radiation therapy for early breast cancer bgicc 2015
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Updates in Radiation Therapy
of Early Breast Cancer.Mohamed Abdulla M.D.
Prof. of Clinical Oncology - NEMROCK
Kasr Al-Aini School of Medicine.
Cairo University
BGICC – 7th
Friday; 16/01/2015
Fairmont Hotel and Tower
Breast Cancer: Current Situation
Incidence & Mortality from Breast Cancer in UK & Wales 1971-2009
Source: National Statistics, 2010
Systemic
Local
The Link Between Local Control and
Distant Dissemination in Breast
Cancer:
Local recurrences and distant metastases are partially
independent events. LR does not herald DM.
Local recurrence increased the risk of distant spread in:
1. Young women (< 35 Years) at presentation.
2. Peritumoral lymphatic invasion.
3. Local recurrence at the first 2 years.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995 Jan 4;87(1):19-27.
Int. J. Radiation Oncology Biol. Phys., Vol.
43, No. 1, pp. 11–24, 1999
Locoregional Recurrences Following Treatment of
Earlier Stages of Breast Cancer:
ONCOLOGY 14(11):1561-1581, 2000]
Radiation Therapy is Beneficial after
BCS: EBCTCG – 2011 Meta-analysis:
Lancet. Nov 12, 2011; 378(9804): 1707–1716.
17 Randomized Trials N +ve & N –ve = 10801 Patients
1 death due to breast cancer can be avoided for every 4
recurrences prevented.
Radiation Therapy is Beneficial after
BCS: EBCTCG – 2011 Meta-analysis:
Lancet. Nov 12, 2011; 378(9804): 1707–1716.
Radiation Therapy is Beneficial after
BCS: EBCTCG – 2011 Meta-analysis:
Lancet. Nov 12, 2011; 378(9804): 1707–1716.
Local Recurrence Distant Recurrence
No Radiation Therapy 25% 10%
Radiation Therapy 8% 12%
Radiation Therapy is Beneficial after
BCS: EBCTCG – 2011 Meta-analysis:
Lancet. Nov 12, 2011; 378(9804): 1707–1716.
Can we omit adjuvant radiation therapy
following BCS in low risk patients?
BASO II Trial:
• < 2 cm
• HR+
• G 1
• N0
• Wide Excision.
Results:
• No adjuvant 1.8% LR annually & can be by either RTH or TAM.
• Adjuvant RTH + TAM No LR.
PRIME II Trial:
• >65 years old
• < 3 cm
• N0
• G3 or LVI
• HR+ TAM
Results:
• 5 y IBTR: 0.6% & 2.7% (p 0.004).
• No significant difference in regional, contralateral, or distant recurrences
• Death is not linked to breast cancer in the majority.
EJC SUPPLEMENTS 8 (2010) 1– 36 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium Dec. 11, 2013
Lessons Learned Over Years:
PORTH
Breast Conserving
Surgery
Yes
All Patients
No
> 70 Years
N0
Stage I
Endocrine Therapy
Modified Radical
Mastectomy
1. T4 any N
2. T3N+
3. +ve margins Invasive Disease.
4. Any T + > 4 +ve Nodes
Extention:
1. T1-2 N+ (1-3)
2. T3N0
3. DCIS at margins.
4. TNBC (N0)
Following Neoadjuvant Therapy for
Locally Advanced
Disease
Eur J Cancer. 1995;31A(10):1574.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;65(4):1149.
UpTodate.com. Dec. 2014
CONCLUSIONS:
• 40 Gy/15 Fractions/3 weeks: is the most accepted.
• Questions waiting for answer:
1. Efficacy & Toxicity in patients with large breast size.
2. Efficacy & Toxicity in patients with more advanced tumors.
3. Tolerability with chemotherapy and monoclonal
antibodies.
• Radiation Therapy Boost:
o Routine following BCS and conventional WBRT.
o Most beneficial in young women and high risk factors.
o Following HF radiation therapy…?
Fraction Size, Fractionation and OAP:
Partial Breast Irradiation:
Results:
• OAS and distant metastases risk are not significantly
different.
• Worse cosmotic outcome.
• Higher incidence of subsequent mastectomy.
• Higher incidence of postoperative infectious and non-
infectious complications on using APBI
(Brachytherapy).
Breast J. 2010;16(3):245.
J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(32):4038.
JAMA. 2012 May;307(17):1827-37.
Partial Breast Irradiation:
More Trials are Needed for:
1. Multicentric breast cancer.
2. Pathological involvement of lymph nodes.
3. T > 3 cm.
4. LVI.
5. Breast cancer during pregnancy.
Less Optimal Candidates:
1. DCIS and Invasive Lobular Carcinoma.
2. HR-.
3. HER 2 Neu positive breast cancer.
4. Hereditary Breast Cancer (BRACA1/2).
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;74(4):987.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;78(3):799.
Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy:
> 45 Years & Unifocal Disease
TARGIT - A ELIOT
• +++ IBTR.
• + Breast Cancer Specific
Mortality.
• ≠ OAS.
• --- G 3-4 Skin Complications.
• High Risk Groups:
1. G 3.
2. ER –
3. TNBC
Lancet. 2014;383(9917):603.
Lancet Oncol. 2013 Dec;14(13):1269-77. Epub 2013 Nov 11.
Take Home Message
Radiation therapy treatment is still playing a major role in
therapeutic plan of early breast cancer following BCS in nearly
most of patients and upon indication following MRM.
Significant improvement in local control and cancer specific
survival over extended periods of time.
Hypofractionated protocol (START-B) is the recommended one.
Tumor Bed Boost should be adopted following BCT.
APBI and IORT should be taken with caution and needs more
validation.
The impact of molecular intrinsic subtypes and genomic
alterations upon determining the benefit of radiation therapy is
ongoing.
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