pupin 2013

Petar Kocovic

July 10, 2013

Gradjevinski fakultet, Beograd

PupinNASA founder

Michael Pupin•Serbian: Mihajlo Pupin

•Born: October 9th, 1854, Idvor, Austro Hungarian Empire

•Dead: March 12, 1935, New York, USA

•Number of patents: 35 (USA), 49 (outside USA)

PIVOTAL point1900 – Pupin, Father of Long Distance Telephony

1900 – 0 yr1900 – 0 yr

1900 – Contract with AT&T, June 19

2012 – 11,125,000$2012 – 11,125,000$

1897 – 445,000$1897 – 445,000$

1900 – 0 yr1900 – 0 yr

Highest price ever paid for the formula!AT&T bought patent rights for patents632,230632,231

FAMILY AND EARLY LIFE

Mihajlo Pupin (1854, Idvor-1935, USA)

Mihajlo had 5 sisters and 4 brothers. He was 9th.

1854 – 46 yr1854 – 46 yr

Parents• Alimpijada Milovanov Aleksic –

Pupin (1814-1885) – Michael’s Mother

Married November 8 (21) 1832 in Opovo

Konstantin (1814-1873)

Idvor – Austro-Hungarian Empire

Pupin’s grandfather Arsenije, his brother (Mihajlo) and sister moved to Zemun, than to Idvor

Ali Pasha (1740-1822) of Yannina

•was born into a powerful clan in the village Beçisht at the foot of the Këlcyrë mountains near the Albanian town of Tepelenë

•1768: married the daughter of the wealthy pasha of Delvina, with whom he entered an alliance.

•1787: awarded the pashaluk of Trikala in reward for his services at Banat during the Austro-Turkish War (1787–1791).

•1788: seized control of Ioannina. Ioannina would be his power base for the next 33 years. He took advantage of a weak Ottoman government to expand his territory still further until he gained control of most of Albania, western Greece and the Peloponnese.

•Ali Pasha could assemble an army of 50,000 men in a matter of two to three days, and could double that number in two to three weeks.

1789 – 111 yr1789 – 111 yr

Moskopole (Voskopoja)

•Most important center of the Aromanians (Tsintsars, Vlahs).

•Small settlement until the end of the 17th century, but afterwards showed a remarkable financial and cultural development.

•Moscopolis in its glory days (1730–1760) had as many as 70,000 inhabitants;

•...other estimates placed its population closer to 35,000

Nicha Albania, Graves of Pupin Ancestors – Pupa

Family

Vasile Pupa -Koza

•Killed some Turk

•In vendeta Vasile Pupa -Koza was killed

•His wife Pupa escaped with 500 goats and 100 sheeps to Vevcani village with four sons

–Djordji

–Nikola

–Stojan

–Konstantin (~1740) ~1760 – 140yr~1760 – 140yr

Konstantin Pupin

•Arsenije (~1765-?)

–Married Stana (1770-1848)

•Mihajlo (~1770-?)

•Brothers moved to Zemun. Mihajlo Constantine Popp was punished May 11, 1787 (Apelacioni sud)

1765 – 135 yr1765 – 135 yr

Arsenije Pupin

•Moved to Zemun with his brother Mihajlo

–Zivan (1790-1847)

–Nikola (1806-1848)

–Konstantin (1814-1873)

1814 – 86 yr1814 – 86 yr

EARLY INVENTIONS IN TELEPHONY

Samuel Finley Breese Morse (27. 4. 1791, Charlestown – 2.

4. 1872)

1836 1836 - Invented first - Invented first telegraphtelegraph

Adopted magnetism for Adopted magnetism for electromagnetic electromagnetic telegraphytelegraphy

1836– 64 yr1836– 64 yr

Long distance communication

before Morse code

... With the bugs...

Alfred Vail (25. 9 . 1807 Morristown– 18. 1. 1859)

1837-1845 1837-1845 work with Morse on work with Morse on commercialization of telegraphcommercialization of telegraph

1845 1845 – was built first telegraph line – was built first telegraph line Baltimor – WashingtonBaltimor – Washington

He made taster with second key and He made taster with second key and electromagnetselectromagnets1945– 55 yr1945– 55 yr

1856 - NIKOLA TESLA was Born

1900 – 44 yr1900 – 44 yr

1857 - Transatlantic Telegraph Cable

• Cyrus Field organized second expedition to change 700 miles of cable what was broken under Atlantic Ocean

• August 5, 1858- first messages exchanged between British Queen Victoria and USA president Buchanan

1943– 0 yr1943– 0 yr

Transatlantic Cable

• First cable had 7 copper wires

• Cable weight: 26kg/km

• Triple shield from gutaper

• Strength Force: few tons

• 1866 – first commercialization of Transatlantic cable

• transmission speed: equivalent of 1⁄15 baud.

Civil War 1861-1865

1861 – 39 yr1861 – 39 yr

Lincoln was Killed – April 14, 1865

1865 – 35 yr1865 – 35 yr

Thomas Alva Edison (11. 2. 1847 – 18. 10. 1931)

1868 1868 – inventor of Ticker, for sending data – inventor of Ticker, for sending data from New York Stock Exchangefrom New York Stock Exchange

Ticker – at one side was punched tapeTicker – at one side was punched tape

First ticker Edison sold for $30,000, what is First ticker Edison sold for $30,000, what is equal $454,000 in 2012equal $454,000 in 2012

1900 – 32 yr1900 – 32 yr$30,000/454,000USD2012$30,000/454,000USD2012

1869 - Western Union

• Shawk and Barton built first network of telegraph stations – Western Union

1900 – 31 yr1900 – 31 yr

Higher Education in Pancevo Gymnasium

1900 – 30 yr1900 – 30 yr

1873 Panic – Stock Exchange was closed 10 days (Sept 18)

1900 – 27 yr1900 – 27 yr

Westphalia ship

•1874, March 26 – Michael Pupin entered to Castle Garden (Long Island-New York) in Westphalia ship. Trip started in Hamburg (Germany).

•He was passenger of 3rd class.

•Pupin attended high school in Prague

1900 – 26 yr1900 – 26 yr

Pupin was obsessed by picture – American

Inventors

Alexander Graham Bell (3. 3. 1847 – 2. 8 . 1922)

7. 3. 7. 3. 18761876 – Patent no 174 – Patent no 174 465, for “transmitting the 465, for “transmitting the

voice...”voice...”

1900 – 32 yr1900 – 32 yr

Phone

First Bell’s commercial First Bell’s commercial telephonetelephone

1877- Bell Telephone Company founded

Gardiner Green Hubbard – 30%

Thomas Sanders – 30%

Thomas Watson – 10%

Alexander Bell – 30% 1900 – 23 yr1900 – 23 yr

1877- Bell Telephone Company founded

1. July 9, 1877, by Alexander Graham Bell’s father-in-law Gardiner Greene Hubbard

July 11, 1877, Bell married Mabel Hubbard

2.  New England Telephone and Telegraph Company

The Bell Telephone Company was started on the basis of holding "potentially valuable patents", principally Bell's master telephone patent #174465 1900 – 23 yr1900 – 23 yr

1878-79- Bell Telephone Company

The two companies merged on February 17, 1879, to form two new entities, the National Bell Telephone Company of Boston, and the International Bell Telephone Company, HQ in Brussels, Belgium

On honeymoon trip to Europe Bell presents his invention. No contract from UK

BTC doesn’t run well. Returning from honeymoon Bell asks BTC for money

BTC in crisisAll telephone rights offered to Western Union for $ 100,000/1.95 milUSD2012. Refused by WU (toy!)

Blake offers his transmitter to BTC (as good as Edison’s of WU)

September 1878: WU starts lawsuit on Bell’s telephone patents

November 1879: WU stops the lawsuit. Agreement between BTC and WU

1900 – 21 yr1900 – 21 yr$100,000/1,703,200USD2012

$100,000/1,703,200USD2012

1882-85- Bell Telephone Company

•1882: Sanders, Hubbard and Watson sell their shares;

Bell offers his shares to his bride •Bell is offered position of chief inventor

He refuses: “I can not invent on command”•125 telephone companies in operation

•1885: Foundation of AT&T (American Telephone and Telegraph Company)

1900 – 18 yr1900 – 18 yr

Bell Telephone Company business model

BTC business model introduced by Theodore Vail (first president)

•BTC partner in entire telephone business•no equipment sold, only leasing•only BTC produced equipment is allowed to be connected to BTC network•local telephone companies under BTC umbrella•every agent had to report on infringement of Bell’s patents (expired 1893-1894)•new inventions (patents) in the field of telephony are bought or a lawsuit is started against the inventor•standardized telephone equipment by control of production

1900 – 6 yr1900 – 6 yr

Lawsuit 1

1878: WU starts lawsuit: Elisha Gray, Amos Dolbear, Thomas Edison

1879: Agreement:

•Bell was confirmed as the inventor of the telephone•WU sold his telephone network to BTC

•BTC will not operate a telegraph network in the US•WU gave BTC use of its telephone patents

David won the battle against Goliath, and became a Goliath itself within a few years

Lawsuit 3

Edison invented a.o. the carbon microphone, which was superior to Bell’s micro

Dolbear invented a.o. the “tin can telephone”, static telephone

Gray:•co-founder of Gray & Barton, which later became

Western Electric•invented the liquid microphone, initially used by Bell•filed a caveat similar to Bell’s patent on February 14,

1876, the same day

as Bell applied for his famous patent; Gray was 2 hours later

(“Of all the men who did not invent the telephone, Gray was the nearest”)

Today AT&T

Poet

1900 – 22 yr1900 – 22 yr

J.P. Morgan Invested 4.87Mil$ in Edison Electric

Illuminating Company

Morgan

Age 40Age 40

Edison

Age 31Age 31

2012 – 83Mil$2012 – 83Mil$1877 – 4.87Mil$1877 – 4.87Mil$

1878 - Columbia University – Pupin started his studies

1900 – 22 yr1900 – 22 yr

1880 – Wrestling champion in Columbia

University

1900 – 20 yr1900 – 20 yr

James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)

•Pupin expressed interest in Light Theory.

•At this time, leading authority was Maxwell, student of Michael Faraday.

Maxwell

Faraday

1882 – J.P. Morgan financed First DC Station – Pearl Street Station

– New York

1882 – 18 yr1882 – 18 yr

Originally powered by custom-made Porter-Allen high-speed steam engines designed to provide 175

horsepower at 700 rpm

Unreliable with their sensitive governors

They were removed and replaced with new engines from Armington & Sims that proved to be much

more suitable for Edison's dynamos

1882 – Tesla worked in Edison Office in Paris

Edison Age 35Edison Age 35Tesla Age 26Tesla Age 26

1900 – 18 yr1900 – 18 yr

1883 – American Citizenship

•Day before he finished studies at Columbia College, Pupin received American Citizenship

•Diploma from Columbia College

•He received Tyndall fellowship

1900 – 17 yr1900 – 17 yr

1883-1885 at Cambridge University – Trinity College

1900 – 15 yr1900 – 15 yr

1900 – 17 yr1900 – 17 yr

1884 – Tesla moved to Edison Office in New York

Edison Age 37Edison Age 37

Tesla Age 28Tesla Age 28

Edison

Tesla

For improving DC, Edison promised to Tesla $50,000

2012 – 973,250$2012 – 973,250$

1884– 50,000$1884– 50,000$

1900 – 16 yr1900 – 16 yr

1884 – Pearl Street Station – New York had 508 Users

and 10,164 Bulbs

Original Edison two-wire dc distribution line showing the half-moon cross section of the conductors and the conduit and

insulation used 1900 – 16 yr1900 – 16 yr

1885 – Tesla worked for Edison for $10/Week

Edison Age 38Edison Age 38

Tesla Age 29Tesla Age 29

Edison

Tesla

2012 – 202$2012 – 202$

1897 – 10$1897 – 10$

1900 – 15 yr1900 – 15 yr

1885-1887 - Oliver Heaviside (1850-1925)—An inventor who

failed to file crucial patents

•Patent GB 1407 – 1880, Coaxial-Cable•1892 – attend Tesla presentation held in British Electrical Engineers Institute: “Experiments with high voltage, high

frequency alternate currents” •In 1885 and 1887 in British magazine Electrician stated: “Without sufficient inductance (word first used in English Language), permitting energy to be

stored in the magnetic field of the line, efficient transmission would not be

possible and much of the energy of the signal would be transformed into the

heat”

1900 – 15-13 yr1900 – 15-13 yr

Heaviside coined the following terms of art in electromagnetic

theory:

•Electromagnetic terms•admittance (December 1887);•conductance (September 1885);•electret for the electric analogue of a permanent magnet, or, in other words, any substance that exhibits a quasi-permanent electric polarization (e.g. ferroelectric);•impedance (July 1886);•inductance (February 1886);•permeability (September 1885);•permittance (later susceptance; June 1887);•reluctance (May 1888).

1885 – Last visit of Idvor

•Went to Pancevo to ask ms Jelisaveta (Duta) Hadija to marry him.

•She resigned

•Ms Jelisaveta was of Tsintsar origin

1900 – 15 yr1900 – 15 yr

1886 – Tesla Resigned

Edison Age 39Edison Age 39Tesla Age 30Tesla Age 30

Edison

Tesla

2012 – 392$2012 – 392$

1886 – 18$1886 – 18$

•Tesla made improvement on DC motor, but Edison said that Tesla did not understood American humor about 50,000$.•Edison offered to Tesla 18$/week.•Tesla immediately resigned.•Tesla open his own company: The Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing Co.•Business did not go well – so Tesla start to dig channels for 2$ week.

1900 – 14 yr1900 – 14 yr

1886 – The Tesla Electric, Light and Manufacturing

Co.

1888, May 1st – Tesla Patent No 381,968

Tesla Age 32Tesla Age 32

1888, July Start Negotiations with

Westinghouse

Tesla Age 32Tesla Age 32

Tesla

Westinghouse

Tesla Electric Company received 75,000$ in Cash for 7 patents

2.5$ from manufactured HP of Electrical Energy

2,000$ monthly fee for consulting activities in Westinghouse company in

period of 12 months1888 – 2.5$HP/2012 – 55$1888 – 2.5$HP/2012 – 55$

1888 – 75,000$/2012-1,635,060$

1888 – 75,000$/2012-1,635,060$

1888 – 2,000/2012 – 43,602$

1888 – 2,000/2012 – 43,602$

Lagrange Equations

Joseph Louis Lagrange (Jan 25, 1736, Turin, Italy –April 10, 1813, Paris, France)

•Pupin studied Lagrange Equations. Later he used this theory to calculate wave speed, what was foundation for long distance telephony.

•Lagrange’s paper: “Research sur la nature et la propagation de Sou” was the basis for Pupin’s invention of loaded line in telephone signal transmission

1885-1889 at University of Berlin

Disertation:Der Osmotische Druck und Seine

Bezichung zur Freien Energie, June 1889 1900 – 15-11 yr1900 – 15-11 yr

Ceremony was in Greek Orthodox Church in London

1900 – 12 yr1900 – 12 yr

… sister of his classmate A. V. Williams Jackson (1862-1937)

• 1888 - MARRIED WITH SARAH KATHERINE JACKSON (APRIL 7, 1859-APRIL 25, 1896)

1889 Back to Columbia University

• Pupin returned to Columbia University to become a lecturer of mathematical physics in the newly formed Department of Electrical Engineering.

• Pupin's research pioneered carrier wave detection and current analysis.

1900 – 11 yr1900 – 11 yr

Pupin’s portrait around 1890

Broadway around 1890 and before 1874

1893 Panic

1900 – 7 yr1900 – 7 yr

Unemployment Rate on 100 Citizens

Year Lebergott

1890 4.0

1891 5.4

1892 3.0

1893 11.7

1894 18.4

1895 13.7

1896 14.5

1897 14.5

1898 12.4

1899 6.5

1900 5.0

1894 – Expired Bells patents for the telephone…

… opening the telephone industry to competition. Within a decade, over 6,000

companies went into the telephone business in localities across the country.

Phone and phone central station around 1890

1900 – 6 yr1900 – 6 yr

1895 William Jennings Bryan – Candidate for USA President –

Speeches against Tycoons

1900 – 5 yr1900 – 5 yr

1895

Rockefeller, Carnegie & Morgan donate to William McKinley, opponent of Bryan –

200,000$ each, with intention to buy President who will protect their wealth

2012 – 13,080,480 Mil$2012 – 13,080,480 Mil$

1895 – 600,000$1895 – 600,000$ 1900 – 5 yr1900 – 5 yr

Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen (27.3.1845-10.2.1925)

November 8th 1895 – made first photos of November 8th 1895 – made first photos of X-raysX-rays

1900 – 5 yr1900 – 5 yr

Tesla X-ray in Electrical Review 1896

Pupin’s X - rays

January 2, 1896 – replicate X rays January 2, 1896 – replicate X rays as secondary products of fluo as secondary products of fluo

tubes light tubes light

1900 – 4 yr1900 – 4 yr

X-ray palm

Pupin’s patent of X-ray tray

X-ray tube - today model

1896 Pupin contracted

Hemorrhagic Pneumonia

1900 – 4 yr1900 – 4 yr

• During curing of Mihajlo– his wife died

• He stopped research in the field of X-rays

Sarah Katherine Jackson Pupin died on April 25,

1896

1900 – 4 yr1900 – 4 yr

Varvara Pupin (1889 (?) Yonkers-1962 August (2?) New York)

Paja Jovanovic – Varvara Pupin,

1903

Patent 1936

1896 William McKinley was Elected as 25th President of

USA

Average Salary: 100$Panic 1896

2012 – 2,180$2012 – 2,180$

1896 – 100$1896 – 100$ 1900 – 4 yr1900 – 4 yr

1896 Adams Power Station Facts

•Notable features: Largest power station ever built until 1895. Attracted national attention due to the enormous size of the project, and collaboration of both electric giants of the continent: GE and Westinghouse contributed to the publicity engine.

•Frequency: 25 Hz, Two-Phase, Alternating Current

•Power Transmission Length: 25 miles at 11,000 volts using #1 wire

•Power system built by: Westinghouse

•Notable Engineers: Thomas Evershed

•Cataract Company: George Forbes

•Westinghouse: Benjamin G. Lamme, Oliver Shallenberger, Nikola Tesla

•General Electric: William Stanley, Dr. Louis Bell, Charles P. Steinmetz

•Maximum Power Output: 37 Megawatts: 50,000 horsepower (1896)

1900 – 4 yr1900 – 4 yr

1896 – J.P. Morgan bought all Edison’s Shares in General

Electric

•GE was most valuable company in the world – 50,000,000$

•GE used AC!•Morgan was 3rd most influenced men in USA after Rockefeller and

Carnegie

2012 – 1,090,004,000$2012 – 1,090,004,000$

1896 – 50,000,000$1896 – 50,000,000$ 1900 – 4 yr1900 – 4 yr

1896 – John Stone Stone – AT&T

•Worked for the AT&T

•First to attempt to apply Heaviside's ideas to real telecommunications.

•Stone used (1896) a bimetallic iron-copper cable which he had patented

•His cable would increase the line inductance due to the iron content and had the potential to meet the Heaviside condition.

•Left the company in 1899 - the idea was never implemented.

Before 1896 – only iron cables are used for signal transmitting.

1900 – 4 yr1900 – 4 yr

1898 Tesla Wireless Boat/Madison Square Garden

Exhibition

1900 – 2 yr1900 – 2 yr

1898 Wireless Control

•First commercial use – after 1960

1900 – 2 yr1900 – 2 yr

1899 – Tesla – Colorado Springs, May 17

1900 – 1 yr1900 – 1 yr

1899-George Ashley Campbell

•Tasked with continuing the investigation into Stone's bimetallic cable, but soon abandoned it in favor of the loading coil.

•Campbell was aware of Heaviside's work in discovering the Heaviside condition, but unaware of Heaviside's suggestion of using loading coils to enable a line to meet it.

•The motivation for the change of direction was Campbell's limited budget.

•The very first demonstration of loading coils on a telephone cable was on a 46-mile length of the so-called Pittsburgh cable (the test was actually in Boston, the cable had previously been used for testing in Pittsburgh) on September 6, 1899 carried out by Campbell himself and his assistant.

•Campbell's work on loading coils provided the theoretical basis for his subsequent work on filters which proved to be so important for frequency-division multiplexing. 1900 – 1 yr1900 – 1 yr

1899 – Nikola Tesla CompanyValue

$300,000/$200x1,500shares

Tesla entered 17 wireless patents as the value of the company

Owners of Tesla Electric Co:-- Astor 33%-- Simpson and Crawford 3.3%-Mr Mils 3.3%-- Nikola Tesla 60.4%

1900 – 1 yr1900 – 1 yr

Professor Michael Pupin cca 1900

Published 2 papers:-1899: “Propagation of Long Electrical Waves”- 1900: “Wave transmission over Non-uniform Cables and Long Distance Lines”…“with special designed coils (later called Pupin Coils), at regular intervals, telephony on underground cable could be extended by few hundred kilometers and on o/w by several thousand kilometers without an increase of cable diameter.”

1900 – 0 yr1900 – 0 yr

1900 – Second Mandate William McKinley as USA President

Vice-president – Theodore Roosevelt

1900 – 0 yr1900 – 0 yr

1900 Tesla start Wardenclyffe Project

Morgan Invest 150,000$ for 51% of Tesla Electric Co.

1900 – 0 yr1900 – 0 yr2012 – 3,270,120$2012 – 3,270,120$

1900 – 150,000$1900 – 150,000$

Morgan bought Tesla wireless Patents

Owners of Tesla Electric Co:

-Morgan 51%-- Astor 33%

-- Simpson and Crawford 3.3%-Mr Mils 3.3%-- Nikola Tesla

9.4%

1900 – Contract with AT&T, June 19

2012 – 9,919,000$2012 – 9,919,000$

1900 – 445,000$1900 – 445,000$

1900 – 0 yr1900 – 0 yr

Highest price ever paid for the formula!AT&T bought patent rights for patents (1900)632,230632,231

Pupin’s Loading Coil – Schematic Diagram

Heaviside Line model – Schematic Diag.

Loading coil

Original Pupin’s Loading Coil in Smithsonian

Museum

Producing Coils-Hose

Pupin’s Coil

•Pupin's 1894 patent "loads" the line with capacitors rather than inductors, a scheme that has been criticised as being theoretically flawed and never put into practice.

•One variant of the capacitor scheme proposed by Pupin does indeed have coils.

•These are not intended to compensate the line in any way. They are there merely to restore DC continuity to the line so that it may be tested with regular equipment.

•Pupin states that the inductance is to be so large that it will block all AC signals above 50 Hz. (Start fight with Tesla)

•Consequently, only the capacitor is adding any significant impedance to the line and "the coils will not exercise any material influence on the results before noted

Heviside-Pupin Legal BattleCampbell was the first to actually construct a telephone circuit using loading coils.

Heaviside never patented his idea; no commercial advantage of any of his work. Heaviside was the first to publish and many would dispute Pupin's priority.

AT&T fought a legal battle with Pupin over his claim. Pupin was first to patent but Campbell had already conducted practical demonstrations before Pupin had even filed his patent (December 1899). Campbell's delay in filing was due to the slow internal machinations of AT&T. AT&T foolishly deleted from Campbell's proposed patent application all the tables and graphs detailing the exact value of inductance that would be required before the patent was submitted.

Since Pupin's patent contained a (less accurate) formula, AT&T was open to claims of incomplete disclosure.By January 1901 Pupin had been paid $200,000 /$4.36milUSD2012 and by 1917, when the AT&T monopoly ended and payments ceased, he had received a total of $455,000 /9.9milUSD2012

Benefit to AT&T

It has been estimated that AT&T saved $100 million in the first quarter of the 20th century.

$100mil/1,816milUSD2012$100mil/1,816milUSD2012

1901 US President McKinley was killed – Theodore

Roosevelt was 26th President of USA

1901 + 1 yr1901 + 1 yr

1901 – Marconi sent “Letter S” over Atlantic Ocean

1901 + 1 yr1901 + 1 yr

Marconi Age 27Marconi Age 27

Marconi used Morse code to transfer signal from Newfoundland to England

Morgan lost interest for Tesla experiments

Implementation of Pupin Coil

•1902 – 17km – New York – Newark

•1906 – 127km – New York – New Heaven

•1906 – 140km – New York – Philadelphia

•724km – Boston – New York- Washington (before telephone amplifiers) – Coil on every 1,850m

1902-1906 + 2-6 yr

1902-1906 + 2-6 yr

Pupin in Europe

1902 + 2 yr1902 + 2 yr

•1902 – 32km – Berlin-Postdam

Pupin in Europe

•1904, February 4 – Pupin improved patent with the help of Siemens-Halske company

•Siemens immediately bought patent

•Pupin got 1/3 of the Siemens profit

1904 + 4 yr1904 + 4 yr

Twisted-pair cables•Beginning of twisted-pairing cables

–1.5mm – w/o Pupin coils – 40 km, w Pupin coils 220km

–2mm – w/o Pupin coils – 60km, w Pupin coils 320km

•1906 – underwater paper-taped insulating cables – 12km – 7 pairs. Depth – 250m, 22 Pupin Coils – Lake Constance

1906 + 6 yr1906 + 6 yr

First underground cable Berlin-Cologne (600km)

1904 - Theodore Roosevelt 26th President of USA – Second

Mandate

1904 + 4 yr1904 + 4 yr

1904 – Roosevelt start Campaign against

Rockefeller and Morgan

1904 + 4 yr1904 + 4 yr

1905 – First Flight, Dec 5, Wright Brothers

1905 + 5 yr1905 + 5 yr

1905 – Albert Einstein General Theory of Relativity

Einstein Age 26Einstein Age 26

1905 + 5 yr1905 + 5 yr

1907 - Panic

1907 + 7 yr1907 + 7 yr

1909 – William Howard Taft – 27. President of the USA

1909 + 9 yr1909 + 9 yr

1911 – Honorary deputy Consul of Kingdom of Serbia in New York

1911 + 11 yr1911 + 11 yr

1915 – Albert Einstein Special Theory of Relativity

Einstein Age 36Einstein Age 36

1915 + 15 yr1915 + 15 yr

1915, March 3- NACA founders (today NASA)

1915 + 15 yr1915 + 15 yr

1917 – Pupin Patents expiredHe realized more than $1

million

1917 + 17 yr1917 + 17 yr$1mil/18.6MilUSd2012 $1mil/18.6MilUSd2012

Our Dreams about Size of

Serbia

Serbia to Tokio

Serbia to Tokio

TodayAnatoly Aleksievic Klyosov

(Harvard)Serbs are oldest in Europe

Vinca Civilization -5000B.C.

King Dusan Empire, cca

1350

Balkan 1355 - Turkish Maps

King Dusan Empire -Military

Archive in Pecsuj

Douchan Le Grand Empire - Population of Serbs

Europe cca 1350 A.D.

Rumelia & Anatolia

Europe - 1490 A.D.

Sanjak of Bosnia 17 c

Serbia 1833-1878

I Serbian Uprising 1804

II Serbian Uprising 1815

The Convention of Ackerman 1826

& Treaty in Adrianople

1829 &

Hatt-I-Shariff recognized suzerainity of Serbia

I Serbian Constitution - February 15, 1835

1821

Greek War Of Indenpendence

Serbian Vojvodina – after Austrian 1848 Revolution

Herzegovina Uprising (1875-

1878)Omar Pasha

Congress of Berlin - 1878

1876 Serbia proclaimed unification with Bosnia and

declared war on the Ottoman Emire

Albanian Four Vilayets (1875-1878)

Ethnical Map on Balkans -1880

Vilayet of Kosovo 1881-1912

First Balkan War (October 1912-May 1913)

Balkan League (Serbia, Greece, Montenegro &

Bulgaria) againstOttoman Empire

Some Extension of Balkan Countries

Creation of independent Albanian state)

London Conference was signed on Dec 3, 1912

Bulgaria was not satisfied

Balkans – Treaty of Bucharest

June 29, 1913 - August 10, 1913

Bulgaria vs Serbia+Greece

Treaty in Bucharest signed August 10,

1913

Macedonia 1913

After WWI

1918 - Pupin Negotiator in Versaille Agreement

1918 + 18 yr1918 + 18 yr

Man-Wolf-Boat-Cabbage Problem

Friendship with Woodrow Wilson

Pupin was member of Republican Party – Wilson of Democrat party

American president Wilson was Pupin’s friend. This friendship helped Pupin to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 for the formation of former

Yugoslavia

Pupin was assistant of Nikola Pasic on Versailles Treaty –

1918 - 1919

1918 – 18 yr1918 – 18 yr

• Pupin was assistant of Nikola Pasic, Serbian Prime Minister of Kingdom of Serbia (later prime minister of Kingdom of Yugoslavia)

Pupin was assistant of Nikola Pasic on Versailles Treaty –

1918 - 1919

• He motivated American President Woodrow Wilson to give to Serbia parts of Austro-Hungarian Empire (Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Hercegovina). At this time Macedonia and Montenegro were part of Serbian Kingdom.

1918 – 18 yr1918 – 18 yr

... cont.

• Because Pupin’s authority, Pasic, who had strong karma, did not accept to be minor player, and removed Pupin from his negotiation team

• Negotiations without Pupin did not advanced, so Pasic call Pupin back after 3 months. Pupin accepted his call because of higher interests of the situation.

• In his speech to Congress on January 8, 1918, known as the Fourteen Points speech, U.S. president Woodrow Wilson, inspired by his conversations with Pupin, insisted on the restoration of Serbia and Montenegro, as well as autonomy for the peoples of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy.

Woodrow Wilson speech in Congress:

January 8, 1918 – 14 points

• 1.Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.

• 2.Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.

• 3.The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.

• 4.Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.

• 5.A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.

• 6.The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development and national policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy.

• 7.Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law is forever impaired.

• 8.All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.

• 9.A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.

• 10.The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development.

• 11.Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into.

• 12.The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees.

• 13.An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.

• 14.A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

Serbia then and now

1929 – Great Depression

1929 + 29 yr1929 + 29 yr2012 – 1.062$2012 – 1.062$

1929 – 100$1929 – 100$

1931- Coaxial Cable Patent, Dec 8, 1931 - Bell Labs Project

1931 + 31 yr1931 + 31 yr

1935 – Tesla visited Pupin in Hospital

Tesla Age 79Tesla Age 79

Pupin Died – Tesla visited him in the hospital

Pupin Died at Age 81

Pupin Died at Age 81

1935 + 35 yr1935 + 35 yr

Died on March 12, 1935

1935 – 35 yr1935 – 35 yr

Pupin Died at Age 81

Pupin Died at Age 81

Newspapers about Pupin’s Death

HONORS AND TRIBUTES

1904 – Honorary Member of Electrical Engineering Society

1915 – Ph.D. Law – Johns Hopkins University

1920 - Edison Medal to Micheal Pupin

Friend with Thomas Edison

1922 – Fellow of American Geographical Society

1922 – Woodrow Wilson Award

1924 – Pulitzer PrizeCirculation: 100,000

1924 – Pulitzer Prize Letter

1924 -Doctor of Law Diploma

1925 – Ph.D in Humane Letters

1926 – Ph.D. Of Law - Berkeley

1932 – John Fritz Medal

1932 – Engineerings Honor

After Pupin’s Death

Pupin Hall at Columbia University

Painting of Michael Pupin in Pupin Hall – Columbia

University

Pupin Medalist

Cont...

On Yugoslav banknote – cca 1990

2002 – Yugoslav President Kostunica donate Pupin’s Bust

to Columbia University

2004 Pupin Medal – Serbian Academy of Science – 150

Years from Pupin Birth

Pupin’s Portrait in Idvor

Institute “Mihajlo Pupin” – Belgrade, Serbia

ONE MORE THING

Donations

Value of donation in original USD

USD0.00USD200,000.00USD400,000.00USD600,000.00USD800,000.00

USD1,000,000.00

USD1,200,000.00

USD1,400,000.00

USD1,600,000.00

USD1,800,000.00

1914 1919 1921 1923 1925 1927 1929 1931 1933 1935 1937 1939 1941 1943

In original USD 340,681-3,928,339USD2012 • Fond Pijade Aleksic Pupin• $8,342/108,194USD2012

Golden bell for Church on Kajmakcalan

Bell was stolen

1919 – Donation of Canbanaria in

Ochrid

• Pupin donate Golden Bell to church Sveta Bogorodica Perivlepta

• Value of donation 50,000 USD in 2010 USD

PupinNASA founder

Petar Kocovic

July 10, 2013

Gradjevinski fakultet, Beograd