public speaking

The Art of Public Speaking

—and—

How to Write an Effective

Speech

(copy all RED!!!)

Steps to Writing

a

Speech

Brainstorming•Write down as many ideas as you can

about your topic.

• Do not erase anything.

•Then go back later and eliminate

things that do not seem to fit just right.

•Think to yourself:

Who will hear my speech and why?

Sloppy Copy

• Organize your ideas and write a rough,

rough draft!

Editing

Peer editing, sharing and conferencing!

Be sure to add new ideas and information,

if needed.

Proofreading

Check for CONTENT and

then for grammar, sound quality, etc…

Check for excellence!

Publishing

A copy of your speech, or note cards are necessary.

Sizing Up Your AudienceTo determine which approach you will take in your presentation. Different

group attitudes require different methods of presentation!

• What is the size of your audience?

• Will they have a sense of humor?

• Do they want to hear what you have to say?

Multiple Intelligences

• Different people

learn in different

ways and have

different kinds

of

"intelligences."

Knowing this,

you can

assume that

your audience

has certain

strengths and

weaknesses, as

well as different

learning styles.

The Audience—Rules for Feedback

-Describe the speaker's mistakes; do not get personal.

-Offer specific comments.

-Only comment on things that the speaker has control over,

such as tone, content or speed.

The Audience as Evaluators

-Share feelings and thoughts with the speaker.

-Make "I" statements "I think your speech was" or

"I feel you need to")

-Be specific.

-Be constructive, not destructive.

-Remember that each speaker is unique.

-Comment only on the speech - not on the

speaker.

-Do not project your own biases onto the speech.

The Audience as Listeners

-Do not judge the person by his or her speech.

Be genuine and sincere.

-Do not practice or think about your comments,

or presentation while the person is speaking.

-Try to understand the speaker from his or her

point of view.

Experiential Learning and

Processing

• After each speech the teacher and audience should

assess your efforts so that you can take an honest

look at your presentation, help you decide what you

did well and what you need to improve.

• While speaking experiences will help you to become

accustomed to public speaking, processing your

efforts with your peers will help you to develop the

confidence to communicate!

Hidden Agendas

The group must be careful to avoid hidden agendas

in its critiques. A hidden agenda is a message or a

purpose beneath the message being communicated

to the speaker. An example of this might be if

someone in the group is madly in love with the

speaker, his or her critique might be overly kind, even

if a more terse critique was due.

A Sad Fact

People do not always listen closely

enough to the words of a speech so

that only approximately 10% - 15% of

what you know and you learn comes

from what you hear.

Now…can anyone repeat what I

just said???

So, If you happen to NOT be

listening….DON’T

• Drift off

during the speech

and then pretend

to have all of the

right comments Make comments

directed at speaker's

personality.

• Let someone "get away" with a flawed speech.

Try to show-off by listing trivial concerns or

to nit-pick.

Basic Speech Organization Skills"Tell 'em what you're going to tell, 'em; tell 'em;

and then tell 'em what you told 'em."

The Introduction(tell 'em what

you are going to tell 'em)

The body

(tell 'em)

The conclusion (tell 'em what you told 'em)

The Introduction

(tell 'em what you are going to tell 'em)The Introduction has three major roles:

1. to catch the listener's interest

2. to move the topic from general

to specific

3. and to deliver the

Speech Focusing Statement

Whatever you do, do not

start your speech by

merely stating your topic!

Catching the Listeners' Interest

You could ask a rhetorical question (Is humankind really heading towards disaster?).

Or, you could start with a short story that will pull the listener in, such time you were in a really great establishment.

It really does not matter what technique you use to attract the listener as long as you follow two basic rules:

1) The story or question you choose is

specific to your topic

2) You finish the story or answer your question in your conclusion

Moving Down the Funnel

Think of the process like a funnel sitting on a bottle. You start with a wide discussion at the top, and then constrict your discussion sliding down to the specifics of your topic. By the time you hit the neck of the funnel, the audience knows exactly where you are heading and what the elements of your topic will be.

Finally, once you are sliding down the neck of the funnel and have announced the specifics of your speech, you deliver your Speech Focusing Statement. The Speech Focusing

Statement is your "tell 'em what you're going to tell 'em."

The body (tell 'em)• After you have your introduction, you have

to move along to the "meat" of your speech - the body. The body tells

• all of the facts and explains all the

details of your Speech Focusing

Statement. If you tell your listeners that you are going to discuss issues A, B and C in your introduction, then you must discuss A, B, C, not B, C, A or C, B, A, etc.

• While the order of your topics is an important issue, the logical design and construction you employ is equally as important. In other words, what reasoning did you use for ordering your speech? Are you showing how something developed over time? Are you explaining why something happened the way it did? Are you detailing how to do something?

Methods of Presentation

-Chronological order - the time order in which

events took place

-Anti-climax order - work from the most to least

important information.

Spatial order - describe the physical setup of your topic.

Climax order - work from the least important

information to the most important.

Cause to effect -show how your topic was the

result of essential events.

Once you have decided on the logical development of your

topic, you can consider some of the various methods to

present the order of your ideas:

The Conclusion

(tell 'em what you told 'em)

To begin, never say, "in conclusion," or "at last,"

in your speech. This gives the listener

permission to tune you out. It is a much better

idea to simply restate your introduction and tell

the audience why it was important that they

listened, and what you want them to do or to get

out of the presentation.

Nerves: Fight vs. Flight

Standing before a group and delivering a speech can be one of the most intimidating experiences of your life. Your heart starts to race, the blood leaves your fingers and toes, your

throat goes dry, you shake, and you really wonder why in the world you are doing this. Well, don't worry. This is quite

normal. Your body is undergoing what is known as a psychosomatic or psychological stress.

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Main Idea

3 ideas to be discussed

One Way to Plan Out Your Speech

Copy whole chart.

Now to the Assignment

Develop a 5-minute speech with a visual presenting your business to the class. Each

student will deliver their speech in front of the class while the rest of the students assess the speaker and provide feedback on the speech.

CREATIVITY IS ALWAYS ENCOURAGED!!!

There are several important aspects of

presentation to keep in mind.

1) Body language - make sure that you

have proper posture. If your shoulders are

sagging, you will not appear as sincere.

You MUST stand and deliver!!!

2) Articulation – You need to speak loud and clear.

3) Pronunciation - Pronounce each word,

avoid slang,

and do not

slur words.

You must

avoid saying

―um‖&

"you know."

4) Pitch –

pitch refers to

the highs and

lows of the

voice.

Whatever you

do, you must

avoid a

monotone!

5) Speed - the speed, or pace, is an important variable to control. Try not to speak too fast or

too slow.

6) Pause - When you

want to emphasize

a certain word, pause

for one second before;

this highlights the

word. If you really

want to punch it,

pause before and

after the word!

7) Volume – If you scream all the way through your

speech, people will become accustomed to it and it

will lose its effectiveness. On the other hand, a few

well-timed shouts can liven up the speech! You must

try to "project" or throw your voice out over the entire

class - or speak to the last row.

8) Quality - Quality of voice is the net caliber of

your voice, its character and attributes. You

must try to keep the vocal quality high; it is what

separates your voice from everyone else's.

9) Variance – Let your words speak for themselves. If you use the word "strangle," say it with a hint of

menace in your voice. If you say "heave," let the class feel the onomatopoeic force behind it. If you say

"bulldozer," make it sound like a titan earthmover, not like a baby with a shovel.. .

How you say something and how you physically

present yourself are just as important

as what you say.

Don’t be afraid to be expressive and show

emotion!!!!

Evaluation Activity

Let’s decide as a group how we will

evaluate each other!!!

7 Groups• Using the notes, discussions, and activities that we have done so

far, decide on a scale of 0-3 what is good and what is not for the

following areas:

1. Introduction

2. Body

3. Conclusion

4. Visual Aids

5. Body Language

6. Voice Quality (articulation,

pronunciation, pause, variance)

7. Voice Quality

(pitch, speed, volume)

• We will all use this rubric when evaluating each of the speakers.

For Example:

Aspect Excellent

3

Good

2

Satisfactory

1

Needs Improvement 0

Enthusiasm Facial expression and

body language

convey strong

enthusiasm and

interest

Facial expression

and body

language

sometimes convey

strong enthusiasm

and interest

Facial expression

and body

language seem

contrived

Apparent disinterest in the

topic

THANK YOU

For being awesome!!!!

XXXOOO