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Rail Outlook Study 2013–2022 Paradigm Shift Towards Intermodal Mobility Boosts Growth in All
Rail Segments
M957-13
May 2013
2 M957-13
Sarwant Singh Partner and Business Leader Automotive & Transportation
+44 207 730 3343
Sarwant.singh@frost.com
Research Team
Strategic Review Committee Leader
Franck Leveque Vice President Automotive & Transportation - EMEA
+49 (0) 69 770 33 21
franck.leveque@frost.com
Research Director
Shyam Raman Research Analyst Automotive & Transportation
+91-44-66814173
shyam.raman@frost.com
Lead Analyst
Special Thanks
Vivek Balakrishnan
Executive, Quality Assurance Hasmita Sandeep
Assistant Editor Jaya Selvi A
Production Editor
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Contents
Section Slide Numbers
Executive Summary: Global Rail Market Overview and Key Highlights 4
Research Scope, Objectives, Background, and Methodology 21
Definitions and Segmentation 28
Rail Trends in North America 30
Rail Trends in Europe 41
Rail Trends in China 56
Rail Trends in Turkey 65
Rail Trends in Eastern Europe 73
Rail Trends in Latin America 80
Rail Trends in Africa 86
Conclusion 92
Appendix 95
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Executive Summary
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Note: Assumptions based on forecasted global economic growth and the Euro crisis.
Top 5 Predictions and Trends for 2013–30
Key Predictions
• The Chinese high-speed rail network will span 25,631 km by 2030. China will have a track length of 120,000 km by 2020, more than Russia.
• Class I railroads In North America will spend over €8.70 billion towards modernisation per year until 2022. Signalling, track materials, locomotives and rail cars are of the highest priority in modernisation.
• Demand for improved efficiency in the rail industry will drive the market for advanced asset and fleet management tools, including remote diagnostics (or prognostics), passenger information and asset planning.
• China Southern Rail and China Northern Rail are to be among the top three global rolling stock manufacturers and suppliers.
• Automated people movers (APM) and personal rapid transit system (PRT) are expected to show strong growth as ‘feeder’ routes for higher-density lines in highly urbanised and densely populated areas.
• Rail automation will help increase efficiency without compromising on safety. The radio-basedcommunication-based train control (CBTC) network in Western Europe is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 22.8 per cent over the next 10 years.
Source: Frost & Sullivan
Rail I
nd
us
try G
lob
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Vis
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: 2
01
3–
30
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Key Trends
• In Europe: About 10,298 locomotives and 1,860 railcars are likely to be replaced between 2015 and 2022.
• Rail automation will provide customers with real-time information, and information transfer and sharing between different related businesses for better travel and planning.
• In North America: While light rail and commuter rail are the fastest growing markets in terms of project rollout, metro rails are the largest market for replacements.
• Train operators are starting to use Internet protocol architecture for onboard Internet access, operation and safety services. This also provides an opportunity for new-generation multimedia applications developed in IP environments to build a common base in the future.
• Africa is the highest-growth region in the rail supply market globally. The market size is set to double by 2022, as a relatively stable political environment is inviting international participants to invest in African rail infrastructure.
Note: Assumptions based on forecasted global economic growth and the Euro crisis.
Top 5 Predictions and Trends for 2013–30 (continued) R
ail I
nd
us
try G
lob
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Vis
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: 2
01
3–
30
Source: Frost & Sullivan
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• China crossed a milestone in high-speed rail (HSR), with services from Beijing to Guangzhou. The rail
covers 2,230 km in 8 hours, at an average speed of 300 km/h.
• Brazil invests over 1.48 billion in monorail systems for São Paulo and Manaus.
• Italy is spearheading mainstream deployment of driverless metro solutions, with the completion of four
lines in Milan and Rome. The market is expected to experience high growth post-2021.
• US Class I railroads invested more than €1.17 billion towards achieving 100 per cent positive train
control.
• The UK and the US have the highest number of rolling stock with Wi-Fi services in Europe and
North America, respectively.
• Over 12 projects have been approved in the Middle East, with an expected investment of over
€38.51 billion.
Highlights of 2012
Source: Frost & Sullivan
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Global Rail Supply Market is Expected to Earn €155.19 Billion in 2013 Rolling stock and services are the chief contributors. Rail control is the fastest-growing, followed by services.
Rail Market: Expected Breakdown of Rail Supply, Global, 2013
• Rail controls are witnessing extensive investment, as they are considered the first step to running a profitable railway line.
• Orders for rolling stock in Asia, the Middle East and Latin America are driving the market.
• The rail supply market is expected to grow at an annual growth rate of 3.8 per cent in 2013.
• The need for mobility is driving demand in mass transportation, passenger rail and freight applications.
• Global mainline freight and passenger levels have recovered from the 2009 recession levels. European rail traffic is constrained due to the ongoing sovereign debt crisis.
Rolling Stock Infrastructure Services Rail ControlIntegratedProjects
Total
Expected Investements 51,535.1 31,811.1 57,836.0 13,241.2 766.2 155,189.6
0.0
20,000.0
40,000.0
60,000.0
80,000.0
100,000.0
120,000.0
140,000.0
160,000.0
180,000.0
Co
st
(€ M
illi
on
)
2.3%
2.1%
2.9%
3.0% 2.6%
3.8%
Note: All figures are rounded. The base year is 2012. Source: Frost & Sullivan
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Rail in Africa, the Middle East and Latin America to Double in Size by 2023 Infrastructure spending, rolling stock orders and greenfield and brownfield projects are factors for strong growth. Political instability in Africa and the Middle East, and credit limits in Latin America keep growth in check.
7.1%
Latin America
2.7%
North America
8.0%
The Middle East andAfrica
2.1%
Western Europe
2.1%
Eastern Europe
1.8%
Asia-Pacific
2.1%
Commonwealth ofIndependent States
Rail Market: Expected Regional Growth Rates in Rail Supply, Global, 2013
• The Middle East, Africa and Latin America (LATAM) drive the rail market. • Eastern Europe shows great promise, but lack of funding continues to dampen demand, driving growth
rates below 2.5 per cent.
• India and Malaysia are expected to be the next centres of infrastructure expansion.
• Brazil’s target to
finish urban rail projects for the 2014 World Cup driver LATAM growth.
Detroit’s P3 commuter rail has been
approved with an initial grant of €207 million.
• The growth rate in Asia-Pacific (APAC) declined due to slowing rolling stock orders in China (previous orders completed).
• Nigeria’s rail industry has
over 7 on-going infrastructure projects.
Note: All figures are rounded. The base year is 2012. Source: Frost & Sullivan
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5,000.0
0.0
5,000.0
10,000.0
15,000.0
20,000.0
25,000.0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Po
pu
lati
on
(p
er
km
tra
ck)
Area per km track (km2)
Comparison of Top 20 Countries with Largest Rail Network Size China and India have low network density and high passenger compression on their networks, unlike markets such as Germany, where the population and the land area are lower.
• China and India are considering increasing the
effective network length to lower the load on the
railways due to population (thereby reducing the
population per km of track).
• In Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Russia and
the US, as the population density is low, private
freight operators own and operate most of the rail
network.
Rail Market: Comparison of Top Countries by Rail Network Size, Global, 2013
Note: Bubble size denotes length of network in km. Future trend
Zone of effective rail length for population load Note: All figures are rounded. The base year is 2012. Source: Frost & Sullivan
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-500,000
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
-200,000 0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000
Fre
igh
t T
raff
ic (
TK
M M
illio
n)
Passenger Traffic (PKM Million)
Most Large Networks are Poor Utilizers of Rail Infrastructure With the exception of China and Ukraine, most countries perform poorly in either freight or passenger transport.
100,000.0
50,000.0
0.0
50,000.0
100,000.0
150,000.0
200,000.0
250,000.0
300,000.0
350,000.0
400,000.0
(25,000) (5,000) 15,000 35,000 55,000 75,000 95,000
Fre
igh
t T
raff
ic (
TK
M M
illio
n)
Passenger Traffic (PKM Million)
Note: Bubble size denotes length of network in km.
• Low freight utilization, high passenger utilization: poor modal share of rail in freight transport
• High freight utilization, low passenger utilization: poor modal share of rail in passenger transport • China and Ukraine have balanced
utilization levels in freight and passenger rail
Rail Market: Comparison of Utilisation of Top 20 Rail Networks by Size, Global, 2013
Note: All figures are rounded. The base year is 2012. Source: Frost & Sullivan Key: PKM - Passenger Kilometre
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CSR and CNR are among the Top 3 Rolling Stock Manufacturers Strong rail programme within China has CSR and CNR as a well-equipped competitor in the global market. CSR and CNR have started competing for infrastructure projects as well through consortiums.
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000
CSR
Bombardier
CNR
Alstom
Siemens
Transmashholding
CAF
Hyundai Rotem
Kawasaki
GE Transportation
Annual Revenue (€ Million)
Ro
llin
g S
toc
k M
an
ufa
ctu
rers
• CSR and CNR are expected to decline in size by 2016 as
Chinese orders are fulfilled.
• China is funding projects in developing markets, which
increases conversion rates for rolling stock bids and also allows
for earning potential throughout the product’s life cycle.
• Hyundai Rotem is strategically positioned in Turkey to compete
in Europe, Asia, North Africa and the Middle East.
Rail Market: Top 10 Rolling Stock Manufacturers, Global, 2012
Note: All figures are rounded. The base year is 2012. Source: Frost & Sullivan
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228
247
32 15
60
2022
14.0
13.7
9.5 6.6 7.5
15.6
93.6
13.0 1.7
52.5
198.3
11.6
28.2
8.6
5.3 7.1 0.9 18.8
12.0
3.0
18.8
41.3
Europe Asia-Pacific The Middle Eastand Africa
Latin America North America
Europe and Asia Show Strongest Investments in HSR China to invest €198.30 billion to extend the HSR network to 16,000km by 2020. Globally over €581.60 billion spending by 2022.
Turkey
Sweden
Spain
Russia
Poland
Italy
Germany
France
Portugal
Switzerland
2.0
54.0
36.9
2012
Saudi Arabia Morocco
GCC
Brazil
Argentina Mexico
US
Rail Market: Cumulative Investments on High-Speed Rail Infrastructure by Country,
Global, 2012–2022
€581.60 Billion
€92.9 Billion
Europe
Asia-
Pacific
Middle
East &
Africa
Latin
America
North
America
Europe
Asia-
Pacific
A
B
C D
E
A. Projects in Poland and Portugal have been cancelled due to the Euro-zone crisis. The Portuguese project had legal disputes as well.
B. Indian railways have approved 7 HSR corridors.
C. The GCC project will link several member states by 2017.
D. Argentina’s HSR project has been put on hold
due to a crisis in funding.
E. The California High-Speed Rail is considered the only surviving project left in the US.
Africa Morocco
China
India
Japan
South
Korea
Note: All figures are rounded. The base year is 2012. Source: Frost & Sullivan
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9,824
7,361
362 200
5,395
3,694
480
3,982
9,603
511
900
Africa APAC EU LATAM NA
Operational Length Under Construction Planned
High-Speed Rail to Connect Continents in Future By 2025, the first steps to connect Asia and Europe by HSR services are expected to commence. A tremendous modal shift is also likely from highways to rail.
2012 2022
Rail Market: Length of High-Speed Rail Infrastructure by Country, Global, 2012–2022
Total 42,312 km
Total 74,896 km
Global HSR Network Length
CAGR 4.5%
• Spain, France and Turkey
are expected to have the
largest HSR networks in
Europe by 2025.
• Although India has the
potential to be the second-
largest HSR network in
Asia after China, the rate
of HSR adoption in India is
still uncertain due to
concerns in project
management and funding.
17,547
9,289
15,476
42,312
15,858
16,726
Source: UIC, Frost & Sullivan
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Europe and North America Highest Spenders in Urban Rail Latin American and Asian markets are expected to reach maturity post-2025. Africa is expected to be the highest-growth region in the world for urban rail post-2025.
362.6 171.9 504.7
3,089.5
465.0 1,480.0
2,234.0
867.6
207.2
917.0
286.3
542.4
243.0
0.0
1,000.0
2,000.0
3,000.0
4,000.0
5,000.0
6,000.0
Africa Asia-Pacific Latin America North America Europe
Inv
estm
en
t (€
Millio
n)
Light Rail Metro Commuter Rail Monorail
• Lima Metro is expected to award the contract for line 2 towards the end of 2013.
• At a total cost of €2.30 billion, the Lima Metro is expected to have Bombardiers CityFlo automation.
• The main impact of an investment of this scale would be the increased dependence on passenger rail, which could translate to future intercity projects.
• The monorail is experiencing a resurgence in adoption, with orders over €1,071 million expected in 2013.
• The monorail competitive scenario is expected to change significantly, with more participants entering the market.
• Light rail is the most popular rapid transit choice in Africa. However, future lines and expansion are expected with the monorail.
Rail Market: Expected Financial Commitments in Urban and Commuter Rail, Global, 2013
Note: All figures are rounded. The base year is 2012. Source: Frost & Sullivan
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The Future of Mobility is Multi-Modal Commuting, Combining
Door-to-Door Solutions Using Dedicated Mobility Platforms
• Door-to-door integrated multi-mobility is likely to become a reality.
• Vehicle manufacturers plan to offer smart mobility solutions, ensuring first and last mile connectivity.
• The government plans to club public transport with bike / two wheeler/car rental schemes.
• The market will probably encounter new participants termed Mobility Integrators.
City
Suburbs
Intercity
Tra
vel D
ista
nce
Travel Distance Destination
Public
Transportation
Private Cars
Shared Mobility
Micro-mobility
Intercity Bus
Intercity
Train
ty
Shared Mobility
CAR
OWNERSHIP
Rail Market: Future of Multi-Modal Passenger Transport, Global, 2022
Source: Frost & Sullivan
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Schematic of a Multi-Modal Electronic Travel Card NS: Case NS Card The electronic ticketing server is synchronised in real time with central control systems of various transport modes to provide the most updated, accurate information to passengers.
Level 0 NS-Business Card
Level 1 Equipment on
Passenger Level
Level 2 Local Systems
Level 3 Central System of
the Public Transport
Company
Level 4 Central Processing System
• The OV-chip card is the basis of the NS-Business Card and has a unique code.
• RFID Card Readers are used to
read the NS-Business Card.
• Information on ‘Check-in’ and
‘Check-out’ timestamps transferred.
• Check-in and check-out information from Level 1 equipment is stored in local systems in stations, garages and depots.
• Respective transport company receives information from Level 2 Systems.
• Billing for each card based on usage is calculated by respective transport companies.
• Payment details for each commuter are collated from different public transport companies to generate a single bill for each customer.
• Unique code offers the possibility
of personalised bills (person-oriented analysis).
• Information sent to the respective companies and employees for payment.
Source: Frost & Sullivan
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DB Bahn Touch and Travel System Technology Solution VDV Kernapplikation‘ (KA) is the German eTicketing standard embedded on an NFC SIM card. The existing mobile operator’s infrastructure is used to transmit data and is the key piece in the technology puzzle.
Sources: NFC Forum, DB Bahn, NXP and Frost & Sullivan
“eTicketing will become iTicketing. Traditional methods of fare collection are expected to become obsolete by 2030. Ticketing systems in transport systems will become “Aware” of the passenger, and
collect charges without the physical action of paying the fare.” – OEM
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Transition Shift in ICT Strategies On-board Trains Faster time-to-market solutions can be realised if rail operators also have the knowledge of IT systems, as rail operators traditionally deal with mechanical issues. They buy IT solutions but do not manage them.
Complex IT Architecture Separate & Standardise
Link System
Audio
Telephony Security Systems
Audio
Video
Telephony Security Systems y y pSystemsy
AudioRemote Monitoring
Video
Remote Monitoring
A modular approach is used Can incorporate new solutions with ease
Single point-based solutions are deployed
Difficulty in integrating new solutions
Shift of Information Technology Platforms in Trains
A d l h i d
Shift to 80% configuration & 20% customisation
Single point-based solutions are deployed
80% customisation & 20% configuration approach
Source: Frost & Sullivan
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IT has been Integrated Heavily in Every Aspect of Rolling Stock The data communication system (DCS) provides synchronisation of varied information at high bandwidth and low latency for high throughput. The DCS does not perform control functions.
Wayside data communication network
Wayside radio
Platform doors interface unit
Zone controller
Train doors
Platform doors
Zone controller + internal interlocking
Operations control centre
Cab HMI
Transponder
On-board passenger information
Spot transmission antenna
Train-borne controller
Database storage unit
Maintenance management unit
Form fit functional interface specification
Functional interface specification
External interlocking
Wayside Passenger Information
Wireless link
Human machine interface
System
Data Communication Subsystem
Spot Transmission Subsystem
Mobile radio
Sources: MODURBAN, Frost & Sullivan
Schematic Layout of the MODURBAN Communication System in Europe
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Research Scope, Objectives, Background and
Methodology
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Research Scope France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the US and Canada are regarded prolific centres of rail infotainment, often setting standards for the industry.
Rail: Infrastructure and Rolling Stock Topics Covered
2013 to 2022 Forecast Period
2012 to 2022 Study Period
2012 Base Year
Geographical Regions
The following regional markets are covered in this research service:
• North America (the United States and Canada)
• Western Europe
• Eastern Europe
• China
• Turkey
• Latin America
• Africa
Source: Frost & Sullivan
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Research Aims and Objectives
Aim
The aim of this research service is to provide an executive outlook of the growth opportunities in the
global rail market for 2013.
Objectives
• To provide a strategic overview of key mega trends influencing the global rail industry in 2013.
• To provide market drivers and opportunities in the global market and discuss the regional influence
on market dynamics.
• To provide insights into the global economy and discuss the impact on freight demand in the global
markets.
• To provide market forecasts of global vehicle sales of rolling stock for 2013–2022.
• To provide market size for infrastructure projects on a global scale, broken down for key regions.
• To provide a strategic overview of key technology trends.
Source: Frost & Sullivan
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Key Questions This Study Will Answer
What is the global market for rolling stock in 2013?
Where are the new opportunities in rail infrastructure for rail?
Which markets will drive growth opportunities for rail during 2013–2022?
What will be the impact of mega trends on the global rail industry in 2013?
Rail Market: Key Questions This Study Will Answer, Europe, 2013–2022
Source: Frost & Sullivan
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Year RS Code Research Service Title Region
2012 M77E-18 Growth Opportunities in Urban Rail Rolling Stock Systems in Europe Europe
2012 M77D-18 Strategic Insight on Global Rail Market Global
2011 M4DD-18 Strategic Analysis of the Global High-Speed Rail Market Global
2011 M64A-18 North American Locomotive Market: A Strategic Analysis of Powertrain Technologies and Auxiliary Systems
Considered by OEMs for EPA Emission Compliance North America
2011 M6DB-18 Strategic Analysis of Alternative Powertrain Technologies in the European Diesel Locomotive and Railcar
Market Europe
2011 N92D-18 An Executive Analysis on Passenger Rail Rolling Stock and Seating Systems Market in the U.S. USA
2011 P488-18 Green Technologies and Developments in Rail Transportation APAC
2010 M649-18 European Rail Catenary Systems – Executive Analysis of Copper Requirement for Electrification across
Strategic European Markets Europe
2009 M3F5-18 Strategic Analysis of the European Rail Electrification Market Europe
2009 M1B6-18 Strategic Analysis of the European Light Rail and Underground Market - Part 2: Market Engineering
Measurements Europe
2009 P2A3-18 Strategic Analysis of the Growth Opportunities in the Indian Rail Industry India
2009 M363-18 Strategic Opportunity Analysis of the Russian Rail Market: Implication for the Global Supply Chain Russia
2008 P391-18 360-Degree CEO Perspective on Green Transportation: Focus on Rail, Automotive and Procurement Global
Research Background
This research study strengthens the coverage of the rail industry.
Source: Frost & Sullivan
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Company Company
Centro Skoda Transportation
Thales Keolis Nordic AB
Invensys Rail Ltd AB Stockholms Spårvägar
RATP Barcelona Metro
Vectus Ltd. Roma Metro
ULTra PRT Milan Metro
2getthere Copenhagen Metro
Rock Project Ansaldo STS
TFL UK Bombardier
Alstom Transport Siemens
Thales
Research Methodology: Frost & Sullivan’s
research services are based on secondary
and primary research data.
Secondary Research: Extraction of
information from existing reports and
project material within the Frost & Sullivan
database, to include data and information
gathered form technical papers, specialised
magazines, seminars and Internet
research.
Primary Research: More than 10
interviews have been conducted over the
phone by senior consultants/industry
analysts with original equipment suppliers,
regulation authorities and distributors.
Primary research has accounted for 80.0
percent of the total research.
Research Methodology
Partial List of Global Industry Participants
Source: Frost & Sullivan
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Key OEM/Participant Groups Included in this Study
Group OEMs / Divisions
Alstom Alstom Transportation
Bombardier Bombardier Transportation
Siemens Siemens Mobility
Thales Thales Transportation
Invensys Invensys Rail
Finmeccanica Ansaldo STS, Ansaldo Breda
Group OEMs / Divisions
Vossloh Vossloh Kiepe
CAF CAF
Stadler Stadler
The OEM groups and companies compared in this study are as follows:
Source: Frost & Sullivan
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