pv - diesel system concept march 08
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
PV Injection in Isolated GridPV Injection in Isolated Grid
EU PV Platform WG4
March 2008
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels March 20082
ContentContent
1. Objective
2. Context
3. Power Demand and Load Profile
4. PV options
5. Case Study
6. Potential in Mauritania and Burkina Faso
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels (March 20083
To study the feasibility to inject solar PV electricity into existing isolated grids (mini or local) run by diesel gensets
Different scenario of load profile
Assessment of cost-effectiveness and sensitivity to fuel prices
Results dissemination through the Rural Electrification Club of 10 African countries, EEI project
1.1. Subtask Objective Subtask Objective
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels March 20084
Many rural villages and towns rely on inefficient and costly diesel gensets or fuel oil power plants (200kW and 5 MW)
Several dozens such gensets in each Sahelian country
Often the easiest power solution in off-grid areas
Priority to minimise initial cost and maximise the number of beneficiaries
Need to provide enough and flexible electrical power for significant economic development
Context of steady increase of fuel prices Recent experiences in hybrid and in Western PV Grid connection
2.2. ContextContext
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels March 20085
African experiences with isolated thermal grid (threshold size, tariff, full-cost recovery, subsidized kWh => different levels of service)
Load profiles (peak and minimum) in major towns and smaller towns
Water pumping can be shifted (storage)
3.3. Power Demand and Load Profile Power Demand and Load Profile
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels March 20086
Historical evolution
100% PV Solar Power Plant
System oversizing to ensure reliable service
Hybrid PV systems (with battery)
Still expensive approach
Significant progresses of inverters technology
Limited PV injection (without battery) in an isolated mini or local grid supplied by:
hydro power plant (e.g. Philippines 1MWp +7MW hy)
thermal power plant
4.4. PV options PV options
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels March 20087
PV - HP Load Dispatch (with part of the Nepalese system as example)
Nepal Power System: Partial load curve for 29.12.1996(original - no PV)
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Nepal Power System: Partial load curve for 29.12.1996(revised - with PV: 12 MWp)
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Thermal power (imports and own generation)Pondage hydro
PV contribution
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels March 20088
Inverter
Genset n1 Genset n2
Synchronisation
PV Array
Isolated Grid
6-8h 8-10h 10-12h 12-14h 14-16h 16-18h
Solar Production
6-8h 8-10h 10-12h 12-14h 14-16h 16-18h
Thermal Production
6-8h 8-10h 10-12h 12-14h 14-16h 16-18h
Daytime Demand
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels (March 20089
Effect of load profile:
peak load shaving solution
contribution to the base power production
Major benefit = reduce fuel consumption but no reduction of genset size
3 levels of PV injection
High injection rate (similar to "hybrid")
Medium injection rate (> 50% of min. demande)
Low injection rate (< 50% of min. demande)
No storage but minimum impact on grid stability
Affect genset load factor and specific consumption
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels (EPIA) October 200710
Solar production
Without storage, all production is injected!
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels March 200811
gasoil
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25% 50% 75% 100% 110%PSC
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gasoil
Genset production
Lower load factor higher specific consumption
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels (EPIA) March 200812
5.5. Case Study Case Study -- MauritaniaMauritania
Scattered settlement low power demand
SOMELEC: 14 isolated grids (2-3 generators)
Case of Mbout town (~10.000 inhab.) in Gorgol
Equipment: 2 diesel gensets (200 + 80 kW)
Typical load diagrams: peak/min. = 110/40 kW
Thermal production: 550 MWh/yr ('06) 296 gr/l
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels (EPIA) March 200813
Typical Load Diagram - M'Bout 2007
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Daily Peak Maxi(June)
Daily Peak Min(January)
Average max
Average min
Solar ArrayPow er (kWp)
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels (EPIA) March 200814
Solar Radiation in plane of PV array
0,001,002,003,004,005,006,007,008,009,00
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y NemaAtar"average Nema""average Atar"
Solar Radiation
Average in Mbout area = 5,5 kWh/m/d
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels (EPIA) March 200815
PV Injection
Solar generator: 20 kWp (50%) @ 5,5 kWh/m/d
Solar production: 31,4 MWh/yr (6%)
No battery
Power Balance
Net Thermal Power required (see next figure)
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels (EPIA) March 200816
Typical Load Diagram - M'Bout 2007
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hours
k
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Daily PeakMaxi (June)
Daily PeakMin(January)Solar ArrayPow er (kW)
ThermalPow er - Max
ThermalPow er - min
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels (EPIA) March 200817
Preliminary economics
Cost of the diesel kWh: 0.147 /kWh @ 0.5 /l (06)
Cost of the diesel kWh: 0.3 /kWh @ 1 /l (07)
Solar kWh cost : 0.22 /kWh with 7/Wp 20 yrs
Threshold if diesel price = 0.75 /l same kWh prices
Annual fuel savings: ~ 7.5 tons/yr
CO2 Savings: ~ 24 Tons/yr
O&M cost: no additional cost for PV injection
Conclusion for PV injection
For SOMELEC: not directly cost-effective today
For Mauritania economy: direct viability is rather obvious
For N+SONABEL : cost-effective today
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Isolated units run by SOMELECIsolated units run by SOMELEC
Brussels March 200818
Anne 2006 MIN 2006 MIN/MAX
Nma kW 560 160 29%
Timbdra kW 245 40 16%
Aioun kW 480 210 44%
Tintane kW 235 47 20%
Kiffa kW 930 400 43%
Gurou kW 395 80 20%
Slibaby kW 590 140 24%
Mbout kW 110 40 36%
Tidjekja kW 320 150 47%
M.Lehjar kW 150 35 23%
Aleg kW 430 120 28%
Boutilimit kW 405 190 47%
Akjoujet kW 600 120 20%
Bogh kW 0 270
TOTAL (sauf
Bogh)5 450 Moyenne 31%
6. Mobilising Investment funds6. Mobilising Investment funds
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Isolated units run Isolated units run by FDE by FDE not 24hnot 24h
Brussels March 200819
Nom Puissance (kVA)Po 1983 110Lo 1983 170Bogand 1999 284Gorom-Gorom 1999 344Manga 1999 359Gourcy 1997 360Boulsa 1999 455Hounde 1986 560Diapaga 1999 565Bittou 1999 604Djibo 1999 604Kongoussi 1997 800Nouna 1986 960Boromo 1998 1 150Diebougou 1991 1 230Dori 1991 1 290Tougan 2005 1 300Yako 1983 1 311Gaoua 1983 2 040Kaya 1998 2 850Dedougou 1972 4 325Fada-N'Gourma 1986 5 140Ouahigouya 2005 5 250Koudougou 1969 7 950total 32 061
kVABagassi 180Solenzo 250Mogtedo 70Gayeri 100Bati 120Seytenga 40Sebba 100Sapouy 140Bouna 40
1 040
kVABagassi 180Solenzo 250Mogtedo 70Gayeri 100Bati 120Seytenga 40Sebba 100Sapouy 140Bouna 40
1 040
Isolated units run by Isolated units run by Sonabel 24hSonabel 24h
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels (EPIA) March 200820
20kWP @7000 / kWp : 140 000
Makes a lot of sense over the life time
Issue of mobilising funds today
Capital
Long term financing is not available from banks
Other facilities such as GEEREF?
Potential is very big taking a very low limit
2*20kWp and 5*50kWp Mauritania: ~2 M
8*50kWp in Burkina Faso : ~2,8M
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Next steps by WG 4?Next steps by WG 4?
Brussels (EPIA) October 200721
Mauritania:
IED is the TA for the rehabilitation of the Diesel units
SOMELEC does not want to fund PV
Has mandated IED to mobilise funds for PV hybrids
If WG 4 can come up with a demonstration or financing scheme, the Tariff can be discussed
At this stage, more complicated to address ADER
Burkina Faso
IED is doing the RE planning
Discussing a Fit with SONABEL is open
Question is the financing scheme
FDE Fonds dElectrification rurale is mobilising funds
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Brussels (EPIA) October 200722
TchadTchad
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Innovation Energie Dveloppement
Thank YouThank You
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