race and housing creating an american “ghetto” what is segregation? how segregated are we? how...
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Race And Housing
Race And Housing
Creating An American “Ghetto”
Creating An American “Ghetto”
What Is Segregation?
What Is Segregation?
How Segregated Are We?
How Segregated Are We?
How Does Segregation Happen?
How Does Segregation Happen?
What’s In A Name?
What’s In A Name?
Creating A “Ghetto”Creating A “Ghetto”
Take One All-Take One All-WhiteWhite
Suburban Suburban SubdivisionSubdivision
Average Value Of A House: Average Value Of A House: $250,000$250,000
Creating A “Ghetto”Creating A “Ghetto”
Working Class Black Working Class Black Families Can Move In. Families Can Move In. It Is Now A Mixed-Class It Is Now A Mixed-Class ““Black Neighborhood”Black Neighborhood”
Average Value Of A House: Average Value Of A House: $150,000$150,000
Creating A “Ghetto”Creating A “Ghetto”Average Value Of A House: Average Value Of A House:
$35,000$35,000
It Is Now A It Is Now A Radically Radically
Depressed Depressed NeighborhoodNeighborhood
What
Is
What
Is
Segre
gati
on?
Segre
gati
on?
SegregationSegregationThe degree to which various racial groups are distributed throughout a city or other residential environment in a way that, ultimately, limits both access and opportunity.
Imagine a city with 48 families in it where 8 (17%) of the
people are black
This version of that city would have total (100%) segregation.This version of that city would have zero (0%) segregation.
What
Is
What
Is
Segre
gati
on?
Segre
gati
on?
Diversity Experienced In Each Group’s Typical Neighborhood – National Metropolitan Average
(Lewis Mumford Center, University of Albany)
SegregationSegregationThe degree to which various racial groups are distributed throughout a city or other residential environment in a way that, ultimately, limits both access and opportunity.
What Are Minorities?What Are Minorities?
MinorityMinority is not a description is not a description of a group’s numerical of a group’s numerical
representation. It is really a representation. It is really a description of relative power description of relative power
and status in a society.and status in a society.
Hawaii (23% White)New Mexico (41% White)
California (40% White)Texas (45% White)
New York (49% white)Washington, DC (39% white)
San Diego (49% white)Las Vegas (48% white)
Albuquerque (42% white)Houston (40% white)
Miami (35% white)Los Angeles (32% white)
Honolulu (19% white)El Paso (13% white)
Data from US Census
What
Is
What
Is
Segre
gati
on?
Segre
gati
on?
Diversity Experienced In Each Group’s Typical Neighborhood – National Metropolitan Average
(Lewis Mumford Center, University of Albany)
SegregationSegregationThe degree to which various racial groups are distributed throughout a city or other residential environment in a way that, ultimately, limits both access and opportunity.
How
Did
(D
oes?
)
How
Did
(D
oes?
) This
Happen?
This
Happen?
• • White Flight?
White Flight?Four percent of Whites would move if there
were one Black family in their 15-house
neighborhood. That number jumps to 15 with 3
Black families? Five families? THIRTY PERCENT!
• • White Fight?
White Fight?In spite of the Fair Housing Act of 1968, between
In spite of the Fair Housing Act of 1968, between
60% and 90% of houses shown to Whites are never
60% and 90% of houses shown to Whites are never
shown to Blacks. “Steering” also persists.
shown to Blacks. “Steering” also persists.
• • Economics?Economics?Poor Blacks are as segregated as Blacks making more
Poor Blacks are as segregated as Blacks making more
than $50k a year. Latinos making minimum wage are
than $50k a year. Latinos making minimum wage are
more segregated than middle-class Latinos. Racial
more segregated than middle-class Latinos. Racial
segregation persists in even affluent suburbs.
segregation persists in even affluent suburbs.
• • Choice?Choice?Twenty-five percent of Blacks wouldn’t move into
Twenty-five percent of Blacks wouldn’t move into
an all-Black neighborhood. Seventy-
an all-Black neighborhood. Seventy-
seven percent would prefer
seven percent would prefer
a 50/50 neighborhood
a 50/50 neighborhood
Nam
es M
atte
r!
Nam
es M
atte
r!NeilNeil
BrettBrett
GregGreg
EmilyEmily
AnneAnne
JillJill
TamikaTamika
EbonyEbony
AishaAisha
RasheedRasheed
KareemKareem
TyroneTyrone
Emily Walsh and Brendan Baker
Emily Walsh and Brendan Baker
10 resumes to get one job callback
Lakisha Washington and Jamal Jones
Lakisha Washington and Jamal Jones
15 resumes to get one job callback
Resume quality matters: more labor market
experience, no employment holes, work while at school,
military experience, email addresses, honors
and awards, and computer
certificates lead to
callbacks
Even zip codes
matter: more White,
more educated,
higher average
income leads to more
callbacks
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