recommendation smartgrids
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7/23/2019 Recommendation Smartgrids
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SmartGrid
“ Improved Power Qu
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Flaws in Existing S
Less Efficienc
Less Reliability
Pollution & Hence Globle w
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“ ”-
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Energy Independent Consumer
Bidirectional Power Flow – Use of Conve
Invertors & D
Controlling Appliances - Load ControlSmart Meters (Act acc to Ta
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w r u y
Bi est
Nightmare Of Smar
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Parameters Pow
Quality
• Continuity of service• Variation in voltage mag
• Harmonics and inter-hcontent in the waveform
•
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• Equipment like Inverters,
char ers ener savinalso reason of bad power
• Potential disturbance soube found on both, generat
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• By using of good a
with IGBT power semicond
•
transmission and distribut
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-
Monitoring Method
Event Tri ered P rec
monitor sudden voltagea network
Continuous Measurem
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- Low Volta e Level
- Dedicated PQ Meters
Medium & High Voltage
– Integrated measuremen’ ’,
Relays Via WAM
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“
“Commodit ”
ev ces
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PQ Devices according t
- -
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PQ Devices
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PQ Device-Quality
• g y accura e vo age ancurrent Source as per IEC
- -•Magnitude, frequency,phase angle and signal
shapes, as per standard•Possibility to synchronize
ur vcalibrator• - -
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mar r prom ses mprove
Quality.
Power Quality can be seen on
equipment & methods av
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Thanks For Your Kind Atte
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Security
Smart Grid and Security
आध
करा
औ
सब
सधन
पथक
िवर
से,
चषे िविवध िवध दिे य ेहै हेर ुऩच पक के
रन मन िचन स ेजन सभी जो कमा जग म क हेहो ठक य िवऩर इनके ऩच य ेकण कहे
7/23/2019 Recommendation Smartgrids
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Why Secure
•
Interoperability among six aspects of the electric power industry
• Power generation, transmission and distribution(all things that are physical)
• Command, control and communications
• sensing,• collection,
• analysis and
• interpretation of all source operational data intoinformation, and
• Transfer of such information to facilitate
•commerce and
• safe and reliable operation of power systems;
• Include such things as scheduling and dispatching thepower and control of the whole power system
• If Man in middle, impact is slow/local/partial;
• Everything auto, impact swift/widespread/total
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IEEE POWER & ENERGY Magzine 2009 – सभ
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STRUCTURE
o What need to be secured,o How it can be secured
o Who will secure what and how
o Operational systems which can be facing
cyber vulnerability
o Security System requirement
o Security practices
o Security audit
o Continual Improvement perspective i.e. we
need to plan, build processes to do, check
effectiveness of the two and act for
improvement.
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SECURITY
• Firewalls and security zoning• Separation among application
• SCADA/EMS
• ISR
• STOA
• Scheduling
• Metering and settlement
• Web access
• Corporate access
• Competing Objective
• Maintaining Model/values exchange
• Single sign on for users v/s individual
application v/s zonal boundaries
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To Secure
• Malware• Careless Employees (Password robustness
etc)
• Exploited vulnerabilities
• Zero-day exploits
• Application robustness against known
exploits such as buffers overflow/RPC
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SECURITY
Utility companiesCritical-infrastructure custodiansLikely targets of cyber terrorism
Government regulations
Historically DCS/ SCADA/ EMS/ DMS
Protected by proprietary technology
Isolated from enterprise IT
Cost and Skill Issues led to:
Standard operating systemsexposure of internet connectivity
Remote access
Has Exposed these networks to 21st-century cyber threats
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LD&C_SCADA
Approach
•
A holistic approach based on standards of goodpractices (e.g., ISO 27002)
• to achieve and maintain compliance with the
regulations and applicable standards
• Plan-Do-Check-Act
• security gap analysis• risk based prioritization of remediation requirements
• implementation of controls
• periodic assessment of implemented controls
• Implementing an information security management
system based upon standard to demonstrate highstandard of security
• business partners,
• customers, and
• regulators
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LD&C_SCADA
REGULATION
• Discuss regulatory landscape• CERC,
• IT Act
• List security implications for utilities
• Recommended approach for compliance• To achieve
• To maintain
• Evaluate The Rules
•
implications• requirements
• approach for compliance
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LD&C_SCADA
Possible incident scenario
•
An employee has a company laptop on the internetat his home office, connected to the control
network through a VPN (Virtual Private Network)
• A hacker from overseas infects the laptop with a
virus over the Internet
• The virus then propagates over the VPN connectioninto the control network and infects another
Windows PC located right in the heart of the
control system
• Is this just a hypothetical situation? It couldn't
happen to you? The bad news is that this is a realincident that actually happened to the water
supply system in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in 2006
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LD&C_SCADA
Communication
• General Issues• Complacency
• Not a concern since not attacked
• Institute a security process/team building
exercise that includes consequence analysis/
ramifications of a successful security attack• Utility do not assess any value to the information
being communicated, except in the case of control
actions – Unbundling may change this attitude???
• Dial-Up Modem Usage
•
use of auto-answer modems is of concern• TCP/IP
• increasing dependence on TCP/IP as a transport for
critical information – ICCP; Exchange; schedule
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LD&C_SCADA
Communication…contd
•
Some information exchanged (e.g. schedule)is using the Internet instead ofIntranets. The trend may continue, sinceconnectivity options using the Internetrepresent a low cost option.
• security threats• eavesdropping,
• spoofing,
• denial of service,
• Replay
• number of people/entities attached
• Appropriate security measures should bedeployed based upon an appropriateconsequence analysis
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LD&C_SCADA
Internet Connectivity
• infrastructure connectivity point to theInternet needs to be isolated through a
screening router/firewall combination from
the rest of the corporate LAN/Intranet
•
personnel need to be assigned to audit/monitor this connectivity for any security
attacks that occur
• Given sufficient audit trail, prosecution
of every attacker should be strongly
considered
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LD&C_SCADA
FIREWALL
•
Firewall represent a valid security countermeasure• typically validate a remote connection/ user to
• use a given transport -TCP/IP or OSI
• make application service requests - FTP, HTTP, RFC-1006, DNP
• Limited to a set of well defined nodes/applications
•
However, once authenticated and connected,firewall is not sufficient to enforceaccess/service privileges to information on thedestination application
• Internet applications – e.g. FTP, Telnet - have theability to be configured for user authentication(usually passwords) upon which access privileges
(e.g. read, write, etc.) will be granted.• However, protocols (e.g. DNP/870-5) are inadequate in
this regard
• Active work is ongoing to address the issue ofauthentication and security within several protocolsby TC 57
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LD&C_SCADA
Risks
•
consequence analysis is unique to each businessentity however Bypassing of controls/ controlsecurity can be rated as highest. Others include
• Exposed Trading Functions - analysis of the typeof information conveyed – anticipated financialdamages of a successful attack
• ICCP - Analysis of the dependency on informationconveyed (Telemetry and calculated data from RLDCto SLDC etc.) by/to other control centers
• Control Center to Substation Communication: The
• disruption of a substation communication can cause
problem only if remotely controlled• Metering: All revenue is based upon data acquired
through metering - this may not be an area ofconcern given alternate available and mode of datacommunication
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LD&C_SCADA
Substation
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LD&C_SCADA
Control System
•Control systems• Distributed Control Systems (DCS),
• Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC),
• Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA),
• Remote Terminal Units (RTUs),
• Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs)
• Designed to be highly reliable and
interoperable
• proprietary operating systems in the
control systems often preclude the use of
existing Information Technology (IT)
security
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LD&C_SCADA
Vulnerability
•Vendors and utilities employ• Remote access
• dial-up modem
• pc
• facilitate maintenance and remote operations
• cyber vulnerabilities can result in business-
related or safety/regulatory issues
• IT security technology will help with known
Internet threats, but is not designed to secure
control systems
• IT is responsible for cyber security but often
does not understand control systems
• Control system suppliers understand control
systems, but they are not security experts
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LD&C_SCADA
Differences
•
IT security policies such as ISO-17799 do notaddress the unique needs of control systems
• Remote access is important for the efficient
operation of control systems
• vulnerability assessments and penetration testing
of T&D and generation control systems lead tosuccessful breach in obtaining unauthorized access
to SCADA and DCS
• In the near term, control system security can be
enhanced by a combination of implementing cyber
security procedures and utilizing IT technologiesto protect from traditional IT threats
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SM A R T
G R I D
Smart Grid: ConceptsIssues
Anil SinhaConsultant/ Advisor(anilsinha@live.in)
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SM A R T
G R I D
Smart Grid “The smart grid is no revolution
rather an evolution of a proceswhich electricity grids are beingcontinuously improved to meetneeds of current and future cus(European Technology Forum)
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SM A R T
G R I DSmart Grid: General
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SM A R T
G R I D
General Increasing demand of Electri
Electricity Grid is a well know
It has three layers
Generation Transmission
Distribution
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SM A R T
G R I D
Layers
Transmission
Distribution
Generation
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SM A R T
G R I D
General The conventional Generation
Power: Thermal – Coal, Gas, etc.
Hydro
Nuclear
Depleting stock of fuel
Increased Pollution
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SM A R T
G R I D
General Generation from Renewable
of Energy is growing Renewable Sources:
Solar – Photo Voltaic
Solar – Thermal
Wind
Hydro Power (specifically, sma
Bio-Mass
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SM A R T
G R I D
General The Generation from RSE is
essentially distributed in nat The consumer may also be a
generator at the distribution This is one input for the need
Smart Grid
The RSE generation unpredic
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SM A R T
G R I D
General Among the other reasons for
Grid are: Need for Reliability, due to inc
reliance on electric power
Need for improving efficiency oavailable power
Need to reduce pollutionN d t b d f f h
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SM A R T
G R I DSmart Grid: Concepts
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SM A R T
G R I D
Limits on Scope Only the Distribution level is
considered Capacity Building is not cons
Customer Education is not co Considered in the light of Co
Automation requirement
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SM A R T
G R I D
Concepts A smart Grid is the judicious
strong combination of the ElGrid with the Information &Communication Technology
It also includes the extensionmonitored grid (with the ICT
the consumer premises, dow
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SM A R T
G R I D
Concepts Some new age functions are
available/ in use, e.g. Automatic Meter Reading (AMR
Demand Side Management (D
Distribution Management Syst
Some more functions are sel
applied to existing infrastruc
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SM A R T
G R I D
Concepts Our expectation from the Sm
Self healing
Enable Consumer Participation
Improve Quality of Power
Accommodate distributed genestorage of power, even if inter
Provide Real-time data
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SM A R T
G R I DSmart Grid: Communic
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SM A R T
G R I D
Communication The DMS solution includes
communication from ControlSub-station level (WAN)
The additional requirement: Sub-station to Consumer prem
Within Consumer premises (HA
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SM A R T
G R I D
Communication
D
M
S
S
U
B
S
T
A
T
I
O
WAN NAN
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SM A R T
G R I D
Communication Expectation
Secure Reliable
Flexible
Scalable
Cost-effective
Future-Proof
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SM A R T
G R I DSmart Grid: Application
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SM A R T
G R I D
Applications Advanced Metering
Traditional meter reading Usage Profiling
Remote Connect/ Disconnect
Outage/ Restoration Reporting
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SM A R T
G R I D
Applications Distribution level
Traditional Sub-station Autom Video Monitoring
Work-force Mobility
SCADA System (Expanded) Transformer Monitoring (DT le
Capacitor Bank Control
Voltage Monitoring
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SM A R T
G R I D
Applications Consumer level
Informed Consumer Energy Efficiency
Dynamic Pricing
Demand Response
Distributed Generation
Distributed Storage
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SM A R T
G R I DSmart Grid: Issues
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SM A R T
G R I D
Issues Smart Grid is a new Idea, st
Concept/ Demo phase Smart Grid Evolution is still o
Good Part: We continue to aideas to enhance the usabilitusefulness/ Cost-effectivene
Bad Part: When do we come
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G R I D
Issues The driver differs with the co
implementation General lack of Awareness
Very high requirement ofCommunication Infrastructurcost!
Unclear/ undefined standard
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G R I D
Issues Who will pay/ install/ mainta
consumer level smart interfacommunication infrastructure
Regulatory & Policy Inputs aincomplete
Data Protection
Possible misuse of DSM & Di
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G R I D
Way Ahead Increase the scope of C&A in
existing Grid; Install SCADA Introduce Smart Meters/ AM
Expand to include DT level inmonitoring scheme
Extend the monitoring & con
network to devices in the ho
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G R I DSmart Grid: Conclusion
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G R I D
Conclusion No common definition, Stand
in draft stage Demo Systems are in place,
Applications are being create Regulatory/ Policy framewor
to evolve
Source of funds is not clear
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G R I DThank you
Anil SinhaConsultant/ Advisor(anilsinha@live.in)
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Energy Sector
© Siemens AG 2009
May 10 E D EAPage 1
Smart Grid-A Road to Future
Kuldeep Tickoo
Siemens Ltd, India
The starting point:
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Energy Sector
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May 10 E D EAPage 2
The starting point:
changing needs, growing demands
High supplyquality
Aginginfrastructureand lack of
experts
Greater network complexityand vulnerability
Increasedenergy trading
Operational factors
Network conditionsand requirements
External influences
Power quality
Costpressure
Legaland regulatory
framework
CO2 reduction
Integration ofrenewable energy
sources
Increasingdistance between
generationand load
Fluctuating infeed
Integration ofdistributedenergyresources
Integration ofintelligent buildings
Energyefficiency
The starting point:
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Efficient grid
Multiple infeed
Demand side management
Quality assurance
Aging infrastructure and workforce
The starting point:
Drivers for flexible and (cost)-efficient grids
Drivers Challenges for the utilities
Competitive
energy prices
Need for more energy
Environmentalsustainability
Security of supply
Regulatory
and
political
push
for profitability
for flexibility
for accessibility
for reliability
Siemens Smart Grid:
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Siemens Smart Grid:
Always aiming for your benefit
Flexibility
Reliability Profitability
Accessibility
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Welcome to Smart Grid
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Vision of a Smart Grid
“Auto-balancing, self-monitoring power grid that accepts any source
of fuel (coal, sun, wind) and transforms it for the consumer‟s end use (heat,
light, hot water) with minimal human intervention.”
“A system that will allow society to optimize the use of renewable energy
sources and minimize our collective environmental footprint.”
“It is a grid that has the ability to sense when a part of its system is
overloaded and re-route power to reduce that overload and prevent a
potential outage situation.”
“A grid that enables real-time communication between the consumer and
utility, allowing us to optimize a consumer’s energy usage based
on environmental and/or price preferences.”
Source: Xcel Energy’s
Smart Grid - The three core components
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Smart Grid - The three core components
Smart
Meters
Grid
Intelligence
Utility IT
1.
2.
3.
Pathways to a Smart Grid
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Pathways to a Smart Grid
The solution
Unmanaged, not
transparent consumption
Manual reaction to critical
network situations
Primary equipment
condition not well known
Central generation,decentralized consumption
Complex engineering,
testing and manufacturing
Blackout prevention by increasing the
situational awareness and automated
counter measures
Condition monitoring for controlled
overload of bottlenecks and reliability-centered asset management
Smart metering and load management
Integration of distributed generationand storage by virtual power plants
Plug-and-play by Smart Substation
Automation
Di s t r i b u t i on
T r an smi s si on
From To
Pathways to a Smart Grid:
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Pathways to a Smart Grid:
Blackout prevention
New visualization concepts to increase situation
awareness Availability of real-time data
Problem-oriented decision support
Smart decision based on increased data volume
and quality
Manual reaction to critical
network situations
Blackout prevention by increasing the
situational awareness and automated
counter measures
From To
What‟s necessary?
Blackout prevention:
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Blackout prevention:
Characteristics
Today„s standard
Reactive grid
operation
Manual operation
Evolution
Reactive grid
operation
Automated
switching routines
Smart Grid
blackout prevention
Proactive,
preventive grid
management
Grid dispatcher has to decide within seconds
Wrong decisions or inactivity > risk of blackout!
Blackout prevention:
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Blackout prevention:
Reference example
Expert System for ADWEA DMS (Abu Dhabi):
Advanced Network Operation (ANOP) as part of Spectrum Power
Unplanned outages /
disturbances
Planned outages
Corrective measures
Normal switching status
Contingency evaluation
Fault isolation and network
restoration
Network reconfiguration at
ongoing customer supply
Emergency cases: elimination ofoverloads and undervoltages
Planned cases: Relief of
equipment loads
Network reconfiguration to come
back to normal switching status
Task Optimal action
S p e c t r u m
P o w e r –
S p e c i a l l y d e v e l o
p e d a l g o r i t h m
Blackout prevention:
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True operator assistance in every
situation – with the right degree of
complexity
Unique and robust algorithm –
adequate solutions for all operational
tasks
Significant time savings – e.g. for
outage planning
Reduced chance of errors duringplanning
…with Advanced Network Operation
(ANOP)
Blackout prevention:
Benefits
=Flexibility
Profitability
Accessibility
Reliability
Pathways to a Smart Grid:
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Pathways to a Smart Grid:
Condition monitoring
Information on the ageing or health condition of aprimary device in operation
Provided by special sensors and / or derived from
data typically available
Primary equipment condition
not well known
Condition monitoring for controlled overload
of bottlenecks and reliability-centered asset
management
From To
Condition monitoring – looking inside your equipment
Secondary
Equipment
Gis Transformer
& Tap Changer
CT, VT
Surge Arrester
Cable
Circuit Breaker
Isolators, Disconn.Earthing S.
OHL
Condition monitoring:
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Condition monitoring:
Modular integration
Condition monitoring:
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Condition monitoring:
Reference example
Additional benefit: Peak load transmission at low ambient temperatures
Transformer Monitoring for Hydro Québec (Canada)
Condition monitoring:
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g
Benefits
Flexibility
Accessibility
Reliability
Profitability
Extended lifetime
Improved asset protection
Reduced maintenance costs
Increased transmission capacity
Increased reliability
through…
Congestion Management
Outage avoidance and blackout
prevention
Risk management
Early warning for damages caused
by abnormal weather conditions
=
Pathways to a Smart Grid:
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y
Smart Substation Automation
Integrated solution – offering advanced
functionality based on different devices up to now Plug-and-play-like functionality with the latest
standards (IEC 61850)
Ready-to-tie-in solution
Access to non-operational data
Complex engineering, testing
and manufacturingPlug-and-play by Smart Substation Automation
From To
Smart Substation Automation – what does it stand for?
Smart Substation Automation:
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Applications
Smart Gear via IEC 61850
Programmable, self-monitoring GM-SG medium voltage metal-clad switchgear
Emergency standby
Primary power supply
Peak shaving
Applications
Smart Substation Automation:
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Functionality
Smart Gear via IEC 61850
Programmable, self-monitoring GM-SG medium voltage metal-clad switchgear
Auto / manual mode
Opening and closing
breakers
Open and close transition
Auto transfer schemes:
Generator paralleling
Synchronization to utility
Speed and voltage control
Load sharing
Load control
Applications
Smart Substation Automation:
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Benefits
=
Accessibility
Profitability
Reliability
Flexibility
Fast-available solution – throughshorter cycle times
Time savings in engineering and
commissioning: more than 50 %
Minimized wiring
Fast start-up – minimal downtime
High reliability through simplicity
Improved monitoring
Improved operational safety
=
Pathways to a Smart Grid:
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y
Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and storage
Energy management system for monitoring,
planning and optimization of DER
Forecasting system for load, generation of windpower plants and photovoltaic
Energy data management for collecting and keeping
the required information, e.g. loads, contractual data
Front-end for the communication with the
decentralized power units.
Central generation,
decentralized consumption
Integration of Distributed Energy Resources
(DER) and storage by virtual power plants
From To
Virtual power plants – main features:
Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and storage:
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The DEMS ® solution
Energy forecasts
Forecast of the regenerative
production
Cost-optimal planning and
management of decentralized
power supply plants
Consideration of topological
restrictions in the grid
management
Analysis and assessment of
individual energy purchase and
contracts of sale
Energy forecast
Forecast of the
regenerative production
Production optimization
Demand optimization
User interface
Reports
Storage
S C ADA
( S u p er vi s or y C on t r ol
an d
D a t aA c q ui si t i on )
P r o c e s s c o u pl i n g
Communication
DEMS
As a Windows-based system, DEMS (Decentralized Energy Management System) provides…
Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and storage:
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Reference example
Virtual power plant KonWerl (Germany)
Cost-optimal planning
and management of
decentralized power
supply plants
Generation ranging
from 500 kW to several
MW each Includescoordination of
different carriers
Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and storage:
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Benefits of Virtual Power Plants
=Accessibility
Reliability
Flexibility
Profitability
Improved Market Access:The bundling enables even small generators to trade at spot
and balancing power markets. Bundling opens up new sales
channels.
Support of network stability:With VPP distributed energy resources can cover peak
demand.
Alternative to building new power plants:
The VPP concept makes distributed energy resources
attractive to utilities as well.
Alternative to network expansion:Bundled distributed energy resources supply electricity to
regionally limited areas.
Pathways to a Smart Grid:
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Smart metering
Unmanaged, not transparent
consumption
Smart metering and load management
From To
Smart metering:
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Characteristics
Smart metering and load management – what do they stand for?
Monthly meter
reading – higher
transparency
With regard to
your customer:
Increased efficiency
of metering business
Reliable
documentation of
customer supply
Reduction of non-
technical losses
Chance foradditional services
With regard to
your business:
Platform for the
“energy efficiency
directive”
Fulfillment of legal
requirements
With regard to
legal aspects:
Smart metering:
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The AMIS System
AMIS – the integrative complete solution for all distribution network operators
AMIS Reference Project for Energie AG Oberösterreich (Austria)
Smart metering:
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Reference example
Automation of metering processes (meter reading, blockingof customer installations, billing, prepayment services, etc.)
Significant improvement of customer processes
Implementation of various tariffs
Quality improvement of consumption data due to monthly
meter reading
Replacement of ripple control
Recording of the customer supply
Automation of the transformer stations
Support of the energy efficiency program of Energie AG
AMIS Reference Project for Energie AG Oberösterreich (Austria):
The most important reasons for implementing an AMIS system are
Smart metering:
f
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Benefits
Flexibility
Accessibility
ProfitabilityReliability
Enhanced customer service
Detection of non-technical losses
(Tamper detection)
Power quality monitoring
Data to improve the outage
management
Load forecasting
Asset management, including
transformer sizing
=
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Thank You
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