qualitative interviews & data coding

QUALITATIVE INTERVIEWS & DATA

CODINGDr. Burmansah, M.Pd.

STIAB Jinarakkhita Lampung

QUALITATIVE INTERVIEWS & DATA

CODINGDr. Burmansah, M.Pd.

STIAB Jinarakkhita Lampung

Qualitative Interviews

Qualitative interviews afford researchers opportunities to

explore, in an in-depth manner, matters that are unique to the

experiences of the interviewees

Allowing insights into how different phenomena of

interest are experienced and perceived

Interviews are a way of knowing

(Cote and Turgeon 2005; Halcomb and Davidson 2006).

The Purpose of Interviewing

The purpose of in-depth interviewing is not to get answers to questions, nor

to test hypotheses, and not to “evaluate” as the term is

normally used.

At the root of in-depth interviewing is an interest in

understanding the lived experience of other people

and the meaning they make of that experience.

Being interested in others is the key to some of the basic

assumptions underlying interviewing technique. It

requires that we interviewers keep our egos in check.

It requires that we realize we are not the center of the

world. It demands that our actions as interviewers

indicate that others’ stories are important.

At the heart of interviewing research is

an interest in other individuals’ stories because they are of

worth.

Qualitative Interviews Data Collection Types, Options, Advantages, and Limitations

A List of Qualitative Data CollecllonApproaches

Interview Protocol

Researchers record information from interviews by

making handwritten notes, by audiotaping, or by

videotaping. Even if an interview is taped, I recommend

that researchers take notes, in the event that recording

equipment fails. If audiotaping is used, researchers need

to plan in advance for the transcription of the tape.

Interview ProtocolUse an interview protocol for asking questions and recording answers during a

qualitative interview. This protocol includes the following components:

1. A heading (date, place, interviewer, interviewee).

2. Instructions for the interviewer to follow so that standard proce dures are used

from one interview to another.

3. The questions (typically an ice-breaker question at the beginning followed by 4-5

questions that are often the subquestions in a qualitative research plan, followed by

some concluding statement or a question, such as, "Who should I visit with to

learn more about my questions?“.

4. Probes for the 4-5 questions, to follow up and ask individuals to explain their ideas

in more detail or to elaborate on what they have said.

5. Space between the questions to record responses.

6. A final thank-you statement to acknowledge the time the inter viewee spent

during the interview.

Interview Protocol

Interview Transcripts

Inductive Data Analysis

Qualitative researchers build their patterns, categories, and themes from the bottom up, by

organizing the data into increasingly more abstract units

of information.

This inductive process illustrates working back and forth between

the themes and the database until the researchers have established a comprehensive set of themes.

It may also involve collaborating with the participants

interactively, so that participants have a chance to shape the themes or abstractions that emerge from the process.

Data Analysis in Qualitative Research

PENJELAJAHAN UMUM/

GRAND TOUR OBSERVATION/

PRELIMINARY STUDY

1. OBSERVASI

2. WAWANCARA

3.

DOKUMENTASI

Data Analysis in Qualitative Research

Data Coding

Data Coding

Data Coding

Data Coding

Data Coding

TIGA

JENIS

CODING

Axial Coding

Open Coding

Selective Coding

Data Coding

Data Coding by Hand

Data Coding By Nvivo 12 Plus

RESULT OF CODING

◦ CODING SUMMERY ◦ CODING CONSTRUCT

REFERENCE

Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design: choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.).

California, USA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Cote L, Turgeon J. 2005. Appraising qualitative research articles in medicine and medical

education. Med Teach. 27:71–75.

Halcomb EJ, Davidson PM. 2006. Is verbatim transcription of interview data always necessary?

Appl Nurs Res. 19:38–42.

Cormac McGrath, Per J. Palmgren & Matilda Liljedahl (2018): Twelve tips for conducting

qualitative research interviews, Medical Teacher, DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2018.1497149

Seidman, I. (2006). Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the

Social Sciences. (3rd ed.). New York, United States: Teachers College Press.

THANK YOU!Dr. Burmansah, M.Pd.

STIAB Jinarakkhita Lampung

burmansah@stiab-jinarakkhita.ac.id