qtp presentation
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QTP PRESENTATION
SESSION OBJECTIVES Introduction to Automation Benefits of Automated Testing Automated Testing Process Introduction to QTP and its Salient Features Environment Supported
WHAT IS AUTOMATION A software program that is used to test
another software program, this is referred to as Automated software testing.
Test Automation is the use of software to control the execution of tests & the comparison of results- actual with the predicted/expected.
A third party tool is used to test the application.
Use of automation tools reduces the test time as well as the cost
WHY AUTOMATION Avoid the errors that human make when they
get tired after multiple repetitions. The test program wont skip any test by
mistakes. Each feature test cycle will take less time &
Required less human intervention. Required for Easy cycle of Regression Testing.
BENEFITS OF TEST AUTOMATION Allows more testing to be done. Strengthen Test Cycle. Testing is Consistent, repeatable. Fast, Reliable, Repeatable, Programmable,
Comprehensive, Reusable.
FALSE BENEFITS Fewer tests will be needed It will be easier if it is automated Compensate for poor design No more Manual Testing
WHICH TEST CASES TO AUTOMATE? Tests that need to be run for every build of
the application (sanity check, regression test) Tests that use multiple data values for the
same actions (data driven tests)
WHICH TEST CASES NOT TO AUTOMATE? Usability testing
"How easy is the application to use?" One-time testing "ASAP" testing
"We need to test NOW!" Ad hoc/random testing
based on intuition and knowledge of application
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TOOLS AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET (FOR FUNCTIONAL TESTING)
Rational Robot Win Runner QTP Silk Test QA Run Web FT
VERSION HISTORY OF QUICKTEST PROFESSIONAL Astra QuickTest (Mother tool of QTP) 1.0 to 5.0
Quick Test Professional 5.6 – Nov 2002 6.5 – 2003 8.0 – 2004 8.2, 8.3 –2005 9.0,9.1-2006 9.2- 2007 Mercury Interactive 9.5 –2008 H.P 10.00 –2009 January
BASIC FEATURES OF QTP
QTP Launched in 2002 (Nov). By Mercury Interactive. Later taken over by HP, in 2007.
QTP is an Object Based Testing Tool.(Object based means; QTP Follows Test Object Model for Performing Testing operations. Based on either Test Objects or Automation Objects or Utility Objects only, we can automate test operations)
QTP is for Functional and Regression Testing. (Basically QTP is a Functional and Regression Test tool but we can use it for little bit
Compatibility Testing and Performance Testing). It follows Keyword Driven Approach.
(Keyword Driven Approach means; Keywords example Commands, functions, methods, statements etc.. are used for creating Test scripts)
It supports Windows Operating Environment only.(QTP basically depends on User Interface to automate test operations and it is not depends on server side interactions, where as LoadRunner depends on server side Operations, so HP developed LoadRunner for Windows as well as UNIX versions).
It supports GUI based (Graphical user interface) and Web based Applications Automation, does not support CUI (Command user interface) Applications.
It has multilingual support. (It supports English, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, etc languages with respect to license.)
It has adapted Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting edition for programming and Excel like spread sheet for Data driven testing.
OTHER SALIENT FEATURES QTP can automatically introduce Checkpoints During execution testers can manually insert
several types of check points to verify that the objects continue to behave as expected.
Testers are able to record their tests so that each action, or step in the business process are modular & reusable.
When application under test changes, testers can update Object Repository, thus the change made is then propagated across all the scripts that reference to this object
EX: In the Authentication screen when the name of the button is changed to Sign In form Login, Just make an update in the Object Repository.
CONTD…. After running a test QTP displays the results
in a tree structure and in clear visual reports Scripting Language is VBScript which is easy
to use , understand and program even complex functionalities with ease.
Library files contains VBScript functions and subroutines that can be added to the test.
ADD-IN MANAGER
ADD-INS Default
ActiveX Visual Basic Web
Additional Java Oracle PeopleSoft .NET Terminal Emulator Sap, Siebel & Web services
WHAT TYPE OF TOOL IS QTP Record and playback tool It has additional features like sync pt, check pt,
output values It has– Built in functions It has – User defined functions , Registered
functions.
ENVIRONMENTS SUPPORTED Browsers
Netscape Internet Explorer AOL
Operating Systems Windows XP/2003 Windows 2000 Windows 98 Windows NT Windows ME
TYPES OF VIEWS IN TEST PANE Two types Keyword view – Actions are generated in
tabular format similar to manual test cases Expert view – Actions are generated in VB
scripting
KEYWORD VIEW
EXPERT VIEW
QUICKTEST TESTING PROCESS The Quick Test testing process consists of 7
main phases: Preparing to record Recording a session on your application Enhancing your test Debugging your test Running your test Analyzing the test results Reporting defects
RECORD USER ACTIONS
START RECORDING ON ANY WEB SITE. CHOOSE TEST > RECORD OR CLICK THE RECORD BUTTON. THE RECORD AND RUN SETTINGS
DIALOG BOX
SAVE THE TEST The test can be saved into a Windows file system (as below). If TestDirector is available and connected with QTP, the test can be
saved there. QTP creates an entire structure of files and directories to support a
single QuickTest script for each saved test.
VERIFY SUCCESSFUL PLAYBACK Use the ‘Run’ button to begin playback from the top of the test. Select the location of the test results- either a new results folder
or a temporary folder.
VIEWING THE TEST RESULTS Test results can be stored in their own location (for documentation) or in a
temporary location that is overwritten each time the test is run (debugging).
MODES OF RECORDING Normal mode – recording based on
properties of GUI Analog mode – mouse movements,
clicks, keyboard strokes Low level – records any object irrespective
of support from QTP. Recognizes all run time objects as windows objects. It is used when an object is not identified by Quick test and co-ordinates based.
RUNNING A SESSION The Run option can be used to run the test from start to end. The Run from Step option in the Test menu is used to run the
test from a selected step to the end of the current action, if running from the Expert View, or to the end of the test , if running from the Keyword View. Thus it enables us to check a specific part of the application or to confirm that a certain part of the test runs correctly.
HOW QUICKTEST WORKS WITH OBJECTSWhat are Object Properties?
A set of characteristics that defines an object’s appearance, values, state and identity in an application.
QTP captures these object properties during recording. Logical Name – Logical name is a value QuickTest
usually takes from one of the object properties (like TEXT) to refer to the object in the recorded script.
OBJECT REPOSITORY Object Repository is nothing but a storage
location. It contains the collection logical name and physical description of a particular object.
Object Repository is a location within the test structure where QuickTest stores object information captured during recording.The Object Repository can be used to:
Rename logical names for readability. Add a new object in the repository. Configure the object properties used to identify an object.
While playback of scripts, qtp refers object repository for identifying the objects
OBJECT REPOSITORY Two types – Per action, Shared
Repository The Object Repository can be Per Action or
Shared. The shared repository can be used by
multiple actions of the same test or by actions from different tests. Test object properties are prone to frequent updation.
Per Action object repository is used by one or very few tests. Test object properties are modified less frequently.
OBJECT REPOSITORY
OBJECT RECOGNITION Mandatory properties – QTP always learns for
differentiating objects Assistive properties – optional properties
learnt when mandatory couldn’t able to differentiate
OBJECT RECOGNITION Ordinal Identifier – This is used when
both mandatory and assistive couldn’t help to differentiate objects
Ordinal identifier uses location indicator and index indicator to differentiate objects
OBJECT IDENTIFICATION Object identification is another
component in QTP. This is used to configure the
mandatory and assistive properties depending on application to be tested.
OBJECT IDENTIFICATION
WHAT ARE TYPES OF PROPERTIES? Test object – Properties learnt by QTP while
recording that is used for mapping with actual objects
Runtime – Properties of actual object in the application
OBJECT SPY Object spy is a component in QTP that
helps to list the test object and runtime properties of the GUI
Lists the methods and syntax that could be implemented on that particular object
Lists the hierarchy of the object in the AUT
CHECKPOINTS IN QTP A checkpoint is a verification point that compares a
current value for a specified property with the expected value for that property.
TYPES OF CHECKPOINTS Standard Checkpoint Bitmap checkpoint Text checkpoint Text Area checkpoint Database checkpoint XML Checkpoint
TYPES AND THEIR USE Standard Checkpoint
Bitmap Checkpoint
Checks the property value of the object in an application or Webpage. It checks buttons,Radiobuttons,Comboboxes etc
Checks the value of an image in the application.
Text Checkpoint
Checks whether the text string is displayed in the appropriate place in your application or on a Web page
Database Checkpoint
XML Checkpoint
Checks the contents of a database accessed by the application
Checks the data content of XML documents in the application.
WHEN TO USE CHECKPOINTS Before creating checkpoints on web objects
we have to select web-test option in ADD-IN Manager.
If the objects developed in HTML we can use Standard Check point.
If the Objects developed in XML we can use XML Check point.
HOW CHECKPOINTS WORK - PLAYBACK
Script Expected Result
Execute checkpointObject: ButtonLogical Name : OKProperty: EnabledValue: True
Actual = expected ?
Test ResultsPASS
SAMPLE OBJECTS THAT QUICKTEST CAN VERIFY
WINDOWS WEBWindow BrowserEdit Field Text AreaDrop down list Text LinkMenu command ImagesRadio Button Image LinkCheckbox Edit FieldWindows Object Drop down listStatus Bar CheckboxText Area Radio Button
Tables/ GridsWeb Element
HOW TO ADD A CHECKPOINT1.Select the object in the Active
Screen2.Right Click on it and Select
‘Insert Standard Checkpoint’ or
Menu Insert Checkpoint Standard Checkpoint
HOW TO ADD A CHECKPOINT… SET EXPECTED VALUE
» Do not automatically select the pre-defined list of properties to check.
» Scroll down the property list to find the property( or properties) that best meets the test requirement.
TABLE CHECKPOINT
DATABASE CHECKPOINT Choose Insert > Checkpoint > Database
Checkpoint. The Database Query Wizard opens.
DATABASE CHECKPOINT ..CONTD
HOW TO ADD A CHECKPOINT… TEST RESULT
OUTPUT VALUES Outputs the value of properties of
GUIduring runtime Can be viewed in runtime data table in
results window Mainly used to get collection of
property value of dynamic objects
PARAMETRIZATION Parameterization - Passing multiple set of
values for testing A parameter is a variable that is assigned a
value from an external data source at run time. We use parameterization when we want to change the value of properties at run time.
HOW CAN WE PARAMETRIZE? Identify the fixed value that needs to be
parametrized Replace with parameter Passing value from data table
WHAT IS DATA TABLE Inbuilt XL sheet in QTP for passing
values to parameters in runtime Two sheets – global and action Global – Data is passed to all actions
within the script Action – Data is passed to only
particular action
WAYS TO PARAMETRIZE.. Data table parameter – Passing
through data table Action/component parameter – By
declaring input and output parameter in action properties
Environment parameter – External host, url, vuser etc…
DATATABLE PARAMETERS The Test runs once for each line of data in
the DataTable. Each iteration takes a different value from the datatable.
choose the Run tab Test
Settings
Specify an option in the Datatable iterations frame.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE PARAMETERS The Environment variables can have Quick
Test generated values or values supplied from external files.
Test Settings
Environment
Choose User-defined from the variable type
Click New to create your own internal variables
RANDOM NUMBER PARAMETERS It enables us to use random numbers as
values in the test. We can specify the range from which the random number is generated. By default, the random number range is between 0 and 100.
HOW TO PARAMETERIZE AN INPUT VALUE
» Select the step in the Tree View that contains the recorded input value.
» Click on the text under Value column.
HOW TO PARAMETERIZE AN INPUT VALUE… CONTD.
-Select the source for paramterization.
-Select the parameter name.
-Select the data sheet to use.
HOW TO PARAMETERIZE AN INPUT VALUE…CONTD
ACTIONS A test is composed of actions or logical
sections. The steps we add to the test are added within the test’s actions. By default, each test begins with a single action.
When we run a test with multiple actions, the Test Results are divided by actions so that we can view the detailed results for each action individually.
Each action has its own sheet in the Data Table so that we can insert data that applies only to that action.
TYPES OF ACTIONS Non-re-usable: Action can be used in the
local test, only once. Reusable: Action can be used in the local
test, multiple times. External: These are reusable actions created
in another test. This can be of two types. If a call to an external action is used the action is read only in the calling test. But, any existing action can be inserted as a copy of the original action. In this case, we can modify this copy of the external action in the calling test.
CALLING ACTION INSERT CALL TO EXISITING ACTION –
CALLS A REUSABLE ACTION, BUT ANY CHANGES WILL BE REFLECTED ON ORIGINAL CALLED ACTION
INSERT CALL TO COPY OF ACTION – CALLS A REUSABLE ACTION, BUT CHANGES ARE NOT REFLECTED ON ORIGINAL CALLED ACTION
HOW TO SET AN ACTION AS REUSABLE
HOW TO CALL A REUSABLE ACTION
Insert Call to existing Action
TRANSACTIONS TRANSACTIONS ARE NOTHING BUT
TIMER FOR MEASURING TIME TAKEN FOR EXECUTING PARTICULAR TASK
SERVICES.START TRANSACTION “T1” SERVICES.END TRANSACTION “T1” CAN BE USED ANY NUMBER OF TIMES
DEBUGGING DEBUGGING – FINDING ERRORS IN THE
SCRIPT BREAKPOINTS – POINT WE CREATE IN THE
SCRIPT WHERE THE EXCUTION OF SCRIPT IS PAUSED
WATCHLIST – MAINLY FOR BETTER DEBUGGING. USED TO VIEW THE VALUES OF THE PARAMETERS/VARIABLES DURING RUNTIME
HOW TO HANDLE CUSTOM OBJECTS??? SOLUTION IS VIRTUAL OBJECT WIZARD THIS HELPS TO MAP THE CUSTOM OBJECT
WITH THE STANDARD GUIS. HENCE WHILE RECORDING QTP RECOGNIZES EVEN THESE NON STANDARD OBJECTS
HANDLE THE CHANGING WINDOWS/ OBJECT PROPERTIES?? THE SOLUTION IS “REGULAR EXPRESSION” REGULAR EXPRESSION IS AN EXPRESSION
THAT MAKES QTP TO RECOGNIZE THE OBJECTS THAT HAVE VARYING PROPERTY DURING RUNTIME
REGULAR EXPRESSION \ – SYMBOL TO INDICATE IT IS AN
REGULAR EXPRESSION . – PERIOD MATCHES ONE
CHARACTER !WELCOME. CAN MATCH WELCOMES, WELCOMED
* - MATCHES ANY NUMBER OF CHARACTER !W*-WHO, WE
[] – TO INDICATE COLLECTION LIKE !W[E3] – WE, W3
REGULAR EXPRESSIONS - INDICATES RANGE LIKE [0-9] ^ INDICATES EXCLUSION LIKE [^A-Z]
WILL NOT ACCEPT UPPER CASE ALPHABETS
+ indicates one or more occurrence of preceding character ca+r – car, caaar and not cr
\w matches all characters except alphanumeric and underscore
WHAT ARE EXCEPTIONS??? EXCEPTIONS ARE NOTHING BUT
UNEXPECTED ERRORS THAT CAUSES HINDERANCE DURING THE EXECUTION OF SCRIPTS
COULD BE DUE TO POP UPS, OBJECT PROPERTY CHANGE, APPLICATION CRASH, TEST RUN
HOW TO HANDLE EXCEPTION??? SIMPLE USING RECOVERY SCENARIO
MANAGER. RECOVERY SCENARIO MANAGER IS A WIZARD
THAT GUIDES STEPS TO HANDLE EXCEPTIONS
RECOVERY SCENARIO MANAGER THREE STEPS TRIGGER EVENT – DEFINE THE EXCEPTION RECOVERY OPERATION – DEFINING THE
HANDLER FUNCTION POST RECOVERY OPERATION.
FUNCTION? PROCEDURE??? FUNCTION CAN BE INBUILT OR USER
DEFINED. IT IS ONE THAT RETURNS A VALUE PROCEDURE IS SIMILAR TO FUNCTION BUT
DOESN’T RETURN VALUE
SOME IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS - SETTOPROPERTY SETTOPROPERTY() PROPERTYNAME, VALUE DIALOG(“Login”).WinEdit(“Username”).SETTOP
ROPERTY(“Enabled”,”True”)
GETTOPROPERTY() GetTOProperty( propertyname) Returns the value of the property Example, A =
Dialog(“Login”).Winbutton(“OK”).GetTOProperty(“Enabled”)
GETTOPROPERTIES( ) GetTOProperties() Lists all the properties and property values of
particular object
GETROPROPERTY() GetROProperty(Propertyname) Returns the runtime property of the
particular object Dim a A =
dialog(“login”).Winbutton(“OK”).GETROPROPERTY(“nativeclass”)
CAN WE CONNECT DATABASE THROUGH QTP??? Answer is yes not through wizard but
through scripting Set a =
createobject(“ADODB.connection”) A.open”DSN = Employee.mdb,
Username = xxx, Password = xxxx” Set b =
createobject(“ADODB.RecordSet”) B.open”Select * from table1”,a Msgbox b.recordcount
FILE HANDLING Using QTP it is possible to pass datas from
various files and write data into file Example to read data from a file Set a =
createobject(“Scripting.FileSystemObject”) Set b = a.opentextfile(“path”,0/1/8,”true”) Str = b.readline 0 – write mode 1- read mode 8 – append True/false – file exist or create new
CHILDOBJECTS() This function is used to return the list of all
objects within the window Example to count no of objects within dialog Set c = dialog(“Login”).childobjects() Msgbox c.count
POPUP() POPUP(“MSG”,WAIT TIME, “TITLE”,BUTTON) EXAMPLE SET A = POPUP(“HI”,10,”GREETING”,4) A WILL BE RETUNED VALUE 6(YES) AND
7(NO)
MAXIMIZE WINDOW MAXIMIZE IS KEYWORD FOR MAXIMIZING
WINDOW/DIALOG FULLSCREEN IS THE KEYWORD FOR
MAXIMIZING THE BROWSER
DATATYPE CONVERSION CINT() – CONVERTS VAR TO INTEGER CLNG() – CONVERTS CURRENCY TO INTEGER CCUR()- CONVERTS TO CURRENCY FORMAT
IS IT POSSIBLE TO OPEN APPLICATION THROUGH SCRIPTING??? YES!!!
SYSTEMUTIL.RUN “PATH” FOR OPENING ANY APPLN
INVOKE “PATH” FOR EXE APPLICATION EXECUTE “PATH”
USER DEFINED FUNCTION FUNCTIONS THAT ARE REPEATED FOR MANY TIMES EXAMPLE PUBLIC FUNCTION SUM(X, Y, Z) Z = X+Y END FUNCTION DIM A, B, C A = INPUTBOX (“ENTER A”) B = INPUTBOX(“ENTER B”) SUM (A,B,C) MSGBOX C
FRAMEWORKS FRAMEWORKS ARE SET OF DEFINED RULES
FOR AUTOMATING A TESTING PROCESS IT COULD BE SAID AS AUTOMATION TEST
APPROACH
FRAMEWORKS LINEAR FRAMEWORK – RECORDING,
ENHANCEMENT , PLAYBACK HERE U CREATE SCENARIOS, DO
RECORDING BASED ON SCENARIOS, ENHANCEMENT IS DONE FOR VERIFICATIONS, AND PLAYBACK FOR EXECUTION
FRAMEWORK DATA DRIVEN – HERE AN EXTERNAL
DATABASE IS MAINTANINED FOR PASSING VALUES TO THE ACTIONS IN QTP
VALUES ARE COMPLETELY PASSED ONLY THRO THIS DATA SETS
FRAMEWORK KEYWORD DRIVEN – USING THE MANULLY
ENTERED TABLE THAT DEFINES TESTOBJECT, OPERATION, DATA AND DESCRIPTION, VB SCRIPTS ARE AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY QTP
FRAMEWORK DESCRIPTIVE PROGRAMMING – IT IS A
CONCEPT OF EXECUTION OF SCRIPTS WITHOUT THE REFERENCE OF OBJECT REPOSITORY
DIALOG(“CLASS = DIALOG”,”CAPTION = Login”).Winbutton(“class = Button”,”Text = OK”).Click
FRAMEWORKS FUNCTIONAL/MODULAR – HERE THE ACTIONS
ARE DECLARED AS USER DEFINED FUNCTIONS
THESE FUNCTIONS ARE CALLED WHEREVER NEEDED.
FRAMEWORK HYBRID FRAMEWORK – MIX OF ANY OF THE
ABOVE FRAME WORKS ARE CLASSED AS HYBRID.
DEPENDING ON COMPLEXITY OF THE APPLICATION, MIXES ARE CHOSEN.
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