radiation application

Radiation Application

Marie CURIE

• Radium - was added to the dial of wristwatches to make them glow in the dark. - use to cure cancer.

George de Hevesy

• A student who was working on naturally-occurring radioactive materials.

• Suspecting that the food served to them at the boarding house was actually recycled food, he “planted” trace amounts of the radioactive material on a particular dish.

• Gold Foil Electroscope

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

3 Major areas where ionizing radiation is used in

agriculture are:

Mutation plant breedingFood IrradiationSterile insect technique

Mutation plant breeding

• Ionizing radiation has been used for several decades to produce new genetic lines of rice, sorghum, garlic, wheat, bananas, beans, avocado, and peppers, all of which are more resistant to pests and more adaptable to harsh climatic conditions.

IR 64

- was produced byTreating its breeder seed with three mutagens, namely:

• Diepoxybutane (DEB, 0.006%) • Fast Neutrons (FN 33Gy)• Gamma Rays (GR, 250 Gy)

IR 64

FOOD IRRIDIATION

• This is the process of exposing food to ionizing radiation to destroy microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, or insects that might be present in the food.

• Irradiation is known as a cold process. It does not significantly increase the temperature or change the physical or sensory characteristics of most foods

Food Type Dose (kilo Grays)

    fruit   1

    poultry   3

    spices, seasonings 30

OTHERS

Eliminating all the icroorhanisms and panthogens in food 10,000

Sterile insect technique

• This nuclear technique is used to control the reproduction of pest that destroys fruits and vegetables crops.

• A method of biological control, whereby overwhelming numbers of sterile insects are released.

DIAGNOSIS and therapy

• In medical diagnosis the strategy is to keep the radiation dose as low as possible while gaining the most information. How is this possible ? By using small amounts of short-lived radioactive isotopes injected to the patient’s body –a technique called radio isotopic tracing.

DIAGNOSIS and therapy

Thyroid-related disorder

– Iodine 123 – a gamma emitter

DIAGNOSIS and therapy

• Technetium 99m– The radioisotope is used to diagnose

diseased organs. – The half life of the isotope is very short,

6 hours.– Technetium-99m is used is used in many

cases. It is more widely used, over 20 million already, to do bone scans, kidney scans, heart scans, and lung scans.

DIAGNOSIS and therapy

• Radioimmunoassay (RIA)– detecting the

hepatitis virus from blood samples.

– detecting the presence of drugs and in a range of other substances in a sample of patient's

– blood.

DIAGNOSIS and therapy

• Radiation Therapy~ Commonly used to treat cancer. * Iodine 131 – is used to treat thyroid cancer. * Some cancer treated by the gamma rays from an external cobalt-60 source, others using internal beta radiation.

RADIOACTIVE DATING

• Using the decay curve and the isotopes known half-life the age of the sample can be estimated

• Radioisotopes are use as “nuclear clock” to determine the age of objects on an archeological, geological, and astronomical time scale.

RADIOACTIVE DATING

Uranium Dating

– used to determine the age of the Earth, the moon, or the solar system.

– can be used to determine the age of the rocks.

RADIOACTIVE DATING

Carbon Dating– Carbon-14 dating is a way of

determining the age of certain archeological artifacts of a biological origin up to about 50,000 years old. It is used in dating things such as bone, cloth, wood and plant fibers that were created in the relatively recent past by human activities.