putting civil society and volunteering on the economic map of the world:

Putting Civil Society and VolunteeringPutting Civil Society and Volunteering

On the Economic Map of the World:On the Economic Map of the World:

The Opportunity and the Challenge for theThe Opportunity and the Challenge for the

Broader Middle East and North AfricaBroader Middle East and North Africa

Megan A. HaddockJohns Hopkins University

Jordan January 28, 2010

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

Museums

Hospitals

TradeAssociations

Universities

EnvironmentalGroups Clinics

Human Rights Organizations

ProfessionalOrganizations Sports Clubs

Day CareCenters

Foundations

Personal Social Services

Treatment Of Nonprofit InstitutionsTreatment Of Nonprofit InstitutionsIn The SNAIn The SNA

HHouseholds

GGovernment Units

NPISHSector

S.15

HouseholdsSector

S.14

General Government

SectorS.13

Nonfinancial Corporations

SectorS.11

Sectors of the SNA SystemType of Institutional Unit Financial

Corporations SectorS.12

C1Corporations C2

N4N3N2N1

Nonprofit Institutions

N5

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

Project CountriesProject Countries

The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project

Venezuela Colombia

Brazil

Chile

Mexico

Argentina

Slovakia

Hungary

Romania

Poland

Japan

United States

Australia

Israel

Ireland

TheNetherlands

Austria

Spain

Germany

FinlandBelgium

France

Norway

Italy

United Kingdom

New Zealand

Canada

Egypt

Kenya

Tanzania

UgandaSouth

Africa

India

Pakistan

The Philippine

s

Korea

Thailand

Portugal

Morocco

Ghana

Peru

Lebanon

Switzerland

Sweden Czech Republic

Denmark

Russia

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

• Organizations

• Private

• Non-Profit-Distributing

• Self-Governing

• Noncompulsory

Common FeaturesCommon Features

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

$1.9 trillion in operating expenditures

48.4 million full time equivalent jobs

4.6% of economically active population

The Scale of Nonprofit Activity, 40 CountriesThe Scale of Nonprofit Activity, 40 Countries

Country GDP (trillion $)United States $11.7Japan 4.6Germany 2.7

China 1.7

United Kingdom 2.1

France 1.9

Italy 1.2

Civil Society Land Expenditures (40 Countries)

1.9*

Canada 1.0Spain 1.0Brazil 0.6Russia 0.6

* In 2004 U.S. Dollars

Source of GDP Figures: World Bank

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

If the civil society sector were a country...If the civil society sector were a country...

CSO workforce as a share of the economically CSO workforce as a share of the economically active population, by countryactive population, by country

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

3.2% 6.4% 9.6%New Zealand

2.4%

2.8%

2.6%

2.6%

3.2%

3.7%

2.8%

4.6%

2.2%

4.9%

5.8%

5.9%

2.5%

6.4%

8.6%

5.1%

8.6%

10.2%

9.0%

10.1%

1.8%

1.5%

2.4%

3.1%

2.7%

3.0%

4.5%

3.0%

5.6%

3.9%

3.0%

3.1%

7.0%

3.1%

2.3%

5.8%

2.4%

1.3%

3.2%

5.8%

4.3%4.3%

5.0%5.7%5.9%

6.8%7.3%

7.6%7.8%

8.8%8.9%9.0%

9.6%9.6%

10.9%11.0%11.0%

11.4%12.3%

15.9%

ItalySpainChile

FinlandArgentinaGermanyNorwayAustralia

AustriaDenmark

United StatesFrance

SwedenJapan

IrelandUnited Kingdom

BelgiumIsrael

CanadaNetherlands

3.3% 2.3% 5.6%41 countries

Paid StaffVolunteers

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

0.7%0.9%1.0%1.0%

1.5%1.5%1.7%

1.9%1.9%2.0%2.1%2.1%2.3%2.4%

3.2%3.3%3.4%

4.2%4.2%4.2%

RomaniaPoland

PakistanSlovakiaMorocco

IndiaCzech Republic

PhilippinesTanzaniaHungary

PeruKenya

ColombiaUganda

EgyptBrazil

South AfricaMexico

PortugalKorea, Rep. of

5.6%41 countries

Paid StaffVolunteers

CSO workforce as a share of the economically CSO workforce as a share of the economically active population, by countryactive population, by country

48.4Nonprofit Orgs.*

110.4

46.5

41.3

6.2

Manufacturing

Construction

Transportation

Utilities

Number of employees (millions)

* Including volunteers

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

Nonprofit Organization Workforce in context, Nonprofit Organization Workforce in context,

40 countries40 countries

FeesFees53%53%

GovernmentGovernment35%35%

PhilanthropyPhilanthropy12%12%

Sources Of Civil Society Revenue Sources Of Civil Society Revenue (34 Country average)(34 Country average)

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

Key Refinements in Key Refinements in HandbookHandbook Measurement of NPIsMeasurement of NPIs

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

• NPI Satellite Account

Treatment of Nonprofit InstitutionsTreatment of Nonprofit Institutionsin the Satellite Accountin the Satellite Account

Nonprofit Sector

N=NPI

Closing Balance Sheet

Generation of income account

NPISHSectorS.15

HouseholdsSectorS.14

GeneralGov’t

SectorS.13

NonfinancialCorpsSectorS.11

Sectors of the SNA System

Variable FinancialCorps SectorS.12

Production Account

NPI NPITOTAL NPI TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL NPI

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

Completed Satellite AccountsCompleted Satellite Accounts• Australia*

• Belgium*

• Canada*

• Czech Republic

• France*

• Israel

• Japan

• Mozambique

• New Zealand

• Norway

• United States

* Multiple versions available

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

8-CountryAverage

United States2003

Canada2000

Japan 2004

NewZealand

2004

Belgium 2001

Australia 1999

France 2002

CzechRepublic

2004

5.2%

7.3% 7.2%

5.2% 5.0% 4.9% 4.7%4.2%

1.3%

NPI Contribution to GDP, Including Volunteers, NPI Contribution to GDP, Including Volunteers, by Country and 8-Country Averageby Country and 8-Country Average

Volunteers ContributionNPIs Only

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

NPI Sector8-CountryAverage

Electricity,Gas and

Water supply

Construction FinancialIntermediation

Transport,Storage and

Communication

Contribution to GDP, NPI vs. Other Industries, Contribution to GDP, NPI vs. Other Industries, 8-Country Average8-Country Average

5.0%

2.4%

5.1%5.6%

7.0%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

5-CountryAverage

CzechRepublic

2002-2005

Belgium 2000-2004

Canada1997-2003

United States

1997-2006

Japan 2000-2004

Data not available on Australia, France, and New Zealand Does not include volunteer labor

18%

16%

14%

12%

10%

8%

6%

4%

2%

0%

-2%

Total EconomyNPI Sector

8.1%

16.6%

7.0%6.4% 6.2%

4.4%4.1%

6.7%

3.6%

5.4% 5.3%

-0.3%

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

Average Annual Growth of NPIs Average Annual Growth of NPIs vs. Total Economy, 5 Countriesvs. Total Economy, 5 Countries

52.9%

42%

66.2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 60% 70%40% 50%

Health

SocialServices

Sports &Recreation

NPI Share of Belgian Value Added,NPI Share of Belgian Value Added,Selected Fields, 2001Selected Fields, 2001

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

• NPI Satellite Account

• Volunteer Labor

Key Refinements in Key Refinements in HandbookHandbook Measurement of NPIsMeasurement of NPIs

Paid WorkersPaid Workers56%56%

VolunteersVolunteers44%44%

Civil Society Organization Paid vs. Volunteer Labor, Civil Society Organization Paid vs. Volunteer Labor, 37 Countries37 Countries

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

47.6 million (including religion)

Charitable Giving

32%

Value of Volunteerin

g68%

Total value of private philanthropy, including religion = $564 bn.

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

Volunteering Input as a Share of Total Private Volunteering Input as a Share of Total Private Philanthropy, 36 CountriesPhilanthropy, 36 Countries

• ca. 140 million people• 20.8 million FTE jobs’• $400 billion contribution to the economy

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

Volunteering in 37 CountriesVolunteering in 37 Countries

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

mill

ions

of F

TE jo

bs

20.8

Volunteers

5.2

Utilities(water, gas, electr.)

34.4

Transportation

38.4

Construction

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

FTE Volunteers vs. Employment in Selected FTE Volunteers vs. Employment in Selected Industries, 37 CountriesIndustries, 37 Countries

5

10

15

GD

P C

ontr

ibut

ion

Bill

ions

of C

anad

ian

$

$14.1 billion

Volunteers Motor Vehicle Mfg. Agriculture

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

Contribution to GDP Volunteers vs. Selected Contribution to GDP Volunteers vs. Selected Industries, CanadaIndustries, Canada

$6.1 billion

$12.8 billion

Putting Volunteer Work on the Putting Volunteer Work on the Economic Map Of The WorldEconomic Map Of The World

Johns Hopkins, International Labour Organization, and United Nations Join Forces

April 30, 2007FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

Approach - ProcessApproach - Process

• Use of labour force surveys

• Development of survey module & Manual

• Advisory panel/Technical Experts Group

• 18th International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 24 November 2008

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

Broad Definition of Volunteering

“Unpaid non-compulsory work; that is, time individuals give without pay to activities performed either through

organizations or directly for others outside their own household.”

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

Let’s not lose this opportunity…Let’s not lose this opportunity…

For more info:

visit: www.ccss.jhu.eduemail: Megan.Haddock@jhu.edu