reducing the impact of transportation on air pollution in china through freight and logistics -...
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Reducing Air Pollution in China through Greener Freight!
Transforming Transportation 2014!
! Presented at Transforming Transportation 2014!
! Robert Earley!! Transport Program Manager, Clean Air Asia!
Reducing Air Pollution in China through Greener Freight
Robert Earley Transport Program Manager Clean Air Asia Rob.earley@cleanairasia.org
17 January 2014 Transforming Transportation Washington D.C.
3
Diesel exhausts cause cancer
Image source: The Atlantic. HTTP://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2013/01/chinas-toxic-sky/100449
Particulate matter is killing millions
900+ µg/m3 PM2.5
4
Diesel exhausts cause cancer
Image source: The Atlantic. HTTP://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2013/01/chinas-toxic-sky/100449
Particulate matter is killing millions
30+ µg/m3 PM2.5
“Outdoor air pollution ranked 4th in mortality and health burden in East Asia (China and North Korea) where it contributed to 1.2 million deaths in 2010” --Health Effects Institute, Based on Global Burden of Disease Report
900+ µg/m3 PM2.5
Poor air quality: 7 of 10 cities in developing Asia
6
5
31
36
89
58
26
10
9
20
19
Ci&es developing Asia
Ci&es developed Asia
20-30
30-50
50-70
70-100
<20
100-150
>150
WHO Interim Target 1 70 µg/m3
WHO Air Quality Guideline 20 µg/m3
PM10 annual average concentrations µg/m3
Compiled by Clean Air Asia from multiple sources
The importance of transport
● Vehicles contribute 22-‐34% of PM2.5 in Chinese megaci&es and 30% of NOx in China, but: • Actual impacts much higher when considering secondary polluFon • Roadside exposure much higher in dense urban areas
Trans-‐boundary
20%
Vehicles 25%
Power produc&on
and industrial boilers 21%
Construc&on and road dust 10%
Industrial Processes
15% Other 9%
Shanghai PM2.5 sources
Trans-‐boundary Pollu&on 25%
Vehicles 22%
Coal Combus&on (power plant and other)
17%
Road dust 16%
Industrial VOCs 16%
Biomass burning 4%
Beijing PM 2.5 Sources
Source: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Michael Walsh
…especially diesel trucks!Diesel trucks are just 5% of China’s vehicle fleet
But they emit 61% of all vehicular particulate matter (79% with buses)
World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO-IARC)
June 2012
Small passenger
3%
Heavy duty freight 61%
Large passenger
18%
Medium duty freight 8%
Light duty freight 9%
Micro freight 0%
Mid-‐size passenger
1%
Source of PM Emission by Vehicle Type
Small passenger
74% Micro
passenger 4%
Heavy duty freight 5%
Large passenger
1%
Medium duty freight 3%
Light duty freight 11%
Micro freight 0%
Mid-‐size passenger
2%
China Vehicle PopulaFon by Vehicle Type
Source: MEP, A.C Kerney, 2011
Diesel exhausts cause cancer and climate change
Logistics Cost as Percentage of GDP
8
Logistics cost relative to GDP highest in developing Asia: greater risks of fuel security and prices
7.2% 8.3% 9.0%12.5% 14.2%
17.8%
24.0%
Source: GFAN Study Macro economical indicators, 2013
EU US Japan Korea, India China Indonesia
What is Green Freight?
• Truck and fuel standards and technologies
• Data improvements for logis&cs efficiency
• Na&onal government policies, incen&ves and recogni&on programs
• Finance accessibility for truck and fleet upgrades
• Intense private sector par&cipa&on by carriers as well as shippers
Green Freight Programs Across Asia
● Small pilot trucks project in Guangzhou 2008-‐2009 • Reque s t ed b y l o c a l g o ve r nmen t f o r
environmental concerns • Tire and aerodynamics technologies tested on 14
trucks in three truck fleets
Proof of concept and confidence building
11
Truck Type Long Haul Short Haul Short Haul
Technologies Tested
Low Resistance Tires, Tire Pressure
Monitoring System , Aluminium Rims, Gap Fairing, Nosecone,
Trailer Skirts
Low Resistance Tires, Tire Pressure
Monitoring System
Low Resistance Tires, Tire Pressure
Monitoring System
Actual Saving (%) 6.70% 1.80% 18.50%
Payback Year 2.74 3.97 0.65
Guangdong Green Freight Demonstration Project
12
$14 million – 1200 trucks • Long-‐term goal: Reduce the road freight emission in
Guangdong by 10% • Avoid 38,650 tons using green freight truck technology
• Avoid 55,270 tons through “drop and hook logisFcs” project
• Avoid 72,069 tons through logisFcs brokerage
• The total fuel savings amount to approx 64 million liters of Diesel
Green Freight in China
Guangdong Province
Ministry of Transport Ministry of Environment
Draft Green Freight China Standards
2013 China Green Freight IniFaFve ● Drab Standards Released
CGFI Green Freight Vehicle Standard CGFI Green Freight Enterprise Standard
• Fuel economy requirements • Emission standard requirements • Loading mass uFlity factor standard • Energy saving technology
installa&on and use (based on MoT catalogue of clean technologies for trucks)
• Size and reliability of fleet • Dispatch efficiency • RaFo of drop-‐and-‐hook business • Progress towards ‘modern’ logisFcs • Fleet-‐wide fuel consumpFon • Use of navigaFon equipment, recommended
truck models and recommended technologies • Etc.
http://cleanairinitiative.org/portal/node/11905
Founding Members:
Newest Members:
By awarding contracts to “Green Freight Labeled” carriers, a manufacturer receives Green Freight labels for its products
Consumers, investors, insurance companies, etc. can make informed product decisions
More effort, more leaves:
DRAFT Framework
• Fleets and governments
are starting to use
sophisticated tracking
and control systems for
trucks
• Over 20,000 trucks are
monitored in the Yangtze
River Delta Region
GPS, GIS and Mobile Data for Freight
Coming: Port and logistics data platforms
Platform Trucks
Airlines
Ports
Freight Forwarders
Railroads
Manufacturers Supply Chain Players �
Shippers Warehouses
Yards etc.
Carriers
Inspection
Other Int’l Platforms
Regional Info. Platforms
Financial organizations
Marine Shippers
How can complex monitoring systems optimize multimodal logistics, Customs clearance and at the same time reduce emissions?
Linking Green Freight Cities
Conclusions
● Freight is a huge issue for air pollu&on and climate change in Asia • It is also a significant economic issue
● Asian governments are eager to make green freight work – but need support
● Green Freight needs to work for the private sector – policy is not enough
China . India . Indonesia . Nepal . Pakistan . Philippines . Sri Lanka . Vietnam
center@cleanairasia.org Unit 3505 Robinsons Equitable Tower
ADB Avenue, Pasig City Metro Manila 1605
Philippines
Clean Air Asia Center
china@cleanairasia.org 901A Reignwood Building,
No. 8 YongAnDongLi Jianguomenwai Avenue Beijing
China
Clean Air Asia China Office
india@cleanairasia.org 1st Floor, Building No. 4
Thyagraj Nagar Market, Lodhi Colony New Delhi 110003
India
Clean Air Asia India Office
Clean Air Asia Country Networks
21
Clean Air Asia Center Members
• Shell • Asia Clean Fuels Associa&on
• Corning
245 Clean Air Asia Partnership Members
• Ci&es • Environment ministries and government agencies
• Development agencies and founda&ons • Non-‐government organiza&ons • Academic and research ins&tu&ons • Private sector companies and associa&ons
Donors in 2012 to 2013 Asian Development Bank l Ci&es Development Ini&a&ve for Asia l ClimateWorks Founda&on l DHL/IKEA/UPS l Energy Founda&on l Fredskorpset Norway l Fu Tak Iam Founda&on l German Interna&onal Coopera&on (GIZ) l Ins&tute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) l Ins&tute for Transport Policy Studies l Ins&tute for Transporta&on and Development Policy l Interna&onal Union for Conserva&on of Nature l L'Agence Française de Développement (AFD) l MAHA l Pilipinas Shell l Rockefeller Brothers Fund l Shak& Founda&on l Shell Founda&on l United Na&ons Environment Program Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles (UNEP PCFV) l USAID CEnergy l Veolia l World Bank
For more informa&on: www.cleanairasia.org For more informaFon: www.cleanairasia.org
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