pushpendra and mehra
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Radhasoami
Biodiesel:A Step Towards self Reliance
Pushpendra Kumar
Abhishek Mehra
B.Tech. Part-IIIMech. Engg., IT-BHU
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
"The use of vegetable oilsfor engine fuels may
seem insignificanttoday. But such oils maybecome in the course of
time as important aspetroleum and coal tarproducts of the presenttime."-- Rudolph Diesel, 1912
Rudolf Diesel used peanutoil to run the first ever
diesel engine.
(1858-1913)
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
Why Search For An AlternativeFuel??
Two Major Issues..
Rate of oil Consumption..
Environmental Pollution
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
1) Rate Of Oil Consumption
Peak Coincides With 50%Oil Depletion And IsYR2000
Oil Demand Increasing2%YR.
Production Decreasing8%YR
By year2010 we requireadditional 50 millionbarrels per day
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
2) Environmental Pollution
The above "Keeling Curve" shows the increasein total concentrations of CO2 in the
atmosphere from 1957.
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A Sustainable Future WithoutHydrocarbons
Our Vision
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So We Need!!!!!!
Renewable fuels with lesser Pollution
Potential Biofuels:
Ethanol
Biodiesel
Bio-hydrogen
Biogases
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
What Are Biodiesels???
A Fuel composed ofmono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty
acids derived from
i. vegetable oils,
ii. animal fats,
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
TransesterificationA multi-step process, the overall Reaction
looks like this:
Triglyceride 3 Methanols Biodiesel Glycerin+
Lye Catalyst
Fatty AcidAlcoholGlycerin
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
Biodiesel Samples
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
WHY Biodiesel???
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
The Answer to a number ofissues!
National Security: Lessdependence on importedPetroleum.
Environment: Reduction in
greenhouse gases Public Health: Less toxic to
human health.
Economic: Aid to IndianFarmers.
Operations: Performanceenhancer to conventionaldiesel.
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
Biodiesel vs. Petroleum Diesel?
Similar reliability
Similar fuel economy
Similar power output
Similar engine torque
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
Exploration
Refining
Use in Cars and Trucks
Fossil CO2
Release to Atmosphere
PETRO-DIESEL CO2 CYCLE13 pounds of fossil CO2 released per gallon burned
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BIODIESEL CO2 CYCLENo fossil CO2 Released ; No global
warming
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Emissions Reductions
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
Diesel CNG LNG Methanol Ethanol B20Vehicle Cost 10 5 5 5 5 10Infrastructure Cost 10 2 5 5 5 10Safety 7 4 3 1 3 8Operating Range 10 5 10 10 10 10Operating Cost 10 5 7 5 5 7Reliability 10 7 5 3 3 10Customer Accept. 5 8 8 8 9 8Funds Assistance 1 10 2 0 2 2Training Costs 10 5 5 5 5 10Fuel Availability 10 10 5 5 5 6Fuel Quality 9 5 10 8 8 9Price Stability 6 8 8 6 6 6Totals 98 74 73 61 66 96
RELATIVE GRADING OF FUELS
0- LEAST DESIRABLE
10- MOST FAVORABLE
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Biodiesel Revolution InINDIA
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INDIAN SCENARIO India ranks 6th in energy demand with an oil import of
Rs. 6,000 Billions p.a.,
India consumes 3.5% of global energy demand.
Fulfill the conditions of Kyoto Protocol agreement(signed by India in Aug2002).
Biodiesel processing cost in India is almost
one-third of that in European countries and the US.
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
CAN BIODIESEL WORK IN INDIA? India with just 2.4% of global area supportsmore than 16% of the human population and
17% of the cattle population.
India is one of the largest importers of edible oil.
A sustainable source of vegetable oil is to befound before we can think of biodiesel.
Where will we find the oil for biodiesel?
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
JATROPHA MAY BETHEANSWER!!!
Low cost seeds
High oil content
Can sustain long periods of drought.
Minimum management.
The cultivable land area about 100-110 millionhectares are classified as waste land (economicsurvey)
A b i f C St d
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ENERGY
Employment
OTHER
10 M Hectares of
waste land
30 mmt of seeds
9.5 mt of Oil
2 Million new Jobs
200 New Extraction unitsof 250 tpd capacity
11 mt of organic manure
0.4 mt of glycerol
A brief Case Study.
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
Effect on Rural Economy Seed price Rs. 5/Kg.
Seed yield 3000Kg / hectare. 5 hectare plantation / family.
75,000 Rs / year income.
Additionally :
Waste lands converted to national resources.
Saving of Rs 20,000 crore p.a (Planning
Commission report).
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
Will the cost of Biodieselcomparable to the Diesel??????Off course Yes
with the following ASSUMPTIONS:
Seed contains 35% oil,
Oil extraction will be 91-92% per seed,
1.05 Kg of oil yields 1 Kg of Biodiesel andrecovery from sale of glycerol will be at therate of Rs. 40-60 per Kg.
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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance
O.Kso whats the downside?Very little!
Problem: Less tolerant to cold than petroleum diesel Solution: Use in combination with petroleum diesel,
and/or use an anti-gel agent
Problem: Clogging of fuel filters Solution: Change fuel filters frequently during transition
Problem: Fuel line incompatibility in older cars
Solution:Replace natural rubber with Viton synthetic parts
Problem: Accessibility: Harder to find biodiesel.
Solution: Wait a bit - slowly improving
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ConclusionE3- ENERGY,EMPLOYMENT AND
ENVIRONMENT
Biodiesel
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SPECIAL THANKS
To
Prof. B.B. Bansal,(Mech.Engg Deptt.)
Dr. Hadi Hasan (App. Chemistry Deptt.) Dr. P.K. Mishra (Chemical Engg. Deptt.)
All the lab staff member of Applied
Chemistry Department and ChemicalEngg. Department.
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