pycnogenol for respiratory health
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8/12/2019 Pycnogenol for Respiratory Health
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Respiratory Health
L O O K , F E E L A N D L I V E B E T T E R
8/12/2019 Pycnogenol for Respiratory Health
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Pycnogenol® normalizes immune response
n human studies Pycnogenol has shown diverse
nt - n ammatory act v ty Gr mm et a ., 2006 . B oo
rom uman Pycnogeno consumers was oun to
nhibit the inflammatory “Main switch” NF-kB by in
verage 15%. T e express on o a ma or ty o pro- n-
ammatory genes s governe y NF- B, suc as eu-otrienes, cytokines and adhesion molecules. Some of
ese mo ecu es are nown to p ay a ro e n t e onset
ast ma. T e part a n t on o NF- B owers t e
ensitivity level for triggering an immune response,
w c w e p prevent an ast mat c attac . Fo ow-
ng consumpt on o Pycnogeno act vate mmune
ells from human volunteers secreted significantly less
onnect ve t ssue egra ng enzymes matr x meta -
oprote nases MMP-9 Gr mm et a ., 2006 . T ese
nzymes greatly affect pulmonary function of asth-at c pat ents. For eta e n ormat on p ease re er
o - .
Pycnogenol® has antihistaminic potency
ycnogeno was oun to ose- epen ent y n t
he release of histamine from mast cells challenged
w t an rr tant S arma et a ., 2002 . Pycnogeno
w t us e p prevent an mme ate mmune reac-
ion towards challenge with an antigen as it occurs
n ay- ever. Interest ng y, n t ese exper ments w tast ce s Pycnogeno was oun to e at east as
e ect ve or oc ng stam ne re ease as a w e y
used pharmaceutical anti-histaminic remedy: sodium
c romog ycate.
Pycnogenol® for management of asthma
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study
as nvest gate t e e ect o Pycnogeno n 22 pa-
t ents 18- 50 year o age , su erng rom ast ma s nce
1 and up to 16 years [Hosseini et al., 2001]. Patients
were ran om y ass gne to e t er t e Pycnogeno
group, rece v ng 1 mg/ / ay w t out excee ng
200 mg/day), or to the group receiving placebo for 4
wee s. T erea ter, su ects were crosse over to t ea ternate reg men.
irway obstruction and symptoms in asthma and hay-fever alike are the result of inappropriate responses
o t e o y‘s immune system towar s instances w ic are mista en y perceive as arm u . A ergens
ausing t ese reactions to t e respiratory system are most common y po en, ust, an anima air. W en
an allergic person comes into contact with an allergen, a particular subset of the immune system, the
ast ce s, re ease t e tissue- ormone istamine. During t is imme iate reaction istamine triggers t e
pectrum o symptoms so common to a ergies: sneezing, nasa congestion, coug ing, w eezing, itc ing,
and bronchial swellings. Essentially the same mechanisms prevail in allergic asthma which causes episodes
o w eezy reat essness. However, ast matic attac s may a so e triggere y c emica irritants suc as
to acco smo e or car ex aust, certain me ications, co air an even exercise or psyc ic in uences.
Respiratory health: hay-fever and asthma
Pycnogenol® [µg/ml]
0 40 80 16020
normal
-28%
-44%
-59%
-72%
Pycnogenol® inhibits histamine releasefrom mast cells
8/12/2019 Pycnogenol for Respiratory Health
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e pat ents’ a rway unct on was assesse y t e
„forced expiration volume in 1 second“ (FEV1), by
eans o a sp rometer. T e su ect s s ungs
n t e a r vo ume ex a e ast w t n 1 secon s
easured. The exhaled volume is expressed relative
o t e tota ung vo ume, so t e FEV1 va ue repre-
ents t e percentage o a pat ent‘s ung vo ume e
an exhale in a second. Naturally, the percentage is
ower n ast mat cs as t e r a rways are constr cte ,
n reat ng s aggravate . A ter 4 wee s treatment
with Pycnogenol the patients could exhale 71% of
e r ung vo ume as compare to 59% at tr a startn 63% n response to p ace o, respect ve y.
he severity of asthma symptoms was rated on a 4
po nt sca e, rang ng rom symptom ree 0 n severa
teps to m nterm ttent 1 , to a mo erate nter-
ittent form (2) up to a severe persistent form (3).Symptom scores were n average 2.23 e ore treat-
ent an 2.79 w e rece v ng pace os, w c are
onsidered as being a „severe persistent“ form. In
esponse to treatment w t Pycnogeno t e average
ymptom sever ty score was s gn cant y owere to
1.75, a „moderate persistent“ form.
e mprovement o a rway unct on was para e e
by a reduction of leukotrienes, pro-inflammatory me-
ators, n t e oo . Leu otr enes attract mmunee s to t e ronc an act vate t em. T s causes
ronc a constr cton an a rway o struct on n ast -
ma. Pycnogenol® significantly reduced the leukotri-
ne va ues n t e oo o pat ents, as compare to
ot ase ne va ues as we as p ace o me cat on.
As expected, placebo had no significant influence on
eu otr ene eve s n t e oo .
Pycnogeno was we to erate , ony one pat ent ex-perienced gastrointestinal discomfort, however, this
ccurre on y ur ng t e rst 3-4 ays. T e pat ents
genera y note an mprovement o t e r reat ng
bility when they received Pycnogenol
Pycnogenol® for management of child-
hood asthma
T e vast ma or ty o ast mat cs ave eve ope t e
sease a rea y ur ng c oo , most o t em e-
fore they reached the age of five years. In many casesren eve op ay- ever w c t erea ter pro-
gresses to ast ma. Ast ma me cat on w t c ren
is a sensitive issue, representing a challenge for ev-
ry o y nvo ve : t e treat ng p ys c an, t e parents
n t e c pat ents tse . T s resu ts rom t e g
symptom variability in children, further complicated
y t e ynam cs o t e eve opment an growt o
t e c organ sm. Parents on t e r s e ee uncom-
fortable with having their child permanently take pre-
scr e me cat ons.
Respiratory Health
Placebo Pycnogenol®
baseline
63%
71%
Pycnogenol® allows easier breathing (FEV1)
Baseline (1044 pg/ml) Placebo (1017 pg/ml)
Pycnogenol® (844 pg/ml)
-2.6%
-19.2%
Pycnogenol® lowers blood leukotriene levels
8/12/2019 Pycnogenol for Respiratory Health
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ou e- n , p ace o-contro e stu y as nves-
igated 60 children with mild to moderate asthma,
ge 6 to 18 years, over a per o 3 mont s Lau et
. 2004 . A m nor ty o 9 pat ents too ora me ca-
ion with Accolate® (Zafirlukast). All patients were de-
pen ng on rescue n a ers w t a utero to contro
ccurr ng ast ma attac s. T rty c ren were as-
igned to treatment with Pycnogenol (1mg/lb/day)
n anot er 30 c ren to t e contro group rece v-
ng p ace o or 3 mont s. One mont pr or to treat-
ent was taken as run-in period to establish baseline
on t ons.
e stu y s owe t at eas ness o reat ng mprove
ignificantly already after 1 month treatment with
ycnogeno , as measure us ng t e FEV1 met o .
reat ng was expresse as percentage o tota ung
olume which can be exhaled in a second. Breathingty was urt er mprov ng a ter two mont s an
ree mont s treatment, w ereas p ace o a no e -
ect at any time.
e sever ty o ast ma symptoms was rate on a 4
point scale. At baseline, mean symptom scores was
2.3 w c s etween 2= mo erate “somew at
stur ng” an 3= severe “ nter er ng w t a y
ctivities”). Symptoms gradually decreased during
ycnogeno treatment an reac e 0.2 at tr a enw c , pat ents t us e ng a most symptom ree. In
ontrast, t e p ace o-treate group a symptoms
nly marginally improved which remained above 2
unt comp et on o t e tr a .
T e mprovement o a rway unct on was para e e
by a reduction of inflammatory mediators (leukot-
r enes , teste rom t e ur ne o t e pat ents. T e
eu otr enes cause t e n ammatory con t on anbronchial constriction. Pycnogenol® significantly re-
uce eu otr ene va ues a rea y a ter 1 mont an
urt er ecrease t em t roug out t e tr a per o .
As expected, treatment with placebo had no influ-
nce on eu otr ene eve s.
The most compelling outcome of the study is the dra-
mat ca y re uce necess ty o us ng rescue n a ers
Respiratory Health
Placebo Pycnogenol®
0 2 3 months1
69.9%
76.0%
69.7% 69.6% 69.0%
80.7%
86.0%
Pycnogenol® improves breathing ability (FEV1)
Placebo Pycnogenol®
1300pg/ml
1100
900
700
0 2 3 months1
Pycnogenol® lowers leukotriene levels
Placebo Pycnogenol®
0 2 3 months1
1.22
0.56
0.22
2.42
2.56
2.38 2.32
Lowered requirement for albuterol puffs per 24 hours
8/12/2019 Pycnogenol for Respiratory Health
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s severe ast ma attac s appeare muc ess requent y. A ter 1 mont 8 out o 30 c ren ta ng Pycnogeno
didn’t require rescue inhalers at all anymore, and the number increased to 12 and 18 completely off the inhaler after
2 an 3 mont s treatment, respect ve y.
he other of the study concluded that Pycnogenol is an effective and safe nutritional approach for children to man-
ge m to mo erate ast ma.
ReferencesGrimm T et a . In i ition o NF- B activation an MMP-9 secretion y p asma o uman vo unteers a ter ingestion o maritime
pine ar extract Pycnogeno . J In amm 3: 1-15, 2006.
osseini S et a . ycnogeno in the management of asthma. Journal of Medicinal Food, 4: 201-209, 2001.
au BHS et al. Pycnogenol as an adjunct in the management of childhood asthma. J Asthma 41: 825-832, 2004.
o ewa P. A review o t e Frenc maritime pine ar extract Pycnogeno ® , an er a me ication wit a iverse p armaco -
gy. Int J Cin P armaco T er 40 4 : 158-168, 2002.
arma SC et a . ycnogeno in i its t e re ease o istamine rom mast ce s. P yt ot er. Res. 17: 66-69, 2003.
Respiratory Health
Pycnogeno o ers e p or t e management o ay- ever an ast ma:
• Demonstrated immune modulation in humans
• Controlled clinical trial with asthmatic patients
• Controlled clinical trial demonstrating efficacy in childhood asthma
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