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“QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT ON ATTITUDE OF NURSES TOWARDS
SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENTS”
Jenifer Sing
Background – suicidal behavioral is frequently seen in adolescents. Suicide can be prevented by
increasing awareness among nurses for their own attitude towards suicidal behavior in
adolescents. When an adolescent try to commit suicide everyone related to him/her is affected.
Although attempting suicide especially in adolescent is complex but there are warning signs
which need to be assessed early.
Purpose- The purpose of the study is to explore and understand the attitude of nurses towards
the adolescents with suicidal tendency in selected hospitals of Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh
Method – Total 4 participants (nurses) from Psychiatric ward in a hospital were interviewed
using semi structured questionnaire. Glaserian method was used to analyze the data using
purposive sampling technique.
Result – The findings revealed that adolescents trying to attempt suicide are because of mental
conflicts. The nurses identified that suicide is a psychiatric emergency which needs to be
prevented by early identification, care, attention, counseling and by sharing feelings and
thoughts. Depression, failures, broken relationships are the influencing factors for suicidal
behavior and a healthy peer group can become a helping hand for the one to cope up with the
issues. Nurses on the other hand also considered suicide as a crime.
Conclusion – There is a need of continuous teaching and professional development activities in
order to change the negative attitude of nurses towards suicidal behavior.
KEYWORDS: Attitude of nurses, Suicidal behavior, Adolescents
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IX, SEPTEMBER/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 1021
INTRODUCTION –
The tragedy of suicide among adolescents is increasing day by day because of hopelessness and
frustrations due to friends, family, failures, siblings, poor coping strategy.
The reason behind adolescent attempting suicide can be complex but is increasing greatly. If
seen then suicide is the third leading cause of death between age 15 to 24 years as been reported
by centers for disease control and prevention.
Nurses are the one who remain with the clients 24/7 and they have the ability to have therapeutic
connections, so it is very important that a nurses should have positive attitude towards suicidal
adolescent number of studies have shown that nurses have negative attitude towards suicidal
client and there are evidences also which shows that negative attitude of a nurse towards client
hamper the quality care which should be given.
Allester et.al (2002) carried out study to investigate nurses attitude towards patients who have
attempted suicide. The study revealed that nurses held a moralistic attitude and viewed suicidal
person as a blameworthy.
NEED OF THE STUDY - Suicide is a public concern which need urgent concern, as per report
approximately 1.5 % of all deaths occur every year . Adolescents are now a day’s attempting
more suicide due to stress and failures. between 2002 – 2007 reports shows that there were
approximately 648 students who committed suicide because of stress. Last year 158 students
committed suicide in state for poor board result . Therefore it is very important to train the nurses
on how to deal with suicidal patient as they can be the great source in order to reduce the
suicidal tendency in adolescents .
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
“A qualitative study to assess the attitude of nurses towards suicidal behaviour
among adolescents in selected hospitals of Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh”
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IX, SEPTEMBER/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 1022
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To qualitatively explore the attitude of nurses
towards the suicidal behaviour among the adolescents.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY- The purpose of the study is to explore and
understand the attitude of nurses towards the adolescents with suicidal tendency in
selected hospitals of Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
• ATTITUDE OF NURSES -
According to my study - In this study it refers to subjective perceptions
towards adolescents with suicidal tendency.
• SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR -
According to my study - In this study it refers to tendency to do self harm.
• ADOLESCENTS - According to my study - In this study it refers to
young people from age 10 years to 19 years.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY –
RESEARCH APPROACH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
RESEARCH DESIGN GROUNDED THEORY
RESEARCH SETTING SELECTED HOSPITAL OF
MORADABAD
SAMPLE PSYCHIATRIC NURSES
SAMPLE SIZE 4
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
TECHNIQIUE
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IX, SEPTEMBER/2020
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SAMPLING CRITERIA –
INCLUSION CRITERIA -
Nurses who were posted in psychiatric ward
N urses who were present at the time of data
collection
EXCLUSION CRITERIA –
Nurses who were not willing to participate in study
SECTION A
DESCRIPTION OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
Sample 1
Name – Nitin
1. Age - 30 years
2. Gender – Male
3. Religion – Hindu
4. Marital status – Married
5. Working area – Psychiatric ward
6. Professional qualification – BSC Nursing
7. Experience – 3 years
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IX, SEPTEMBER/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 1024
Sample 2
Name – Firoz
1. Age – 28 years
2. Gender- male
3. Religion – muslim
4. Marital status- married
5. Working area – Psychiatric ward
6. Professional qualification - G.N.M
7. Experience – 1 year
Name – Rashmi
Sample 3
1. Age – 34 years
2. Gender- female
3. Religion- Christian
4. Marital status- unmarried
5. Working area – psychiatric ward
6. Professional qualification - BSC Nursing
7. Experience – 5 years
Mukt Shabd Journal
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ISSN NO : 2347-3150
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Sample 4
Name – Heera
1. Age – 26 years
2. Gender – female
3. Religion – Muslim
4. Marital status- married
5. Working area - psychiatric ward
6. Professional qualification – Bsc nursing
7. Experience – 2 years
TABLE – 1.1: FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION
OF NURSES BY THEIR AGE\
SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC
VARIABLES (AGE )
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
25 YEARS – 30 YEARS
3
75 %
31 YEARS – 35 YEARS
1
25 %
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IX, SEPTEMBER/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 1026
Figure 1 FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF NURSES BY THEIR
AGE
TABLE – 1.2: FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF
NURSES BY THEIR GENDER
SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC
VARIABLES (GENDER)
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
MALE
2
50 %
FEMALE
2
50%
75%
25.50%
AGE
25 YEARS - 30 YEARS
31 YEARS - 35 YEARS
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IX, SEPTEMBER/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 1027
Figure 2- FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF NURSES
BY THEIR GENDER
TABLE – 1.3: FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF
NURSES BY THEIR RELIGION
SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC
VARIABLES
(RELIGION )
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
HINDU
1
25 %
MUSLIM
2
50 %
CHRISTIAN
1
25 %
50%50%
GENDER
MALE
FEMALE
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IX, SEPTEMBER/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 1028
Figure 3 FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF NURSES
BY THEIR RELIGION
TABLE – 1.4: FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF
NURSES BY THEIR MARITAL STATUS
SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC
VARIABLES
(MARITAL STATUS )
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
MARRIED
3
75%
UNMARRIED
1
25 %
25%
50%
25%
RELIGION
HINDU
MUSLIM
CHRISTIAN
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IX, SEPTEMBER/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 1029
Figure 4: FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF NURSES BY
THEIR MARITAL STATUS
TABLE – 1.5: FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF
NURSES BY THEIR PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION
SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC
VARIABLES (
PROFFESIONAL
QUALIFICATION )
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
BSc Nursing
3
75%
GNM
1
25 %
75%
25%
MARITAL STATUS
MARRIED
UNMARRIED
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IX, SEPTEMBER/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 1030
Figure 5 FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF NURSES BY
THEIR PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION
TABLE – 1.6: FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF
NURSES BY THEIR YEARS OF EXPERIENCE
SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC
VARIABLES (
EXPERIENCE)
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
1 YEAR – 3 YEAR
3
75%
4 YEAR – 6 YEAR
1
25 %
75%
25%
PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION
BSc Nursing
GNM
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Volume IX, Issue IX, SEPTEMBER/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 1031
Figure 6 FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF NURSES BY
THEIR YEARS OF EXPERIENCE
SECTION B
SELF STRUCTURED QUESTIONAIRE
1. Suicidal behavior is related to pathlogical factors – The participants had various
perceptions regarding suicidal behavior among adolescents. They feel that person becomes
mentally weak and is not able to understand what is good or bad . the ability to think
logically to a specific situation get lost .
Participant 1 – “I personally see it to be a problem which need early solution as it is a
serious concern related to mental health for which a proper call is needed” .
Participant 2 – “suicidal tendency is seen among adolescent who are depressed or having
anxiety. The cases need urgent attention because person with suicidal behavior loses its
balance and is with preoccupied mind that life need end”
Participant 3 – “self harm is a very common problem among adolescents which need early
assessment. Every behavior is having a purpose, before anybody will act. Therefore it is very
important to understand the behavior”
75%
25%
EXPERIENCE
1 YEARS - 3 YEARS
4 YEARS - 6 YEARS
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IX, SEPTEMBER/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 1032
Participant 4 –“ I will still consider it as a crime . “When you commit suicide, it’s a sin
against God. For example, if you commit suicide, you won’t go to heaven. You’ll go straight
to hell.”
1.1 . Suicidal behavior is a mental health issue –Participant spoke that client with
suicidal behavior can harm themselves as their normal thinking and judgmental ability is
been impaired due to disturbances in mind due to depression , anxiety, personality
disorders due to which they choose the way which is not right.
Participant 1 – It is due to depression, anxiety, too much trouble, failures in studies.
Participant 2 – it is due to family problems, excessive tension, continuous failure, broken
relationships and negative comments which make person to think abnormally.
Participant 3 – it is due to depression mostly when person lose its balance and the power of
thinking is disturbed.
Participant 4 – one of the reason for suicidal behavior can be excessive work load,
humiliation which disturb the thinking and judgmental capacity of an individual.
2. Suicidal person need professional attention - participants said that client with
self harm can do anything when they can harm themselves they are in need of urgent care
and attention.
2.1. Admit in Mental hospital – Participant spoke that self harm client should be
admitted in hospital so that they can get proper attention and advice from the nurses. They also
revealed that continuous counseling at early stage can make their condition better which will
help them to lead a normal life.
Participant 1 – “ A person who is trying to attempt suicide do not want to die so badly actually
they want to live. Many people come back and are thankful that they were not been allowed to
kill themselves at that time and were given attention.”
Participant 2 – “we should talk to the person that it is not good to harm yourself”
Participant 3 – “They simply need psychiatrist in order to listen to their problems”
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IX, SEPTEMBER/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 1033
Participant 4 – “understanding the causes for the suicidal attempt is very important “
2.2. Understanding the feelings of the sufferer – Adolescents is the time period when
these young people are having a lot many feelings , emotions , questions for which they need
someone who understand their feelings and emotions and if not everything gets build up in their
mind which can come up as a suicide.
Participant 1 – “proper care ,love. space to share their problems can help to prevent suicide”
Participant 2 – “listening and understanding their emotions is very important among
adolescents”
Participant 3 – “feelings been expressed by the patient need to understood clearly and should
not be judged“
Participant 4 – “A care taker should never use any threatening words and let the adolescent
express her feelings”
2.3 Having good peer group puts a positive impact on suicidal attempts among
adolescents – Participant conveyed that adolescents with suicidal behavior should have good
friends, as a friend help and influence the adolescents emotionally, as client can easily ventilate
their feelings to a friend .Being with friends help youngsters to cope up with problems easily.
Participant 1 – “Having good friends can help them to cope up with negative thoughts”
Participant 2 – “A good friend and a good partner can help to cope up with the problems very
easily “
Participant 3 – “Friends can stop them if they do any abnormal activity as I have witnessed
this”
Participant 4 –“they should have one understanding person with who can tell what is right and
wrong”
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IX, SEPTEMBER/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 1034
RESULT -
The objective of this study was to understand the attitude of nurses towards adolescent who have
attempted suicide. The nurses were interviewed and finally two themes emerged from data.
.
When been asked for the actions which can help in order to prevent suicide among adolescent
nurses respond that they need professional attention along with someone who can understand
their feelings. They also added that having good peer group can have positive attitude impact on
suicidal attempts among adolescents. The study clearly shows that nurse who was having less
year of experience in psychiatric ward gave negative response.
CONCLUSION
A qualitative study was carried out to assess the attitude of nurses which shows that there is a
need of continuous training for the nurses so that the negative attitude can be changed which will
SUICIDAL
BEHAVIOUR
RELATED TO
PATHOLOGICAL
FACTORS
PROFFESSIONAL
ATTENTION
THEMES
RELIGIOUS
VIEWS
MENTAL
HEALTH
ISSUES
MENTAL
HOSPITAL
UNDERSTANDING
THE FEELINGS OF
SUFFERER
GOOD
PEER
GROUP
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IX, SEPTEMBER/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 1035
eventually lead towards quality care. The study clearly demonstrates a significant difference in
attitude of nurses with more experience then with less experience. The results also need suicide
intervention strategies.
LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
The study was conducted only on psychiatric nurses. In future a comparative research can be
conducted between psychiatric nurses and other nurses so that further understanding for the
nurse’s attitude is revealed.
REFRENCES
Alston M. & Robinson B. (1992) Nurses attitudes towards suicide. Omega 25, 205–215
Barstow D. (1995) Self-injury and self-mutilation. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing 33,
19–22.
Boyes A. (1994) Repetition of overdose: a retrospective five year study. Journal of
Advanced Nursing 20, 462–468.
World Health Organization. Depression and other common mental disorders: global
health estimates. 2017. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254610/WHO-
MSD-MER-2017.2-eng.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed 18 Dec 2018.
Stein D, Brom D, Elizur A, Witztum E. The association between attitudes toward suicide
and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1998
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IX, SEPTEMBER/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 1036
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