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Overviews on PMMA Overviews on PMMA
MMA is;MMA is;Colorless and transparent liquid.Its polymer is hard and transparent resin like glassand has excellent weatherability, transparencyand high gloss.
Colorless and transparent liquid.Its polymer is hard and transparent resin like glassand has excellent weatherability, transparencyand high gloss.
CH
HC
CO
C
CH HH
HH H
O
MethylMethyl
MethaMethaAcrylateAcrylate
MMA process chartMMA process chart
CH
H
C
CO
C
CH HH
HH H
O
Naphtha CrackingNaphtha Cracking
Mixed C4Mixed C4
Butadiene ExtractionButadiene Extraction
Raffinate - 1Raffinate - 1
MTBE SythesisMTBE Sythesis
IsobutyleneIsobutylene
Isobutylene OxidationIsobutylene Oxidation
Methyacrylic AcidMethyacrylic Acid
EsterificationEsterification
MTBEMTBE
MeOHMeOH
MTBE CrackingMTBE Cracking
MAAMAA
MeOHMeOH
MMAMMA
PMMA(PolyMethylMethAcrylate) is an acrylic resin, which is made from MMA(MethylMethAcrylate) monomer mainly. Now LG PMMAs are manufactured through co-polymerization of MMA with MA or MMA with EA. PMMA is widely used for its high colorability, elegant appearance, good weatherability as well as excellent transmission of 93% among many other resins.
PMMA is;PMMA is;
C
H
H
C
C
O
C
CH H
H
H
H H
O
n
? Thermoplastics? Liner polymer? Amorphous? Excellent light transmission? Resistance to weathering? High surface hardness? Scratch resistance? Excellent colorability and elegant
appearance? Heat resistance? High rigidity? Chemical resistance? Recyclable
C
H
H
C
CO
C
CH HH
HH H
O
n
PMMA Process ChartPMMA Process Chart
Solution Make-upSolution Make-up
SlurrySlurry
Monomer Make-upMonomer Make-up
MMAMMA MAMA EAEA
BeadBead
ExtrusionExtrusion
PelletPellet
PolymerizationPolymerization
DryingDrying
PMMAPMMA
PMMA GRADESPMMA GRADES
TYPES OF PMMA GRADESTYPES OF PMMA GRADES
PMMAPMMA
INJECTIONGRADES
INJECTIONGRADES
HIGH IMPACTGRADES
HIGH IMPACTGRADES
IH830IH830
IG840IG840
IF850IF850
IF870IF870
EH910EH910
EG920EG920EXTRUSION
GRADESEXTRUSION
GRADES
HI835HI835
HI855HI855
HEAT RESISTANCEHEAT RESISTANCE
GENERAL-PURPOSE, HIGH IMPACT & WHITEGENERAL-PURPOSE, HIGH IMPACT & WHITE
FLUIDITYFLUIDITY
HIGH FLUIDITYHIGH FLUIDITY
HEAT/CHEMICAL RESISTANCEHEAT/CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
GENERAL-PURPOSEGENERAL-PURPOSE
HIGH IMPACTHIGH IMPACT
HIGH IMPACT & FLUIDITYHIGH IMPACT & FLUIDITY
GRADESGRADES
BEAD GRADESBEAD GRADESBASIC BEADBASIC BEAD
SPECIAL BEADSPECIAL BEAD
PROPERTIESPROPERTIES
GENERAL GRADES
GENERAL GRADES
SPECIALGRADESSPECIALGRADES
APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS
CO-MONOMER
HE
AT
DE
FL
EC
TIO
N
TE
MP
ER
AT
UR
E
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
HE
AT
DE
FL
EC
TIO
NT
EM
PE
RA
TU
RE
CO-MONOMER
FL
UID
ITY
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
FL
UID
ITY
CO-MONOMER
IMP
AC
T S
TR
EG
HT
H
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
IMP
AC
T S
TR
EG
HT
H
PMMA AND THE PHYSICAL PMMA AND THE PHYSICAL PROPERTISPROPERTIS
GENERAL GRADES OF GENERAL GRADES OF PMMAPMMA
Classification Standard of GRADESClassification Standard of GRADES
TypesTypes
Injection MoldingInjection MoldingGeneral
Grades
General
Grades
Extrusion Molding
Extrusion Molding
IH830
IG840
IF850
IF870
IH830
IG840
IF850
IF870
EH910
EG920
EH910
EG920
GradesGrades
Heat Resistance
General-Purpose
Good Fluidity
Excellent Fluidity
Heat Resistance
General-Purpose
Good Fluidity
Excellent Fluidity
Heat Resistance
General-Purpose
Heat Resistance
General-Purpose
PropertiesProperties RemarksRemarks
MFIMFI
MFIMFI
HighHigh
HighHigh
HDTHDT
HDTHDT
HighHigh
HighHigh
Characteristics of General GradesCharacteristics of General Grades
830 840 850 870
Flu
idit
y In
dex
VIC
AT
So
ften
ing
Po
int
Hea
t D
efle
ctio
n
Tem
per
atu
re
VIC
AT
So
ften
ing
Po
int
910 920
Flu
idit
y In
dex
Hea
t D
efle
ctio
n
Tem
per
atu
re
830 840 850 870
910 920
830 840 850 870
910 920
Characteristics of General GradesCharacteristics of General Grades
830 840 850 870
Imp
act S
tren
gth
Fle
xura
l Str
eng
th
RO
CK
WE
LL
Har
dn
ess
Fle
xura
l Str
eng
th
910 920 930
Impa
ct S
tren
gth
RO
CK
WE
LL
Har
dn
ess
830 840 850 870
910 920 930
830 840 850 870
910 920 930
SPECIAL GRADES OF PMMASPECIAL GRADES OF PMMA
HIGH IMPACT GRADESHIGH IMPACT GRADES
High Impact Grades has solved such problems as cracks by heat and so on, while they keep the excellent transmission and weatherability of the existing PMMA. They are, so to speak, enhanced High Impact Series.
◆ TypesHI835H, HI835M, HI835SHI855H, HI855M, HI855S, HI855HX
◆ TypesHI835H, HI835M, HI835SHI855H, HI855M, HI855S, HI855HX
Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties PMMA(855HX)PMMA(855HX)
Transparent ABSTransparent ABS
Impact StrengthImpact Strength 6 11 ASTM D256, IZOD Impact
FluidityFluidity 2.45 7.3 230℃ 3.8㎏
RemarksRemarks
TransmissionTransmission
HazeHaze
90
1.2
88
2.0
Characteristics of High Impact GRADESCharacteristics of High Impact GRADES
HI835 M S H
Impa
ct S
tren
gth
Flu
idit
y In
dex
RO
CK
WE
LL
Har
dn
ess
Flu
idit
y In
dex
HI855 M S H HX
Impa
ct S
tren
gth
HI835 M S H HI835 M S H
HI855 M S H HX HI855 M S H HX
RO
CK
WE
LL
Har
dn
ess
Characteristics of High Impact GRADESCharacteristics of High Impact GRADES
HI835 M S H
VIC
AT
So
ften
ing
Po
int
Hea
t Def
lect
ion
Tem
per
atu
re
HI855 M S H HX
VIC
AT
So
ften
ing
Po
int
HI835 M S H
HI855 M S H HX
Hea
t Def
lect
ion
Tem
per
atu
re
Flu
idit
y In
dex
M S H HX M S HHI855 HI835
M M S S H H HXHI835 HI855
Impa
ct S
tren
gth
RemarksRemarks
Artificial Marbles, Coatings
BEAD GRADESBEAD GRADESWe produce acryl powder for artificial marbles, acrylic coatings, acrylic adhesives and paints on the basis of unique polymerization technology.
BASIC BEAD GRADESBASIC BEAD GRADES
LGGrades
LGGrades
BasisMonomers
BasisMonomers
IH830BIH830B
IG840BIG840B
IF850BIF850B
IF870BIF870B
EH910BEH910B
EG920BEG920B
Coatings
Coatings
Coatings
Artificial Marbles, Coatings, Adhesives
Coatings, Adhesives
MethylmethacrylateCopolymer
BEAD GRADESBEAD GRADES
SPECIAL BEAD GRADESSPECIAL BEAD GRADES
LGGrades
LGGrades
BasisMonomers
BasisMonomers
BN490BBN490B
BN630BBN630B
BN890BBN890B
MethylmethacrylateCopolymer
MethylmethacrylateCopolymer
n-buthylmethacrylate/ mma polymer
n-buthylmethacrylate/ mma polymer
MethylmethacrylateCopolymer
MethylmethacrylateCopolymer
RemarksRemarks
Ink Binders, Coatings
PVC Leathers, Coatings
PVC Leathers, Coatings
Characteristics of Basic Bead GradesCharacteristics of Basic Bead Grades
830B 840B 850B 870B
V.N
Tg
V.N V.N
910B 920B
Tg Tg
630B 490B 890B
830B 840B 850B 870B 910B 920B 490B 630B 890B
◆ Artificial Marbles
Bead ApplicationsBead Applications
. Beads specifically IH830B and EH910B and MMA are applied to artificial marbles.
◆ PVC Coatings. PMMA is easy to process. It is applied to PVC coatings and solidifying agents,
while urethane resin is good to the touch but hard to process.
◆ Shrink Proofing Agent. PMMA beads prevent UPR ( FRP) from shrinkage by heat. PMMA is high glossy.
◆ Others. Paints, Inks, Sheet Costings and so on
◆ Analysis Standards◆ Analysis Standards
BEAD Analysis StandardsBEAD Analysis Standards
◆ VN (Viscosity Number)- Melt PMMA in chloroform solvent and measure relative viscosity of the solution.- Beads with higher VN have larger molecular weight.
For instance, a bead with VN of 52∼74 has 80∼120 thousand molecular weight.
◆ Moisture Contents- Measuring Device : karl-Fischer
◆ Tg (Glass Transition Temperature) - Measuring Device : DSC- Tg represents the elasticity of a polymer and it is equal to its softening
temperature.
◆ Acidity value- Melt PMMA in acetone and titrate it with KOH solution. ( Unit : mgKOH/g )
◆ MFI (Melt Flow Index)- MFI represents the fluidity of polymer. To get MFI, melt PMMA at 230 ℃, and
give a force of 3.8kg on the molten PMMA for ten minutes.- Bead with higher MFI has better fluidity.
Characteristics of PMMACharacteristics of PMMA
LIGHT TRANSMISSIONLIGHT TRANSMISSION◆ LIGHT TRANSMISSIN OF PMMA : 93% for colorless and transparent PMMA
(It transmits 93% of visible ray and reflects the rest of it. Thus it hardly absorb visible ray.)
200 240 300 400 500 1000 1500 2000 2800
100
80
60
40
20
0Tra
nsm
issi
on
%
Ultra violet Visible ray Infrared ray
Wave length (nm)
Ultra Violet AbsorptionUltra Violet Absorption◆By the difference of wavelength, Light is classified into;
Ultra-Violet : below 380 nm
Visible ray : 380 ~ 780nm,
Infrared ray : 780 nm and over
Therefore, LG PMMA contains some UV absorbent, if necessary.
LG PMMA UV Absorption
TypesTypes ApplicationsApplications
100% at 280nm (UVA-280)
100% at 360nm (UVA-360)
100% at 390nm (UVA-390)
IF850 and IF870 for internal application
IH830 and IG840 for external application
IH830U for sunglasses
WeatherabilityWeatherability◆ PMMA has outstanding weatherability among the plastic resins.
In spite of long exposure to UV, rain or wind , it keeps the initial physical properties.
(Typical application: Taillights of automotive vehicles)
◆ AMECA
•Test period (3yrs) : `89.4 ~ ‘92.4
•Test places : Florida (hot and humid), Arizona (hot and dry)
•Grade/ Color
- Grade : 4 types (IH830 etc.)
- Color : 19 types (Clear 2, Amber 7 and Red 10)
WeatherabilityWeatherability
2000
PC
Acrylic Rubber
PMMA
0 500 1000 1500Time of Exposure(hr)
Haze(%) 30
25
20
15
10
5
◆ PMMA has outstanding weatherability among the plastic resins◆ Haze test results after two thousand hours’exposure show that the haze for PMMA makes an steady and slight increase, while that for PC increases sharply on and after fifteen hundreds hours.
WeatherabilityWeatherability
Y.I 6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Time of Exposure(hr)
PC
Acrylic Rubber
PMMA
◆ PMMA having low initial yellow index has excellent transparency. It hardly change despite of long-time exposure over 2000 hours, while PC makes sharp change in the beginning and shows relatively slight change afterwards.
Other Characteristics of PMMAOther Characteristics of PMMA◆ Colorability-Transparent/semi-transparent/opaque- It doesn’t discolor by heat during molding nor produce any substance to affect dyestuffs and pigments.
◆ Ease to Process- Such machine works as cutting, sewing, carving and grinding are
easy to be done.-Good to the adhesives, paints and dyestuffs.
◆ Lightweight-Specific Gravity 1.19 (1/2 of glass)
- Its strength is comparable to inorganic glass
◆ Innoxious- It doesn’t contain materials harmful to the body.- No relation to any of environmental hormone- food containers, artificial teeth, dental filling materials, artificial eyes and artificial
bones -Environmental Hormone: chemical substances exposed to the polluted environment come into the body and act like hormones. They are called environmental hormone or ‘endocrine disrupter scientifically.-Influences to the body; sperm count decrease, deformation of sexual organs and hormone-related cancer increase.
PMMA and moisturePMMA and moisture
The Influence of Moisture ContentThe Influence of Moisture Content
◆Moisture absorption of various resins: ASTM D570 (measure the weight of resin after steeping it in 23℃ water for 24 hours )
Moisture content over 5% Moisture content over 5%
Moisture content 1~5%Moisture content 1~5% Celluros Resin, Poly Vinyl Acetic Acid,Poly Vinyl Formalin, NylonCelluros Resin, Poly Vinyl Acetic Acid,Poly Vinyl Formalin, Nylon
Moisture content 0.1~1%Moisture content 0.1~1% PVC, Styrene Copolymer, PMMA, PC, PET,Phenolic Resin, Urea Resin, Melanin, PAPVC, Styrene Copolymer, PMMA, PC, PET,Phenolic Resin, Urea Resin, Melanin, PA
Polyvinylalcohol, CellophanePolyvinylalcohol, Cellophane
Moisture content under0.1%Moisture content under0.1% PE, PP, PolyChloroethylene, PS...PE, PP, PolyChloroethylene, PS...
* The molecular structure of resin with moisture content of 0.1 ~ 1% includes ester combination like PC,PET and PMMA, and ether combination like polyacetal, urea resin and phenol resin.
* Thus PMMA absorbs moisture easily because its molecular structure has ester combination and it is amorphous resin.
Moisture AbsorptionMoisture Absorption
◆ PMMA moisture absorption changes according to surrounding temperature and humidity.
Moisture Absorption with preservation temperature
0.8
Moisture Absorption
0.630℃,80%RH30℃,80%RH
(%)
0.4
0.2 23℃,80%RH23℃,80%RH
0
40 80 120 160 200 240Preservation period(Days)
Moisture AbsorptionMoisture Absorption
◆ PMMA absorbance characteristic curve (left alone) : change with surrounding temperature(80% RH is fixed)
Moisture Absorption
(%)
Days
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
01 2 3 4 5 6 7
60℃60℃
40℃40℃
20℃20℃
Moisture AbsorptionMoisture Absorption
◆ PMMA Moisture Absorption
characteristic curve(left alone) : change according to humidity
(20℃ is fixed)Moisture Absorption
(%)
Days
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
05 10 15 20 25 30 35
92% RH92% RH
60% RH60% RH
40% RH40% RH
Control of Moisture Content During the MoldingControl of Moisture Content During the Molding
◆ Safe and precise molding requires moisture content control.
◆ Moisture absorption and the quality of molding product
•Silver streaks and blowholes may appear.•Lower melt viscosity may cause;
-over filling, defective molding release and defective size-deterioration of mechanical physical property
◆ Environmental causes•Humidity difference between rainy season and winter time•Temperature difference between summer time and winter time•Humidity difference by weather•Temperature difference between the day and night time•Requiring time to final use after initial exposure
Necessity of Dehumidifying DryerNecessity of Dehumidifying Dryer
◆ Reasons to bring blowholes and silver streaks occupying most
of defects in PMMA in summer time are as follows;
. 80% of defective products is caused by moisture content
. Thermal degradation of resin due to poor heat stability and activation is one of the minor causes.
◆ Limit Moisture Absorption is 0.08~0.05% for general molding but
it is estimated to be under 0.03~0.01% for a safe and precise molding
of specific product.
ex) Especially, to control moisture content is important to the long-sized product as SANTAMO’s garnish panel.
Moisture AbsorptionMoisture Absorption◆ In summer time, as hot-air dryer using hot and humid air removes moisture of the pellet surface only, dehumidifying dryer using air below-40℃ is required to the safe and precise molding.
ex) In case of PC
While drying with hot-air dryer for 4 hours reduces the moisture content from 0.18% to 0.018%, drying with dehumidifying dryer reduces it from 0.18% to 0.006%.
◆ Note
Recently, Japan attaches importance to control moisture content of hydrolytic resins as well as resins with high moisture absorption like PMMA.
Pre-dryingPre-drying
◆ General Conditions for PMMA Pre-drying
GradesGrades Temperature(℃)Temperature(℃) Hrs
4 ~ 6
Hrs
4 ~ 6
70 ~ 8070 ~ 80
60 ~ 70
50 ~ 60
60 ~ 70
50 ~ 60
IH830A , IH830P, IG840 EG920, EG930,IH830A , IH830P, IG840 EG920, EG930,
IF850
IF870
IF850
IF870
IH830, IH830S, IH830C IH830HR, IH830G, EH910IH830, IH830S, IH830C IH830HR, IH830G, EH910
80 ~ 9080 ~ 90
Comparison with Other ResinsComparison with Other Resins
Light Transmission of Various Materials (ASTM D1003)Light Transmission of Various Materials (ASTM D1003)
PMMAPMMA
93%89% 87% 87%
84%
90%
PSPS SANSAN PCPC RigidPVCRigidPVC
GLASSGLASS
•PMMA has the highest light transmission among the plastics, especially its light transmission is superior to glass.
•Light transmission of PMMA is 93% between 380 nm ~ 780 nm but that of PC is only 87% between 480 nm ~ 680 nm.
89%
TransparentABS
TransparentABS
Other physical propertiesOther physical propertiesCoefficient of Linear Thermal
Expansion(ASTM D1003)
Rockwell Hardness(ASTM D785)
PMMAPMMA
PSPS
GlassGlass
7~8
Nylon6Nylon6
PEPE
PMMAPMMA
PSPS
ASAS
PCPC
85 ~ 105
65~80
80~90
75~85
10 ㎝/㎝ ℃ M Scale
6~8
0.84
PCPC
11 ~13
8~13
7
Other Physical PropertiesOther Physical Properties
Heat Deflection Temp.
(ASTM D648)
Flexural Strength
(ASTM D790)
PMMAPMMA
PSPS
ASAS
PCPC
PVCPVC
74~105
65~104
88~104
130~141
60~77
PMMAPMMA
PSPS
ASAS
PCPC
910~1330
560~980
980~1330
950950
℃ ㎏/ ㎠
Other Physical PropertiesOther Physical Properties
0
1
2
3
4
5
Transparency
Heat resistance
Rigidity
High impact
Scratch Resistance
Chemical Resistance
Weatherability
Workability
PMMAPMMA
PCPC
PVCPVC
PSPS
SANSAN
INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATIONS FOR PMMACERTIFICATIONS FOR PMMA
Int’l Certifications for LG PMMAInt’l Certifications for LG PMMA
Int’l Standard
UL (94HB)
CSA (0.6HB)
JHPC
AMECA
UL (94HB)
CSA (0.6HB)
JHPC
AMECA
GRADE
ALL GRADE
ALL GRADE
ALL GRADE
IH830, IG840, EH910, EG930
ALL GRADE
ALL GRADE
ALL GRADE
IH830, IG840, EH910, EG930
Remarks
US Flame Retardant Standard
Canada Flame Retardant Standard
JHPC Directive of Japan Ministry of Health
(Equivalent to FDA)
AMECA Standard
US Flame Retardant Standard
Canada Flame Retardant Standard
JHPC Directive of Japan Ministry of Health
(Equivalent to FDA)
AMECA Standard
☞ UL : Underwriters Laboratories
☞ CSA : Canada Standard Association
☞ JHPC : Japan High Polymer Center
☞ AMECA : Automotive Manufactureres Equipment Compliance Agency
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