qod thursday march 7 world calendar : evaluate the leadership of henry viii and queen mary qod :...
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QOD Thursday March 7World
Calendar: Evaluate the leadership of Henry VIII and Queen MaryQOD: What are 3 qualities you want in a leader?Agenda: Powerpt and notes on Henry VIII
-reading on Queen Mary with questionsHW: Complete reading on Mary
Background
Born in Greenwich England June 28, 1491
Member of the Tudor Dynasty and raised Catholic
Second son of King Henry VII and Elizabeth of York
Became King after death of his older brother Arthur in 1502 (He was seventeen years old).
Measured over 6 feet tall Demonstrated education and
athletic skills Had tremendous potential to
be agood leader
Father had brought successful end to the civil wars that had plagued England in 15th Century
Henry took rule of a country that was united under the Tudor Dynasty
Background
Catherine of Aragon
1509 married brother Arthur’s widow Catherine of Aragon (daughter of King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella I of Spain)
Marriage- great diplomatic importance…brought good relations between England and Spain
Wedding ceremony was lavish-Henry spent much money
WIFE #1
Cost of Spanish Alliance
Drew England into many military conflicts
1512 joined Spain in declaring war against France
At same time, King James IV of Scotland invaded England in 1512 Invasion was repelled and Henry gained much popularity…Henry won and was loved
Financial/Military Burden
Cost to English Treasury
Henry continued to engage France in battle throughout the 1510’s and 1520’s
Cost of wars were high for England
Henry had an extravagant lifestyle (spent money on himself and his ceremonies).
Financial crisis came to head in mid 1520’s
Financial/Military Burden
Henry’s Desires
Wanted to strengthen English State Wanted to make England a dominant
player in European affairs Relied on Lord Chancellor Thomas Wolsey
who helped Henry run the country
Most importantly – Desired a Male Heir
Background
Divorce from Catherine of Aragon
Catherine of Aragon (wife #1) failed to provide Henry with a male heir
Children were either still born or died shortly after birth
Only surviving child was a girl, Mary I Catherine could no longer bear children- Henry
wanted to divorce her and to marry Ann Boleyn
Catherine said no because her Catholic faith will not allow divorces…so he has her put on trial
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Ltrxy6_fWc
Wives
Pope’s Refusal
Henry goes to Pope Clement VII for a divorce/annulment, but the pope refused to annul the marriage
Desperate to marry Ann Boleyn Henry broke with the Roman Catholic Church completely
He turned to the British Parliament to help him break with Rome
This process continued throughout the 1530’s
As a result- Parliament (govt.) became strengthened
Break from Rome
Church of England
Henry became the head of the newly independent Church of England in 1532
Beginning of Protestant Reformation in England…thank you Martin Luther!
Henry annulled his own marriage and married Ann Boleyn in January of 1533
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li20Jug-rPg
Break from Rome
Ann’s Fate
Ann Boleyn failed to provide Henry with a male heir
Her only child, Elizabeth, was a girlHenry grew tired of Ann and sent her to the
executioner on charges of adultery This did not stop the religious unrest in the
country between Catholics and Protestants
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wF_UpYqYJuY&playnext=1&list=PL91A71B740E6F9C67&feature=results_video
Wives
Henry Gets Male Heir
Henry married Jane Seymour after Ann’s death
She died giving birth to his male heir, Edward VI
Henry married 3 more times Anne of Cleves (marriage annulled) Catherine Howard (executed for adultery) Catherine Parr (who became his widow)
Wives
Henry VIII Dies
1540’s marked with religious unrest and continual bloodshed
Henry VIII paranoid and gaining tremendous weight…fat suffered from depression dies in London at age of 55 leaving Catherine
Parr his widow
Changed England
England Changed
Leaves behind very different England than he inherited
Left religious unrest between Protestants and Catholics because he created the Church of England
Gave more power to the Parliament because he needed them to break with Rome
Caused economic problems because of his constant military actions and high spending
Son becomes king at a young age, dies, and sister, Mary becomes queen and is known as BLOODY MARY!!
HOMEWORK
Now that you know about King Henry VIII, his changes to England, and his personal life…your task is to understand the power of his first daughter, Mary.
REMEMBER: When Henry dies, his son comes into power, but he dies too leaving the throne to the first born, Mary.
Mary will cause problems in England with the two religions…read about it!
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