punctuations. capital letters small letters comma full stop semicolon colon parenthesis square...
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Punctuations
Capital LettersSmall Letters
CommaFull Stop
SemicolonColon
ParenthesisSquare Brackets
HypenDash
Exclamation MarkQuestion MarkQuatation Mark
Apostrophe
Capital LettersCapital Letters
First letter of a sentence
Pronoun “I”
Proper nouns: names of people, places, organization, countries, nationalities &
languages
Days of week, Months of the year & holidays
Trade marks & Abbreviation (short forms)
CommaComma
Before but, and, for, or, so, yet(Ex. The game was over, but the crowd refused to leave.)
After phrases, clauses(Ex. While I was eating, the cat jumped in.During the holidays, we went to Singapore.
To get a seat, you better come early.The food, on the other hand, is bland.
That Tuesday, which happens to be a public holiday, we can cancel the meeting.)
After yes, no, however, well, therefore, hence(Yes, the package should arrive soon.
However, you may not be satisfied with the results.)
Semi ColonSemi Colon
Link two complete sentences
(Ex. I'm going to the store; I need to buy oranges.My name is Teo; I'm studying at New Era College.)
Use in a sentence before conjunctions
(I wanted to send the goods today; however, I had to cancel it due to the bad weather.)
ColonColon
Introducing list or examples
(Ex. I need to order a few things: A4 size paper, staplers, blue pens, and English dictionary.
Separate book titles, hour and time
(Ex. English Grammar : A Useful Guide3:30 p.m.)
ParenthesisParenthesis
To set off words, hrases, clauses or sentences
Ex. Carl wanted a car (Proton Exora).Take this over to that girl ( the one with red hair)
and tell her to read it.Although she has three pets (two dogs and one
cat), she left them with her aunt.
ParenthesisParenthesis
To enclose number, letter, or symbol
Ex. There were eight (8) new rules added.Be sure to include a copyright (@) symbol in that
statement.
To enclose area code of a phone number
Ex. (04) 235-9788
Square BracketsSquare Brackets
To show an addition to a direnct quotation
'Hello everyone. I hope that you [the employees] will enjoy the meeting this evening.'
HyphenHyphen
Compound nounsEx. no-smoking sign
Instead of 'to'Ex. page 45 - 65
DashDash
To show a change of thoughtEx. We went to Pulau Langkawi last year – or perhaps
the year before the last.
To explainEx. The reporter pursued the woman – he wanted to get
some responses from her.
Use double dashEx. She saw her sisters – all five of them – standing in
front of the building.
Exclamation MarkExclamation Mark
To show strong feelings or raised voicesEx. Go away! I hate you!
Shut up!
A non-question begins with “what” or “how”Ex. How pretty she looked in that dress!
What idiots we are!
Informal writingEx. Remember, don't be late!
I'll never understand this!
Questions MarksQuestions Marks
To askEx. Are there any letters for me this morning?
Turn a statement into a questionEx. She didn't actually quit her job?
Question TagsThere is an order, isn't it?
You found the documents, didn't you?
The opostropheThe opostrophe
Contractions – short formsEx. isn't, she's, I've, They're
Possessive FormEx. Did you see Molly's letter?
There is a discount on the ladies' shoes.
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