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
● ●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●●●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●●
● ●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●●●●
●
●●
●
● ●●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
●●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●●● ●
●
●
●●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
AttikiOdos
Veikou
100 150 100 150 100 150 100 150 100 150
PTW rider eye−height by road, PTW type and class
Speed (km/h)
Eye
heig
ht (m
)
TRB 2013 16/1/2013
20
!
!A simple model
Estimate Std.Error t-value (Intercept) 1.596 0.004 360.1 RoadVeikou -0.083 0.005 -16.5 TypeScooter -0.045 0.005 -8.6 Sport -0.093 0.008 -11.8 Residual standard error 0.056 (533 d.o.f.) R2 0.444 Adjusted R2 0.441 F-statistic 142 (3 and 533 d.o.f.) / p-value <2.2E-16
!1!
TRB 2013
21
16/1/2013
!
!
Ø Minimum Representative Value of PTW Rider’s Eye-Height 1,250m
Ø Maximum Representative Value of PTW Rider’s Eye-Height 1,700m
Ø Minimum Representative Value of PTW Rider’s Eye-Height 1,250m >
Road Design Value 1,000m
Ø Difference between two studies
Ø Dimoulas et al. (2013): 1,250m, Davoodi et al. (2011):1,350m
Ø PTWs’ Operating Speed at Freeway V85 = 144km/hr
Ø PTWs’ Operating Speed at Major Arterial Urban V85 = 103km/hr
Ø PTW Rider’s Eye-Height is not influenced by the PTW velocity
TRB 2013
Discussion and conclusion
16/1/2013
22
!
!
Ø PTW Rider’s Eye-Height at Freeway > PTW Rider’s Eye-Height at Major Urban Arterial Ø Road Design (horizontal curves)
TRB 2013
Discussion and conclusion
16/1/2013
23
Powered two-wheeler rider eye-height determination Stergios Dimoulas, Basil Psarianos, Constantinos Antoniou and Sophia Vardaki National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)
92nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board January 2013 - Washington, D.C.
!
!
top related