pump-up we got the definition for the word indulgence on friday. explain how you think indulgences...
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Pump-Up
• We got the definition for the word indulgence on Friday. Explain how you think indulgences will lead to the Reformation.
Pump-Up• We have talked about if you were Christian during
the Middle Ages then you were Catholic. How do you think dominations such as Baptist, Lutherans, and Methodists came about?
Reformation
Today’s Vocabulary• Indulgence– Buying your way into heaven.
• Reformation– Religious reform that led to the founding of Christians
who didn’t accept the pope’s authority.
• Protestant– All Christians who belong to non-Catholic churches.
Today’s Vocabulary • Peace of Augsburg– Treaty that gave each ruler the right to decide the
religion of his own state.
• Council of Trent– During the Catholic Reformation, the Church confirmed
certain Catholic traditions to be acceptable.
Causes of the Reformation• Printing press helped spread
secular ideas.
• Many viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority.
• Merchants resented having to pay taxes to the Church.
• Church leaders began to marry, have children, drink, and were poorly educated.
Luther Challenges the Church• To Martin Luther, the sell of
indulgences meant that only the rich could get into heaven.
• He wrote the 95 Theses in response to the sell of indulgences.– Posted it on the door of the church.
• Someone copied Luther’s words and took them to a printer.– Luther’s actions began the
Reformation.
Luther’s Teachings• People could achieve salvation
by faith alone.
• The pope and Church traditions were false authorities.
• People do not need priests to interpret the Bible for them.– All people are equal in faith.
Response to Luther• Luther was excommunicated
for not taking back his statements.
• Holy Roman Emperor declared Luther an outlaw and heretic. – All of his books were burned.
• A German prince gave shelter to Luther during this time.– He translated the Bible into
German and formed a separate religious group called Lutherans.
Response to Luther Continued• Peasants demanded an end to
serfdom and went on revolts.• Luther urged the German princes
to show them no mercy.
• Those who protested against the Catholic Church became known as Protestants.– Peace of Augsburg was declared
after years of war.
England becomes Protestant • Henry VIII asked the pope to annul his
marriage with Catherine of Aragon b/c he wanted a son.– The pope refused.
• Henry broke away from the Catholic Church and became the head of the English Church.– Married Anne Boleyn, but had another
daughter.
• 3rd wife, Jane Seymour, finally produces a male heir.
Henry VIII Children• Edward become king at 9 years
old but dies at age 15.
• Mary turned England back into a Catholic nation.– Earned the nickname “Bloody
Mary”
• Elizabeth I establishes the Anglican Church of England.– Compromise between Catholic and
Protestant traditions.
Calvinism • John Calvin believed that people are
sinful by nature; therefore God has determined who will go to heaven through predestination.– The belief that God has known since the
beginning of time who will be saved.
• Calvin ruled Geneva under a Theocracy with strict rules.– Cannot wear bright clothing, play cards,
swear, fight, or dance in church.
• John Know formed the Presbyterians in Scotland.– Over threw Catholic queen
• Huguenots formed in France– St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre
Other Protestant Reforms
• Anabaptist– Believed that you should only
be baptized if you are old enough to decide to be Christian.
– Believed that church and state should be separate.
• Despite gains in religion, women were still discouraged from being leaders in the church.
The Catholic Reformation• The Jesuits helped to stop the spread of
Protestantism. – Led by Ignatius of Loyola
• The Council of Trent reaffirms traditions and beliefs of the Catholic Church.– The Church’s interpretation of the Bible
was final.– Faith AND good works were needed for
salvation.
• Books that were found offensive to Catholicism were burned.
Legacy of the Reformation• New denominations
flourished.– Some were persecuted.
• Promoted education.
• Monarchs gained power.
• Will lead to the Enlightenment.
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