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Development of Reliability-Based LRFD Methods for Piping – Research and Development Report
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References and Bibliography
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Development of Reliability-Based LRFD Methods for Piping – Research and Development Report
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Ayyub, B.M., and Atua, K., 1996. “Development of LRFD Rules for Naval Surface Ship Structures: Reliability-based Load and Resistance Factor Design Rules, Part I – Hull Girder Bending,” Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, U. S. Navy.
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Rawls, G. B., Wais, E. A. and Rodabaugh, E. C., 1992, “Evaluation of the Capacity of Welded Attachments to Elbows as Compared to the Methodology of ASME Code Case N-318,” PVP-Vol. 237-2, Seismic Engineering, Volume 2, ASME.
Regulatory Guide 1.60, 1973. ‘‘Design Response Spectra for Seismic Design of Nuclear Power Plants,’’ Atomic Energy Division.
Reich, M. and Hwang, H., 1984 “Probability-Based Load Combinations for Design of Category I Structures – Overview of Research Program and Recent Results,” Nuclear Engineering and Design V. 79, 129-135.
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Roberts, A. J. T., 1981. ‘‘Structural Materials in Nuclear Power Systems,’’ New York, Plenum Press.
Rodabaugh, E. C. and Moore, S. E., 1978, “Evaluation of the Plastic Characteristics of Piping Products in Relation to ASME Code Criteria,” USNRC NUREG Report No. NUREG/CR-0261, July, 1978.
Rodabaugh, E. G., 1984. ‘‘Sources of Uncertainty in the Calculation of Loads on Supports of Piping Systems,’’ Work performed for U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, NUREG / CR – 3599.
Ross, P. J., 1988, Taguchi Techniques for Quality Engineering, McGraw Hill, New York. Rowe, W.D., 1977, An Anatomy of Risk, John Wiley & Sons, New York Schroeder, J. and Tugcu, P., 1978, “Plastic Instability of Pipes and Tees Exposed to External
Couples,” Welding Research Council Bulletin No. 238, June 1978. Shah, N.J. 2004. “Current Piping Design,” A presentation to the ASME LRFD Task Force,
ASME. Scott, P., Wilson, M., Olson, R., Marschall, C., Schmidt, G. and Wilkowski, G., 1994, “Stability
of Cracked Pipe Under Inertial Stresses,” Subtask 1.1 Final Report, NUREG/CR-6233, BMI-2177, Vol. 1.
Shinozuka, M. and Yao, J.T.P.eds., 1981, “Probabilistic Methods in Structural Engineering,” ASCE Specialty Conference Proceedings, October 1981
Sikka, V.K and Booker, M.K., 1976, “Assessment of Tensile and Creep Data for Types 304 and 316 Stainless Steel,” ASME, Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Mexico City, Mexico, September 19-24.
Simmons, W.F. and Cross, H.C., 1955, “Elevated-Temperature Properties of Carbon Steels,” ASTM Special Technical Publication No 180, American Society for Testing Materials.
Siu, W.W.C., Parimi, S.R., and Lind, N.C., 1975, “Practical Approach to Code Calibration,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 101, No. ST7, pp. 1469-1480
Sotberg, T. and Leira B.J., 1994, “Reliability-Based Pipeline Design and Code Calibration,” Vol. V, OMAE, Pipeline Technology.
Staat, M., 2004, “Plastic Collapse Analysis of Longitudinally Flawed Pipes and Vessels,” Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol. 234, 25-43.
Stancampiano, P.A. and Zemanick, P.P.,1976, “Estimates of the Burst Reliability of Thin-walled Cylinders Designed to Meet the ASME Code Allowables,” International Joint Pressure Vessels and Piping and Petreleum mechanical Engineering Conference, Mexico City, Mexico, September.
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Stevenson, J. D., Harris, D. O., Hill, R. S, 1999. ‘‘Analysis of the Reliability of Piping Designed to ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Allowables,’’ Report submitted to ASME Working Group on Piping Design, ASME.
Stevenson, J.D., 1979 “Probabilistic Analysis of Nuclear Containment Structures to Resist Seismic Loads”, Proceedings of the ASCE Specialty Conference on Design of Nuclear Plant Facilities, April 1979
Stewart, G., Klever, F.J. and Ritchie, D., 1994, “An Analytical Model to Predict the Burst Capacity of Pipelines,” OMAE, Pipeline Technology, Vol. V
Stewart, G., Roberts, C., Matheson, I. and Carr, M. “Reliability Based Design Optimization of a “No Burst” High Pressure Pipeline,” 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, June 23-28, Oslo, Norway.
Stoner, K.J., Sindelar, R.L., Caskey G.R., Jr., 1991,“Reactor Materials Program-Baseline Material Property Handbook-Mechanical Properties Of 1950’s Vintage Stainless Steel Weldment Components (U),” Task Number: 89-023-A-1, Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29808.
Stubbe, E.J., VanHoenacker, L., Otero, R., 1994, “RELAP5/MOD3 Assessment for Calculation of Safety and Relief Valve Discharge Piping Hydrodynamic Loads,” International Agreement Report, NUREG/IA-0093
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Turkstra, C. J., 1970. “Theory of Structural Design Decisions Study No. 2,” Solid Mechanics Division, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario.
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Zhao, Yong, 1994. ‘‘Random vibration for seismic analysis of multiply supported nuclear piping,’’ Dissertation Thesis, Case Western Reserve University.
Zimmerman, T.J.E., Cosham, A., Hopkins, P., and Sanderson, N., 1998, “Can Limit States Design be Used to Design a Pipeline above 80% SMYS,” Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, OMAE98-902, Lisbon, Portugal, July.
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Appendix A. Selected Limit States In ASME Code
The following tables summarize the limit states equations according to ASME Code Section III for dead loads, sustained loads, internal pressure and seismic loads, without thermal loads:
Design Condition
Class 2 (NC3600, 1992 edition)
Class 3 (ND3600, 1992 edition)
B31.1 (1992 Edition)
Design Condition
NC3652 Eq. 8 (NC-3652): Load combination: SSL = B1 (PDo)/(2tn) + B2 (MA)/Z Strength Limit: 1.5Sh
Same as Class 2 104.8.1 Eq. 11A Effects of pressure, weight and sustained loads: Load combination: SL = (PDo)/(4tn)+0.75i(MA/Z) Strength Limit: 1.0Sh
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Design Condition
Class 2 (NC3600, 1992 edition)
Class 3 (ND3600, 1992 edition)
B31.1 (1992 Edition)
Level A & B Service Limits
NC3653 Eq. 9 (NC-3653.1) with: Load combination: SOL = B1(PmaxDo)/(2tn)+B2(MA+MB)/Z Strength Limit: Smaller of 1.8Sh or 1.5Sy Eq. 10 (NC-3653.2 (a)) for thermal expansion with Load combination: SE = iMC/Z Strength Limit: SA = f(1.25Sc +Sh) Eq. 10a (NC-3653.2(b)) for nonrepeated anchor movement with Load combination: iMD/Z Strength Limit: 3.0Sc Eq. 11 (NC-3653.2 (c)) with pressure, weight and sustained loads: Load combination: STE = (PDo)/(4tn)+0.75i(MA/Z) +i(MC/Z) Strength Limit: Sh + SA
Same as Class 2 Except Eq. 11a allowable value = 3. 0SA ( This can be an error)
104.8.2 Eq. 12A Effects of pressure, weight, sustained and occasional loads: Load combination: (PDo)/(4tn)+0.75i(MA/Z) + 0.75i(MB/Z) Strength Limit: kSh k = 1.15 for occasional loads acting 10% of any 24 hr operating period. (See Para 102.2.4) k = 1.2 for occasional loads acting 1% of any 24 hr operating period. (See Para 102.2.4) 104.8.3 Eq. 13Afor thermal expansion with Load combination: SE = iMC/Z Strength Limit: SA + f(Sh - SL) SA = f(1.25Sc +Sh)
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Design Condition
Class 2 (NC3600, 1992 edition)
Class 3 (ND3600, 1992 edition)
B31.1 (1992 Edition)
Level C NC3654 - (Condition of Eq. (9) for Service Loadings for Level C) Eq. 9 (NC-3652) with: Load combination: S = B1(PmaxDo)/(2tn)+B2(MA+MB)/Z Strength Limit: Smaller of 2.25Sh or 1.8Sy
Same as Class 2 Emergency condition? (Cannot find a reference) Load combination: (PDo)/(4tn)+0.75i(MA/Z) + 0.75i(MB/Z) Strength Limit: 1.8Sh
Level D NC3655 (Condition of Eq. (9) for Service Loadings for Level D) Eq. 9 (NC-3653.1) with: Load combination: S = B1(PmaxDo)/(2tn)+B2(MA+MB)/Z Strength Limit: Smaller of 3.0Sh or 2.0Sy
Same as Class 2
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Design Condition
Class 2 (NC3600, 1992 edition)
Class 3 (ND3600, 1992 edition)
B31.1 (1992 Edition)
Definition of Variables
SSL= Stress due to effects of pressure, weight and other sustained mechanical loads SOL= Stress due to effects of pressure, weight, other sustained and occasional loads, including earthquake B1, B2 = Primary stress indices for the specific product under investigation P = internal Design Pressure, psi Do = outside diameter of pipe, in. tn = nominal wall thickness, in. MA = resultant moment loading on cross section due to weight and other sustained loads, in-lb (NC-3653.3) Z = section of modulus of pipe, in3 Sh = basic material allowable stress at Design Temperature, psi Pmax = peak pressure, psi MB = resultant moment loading on cross section due to occasional loads, such as thrusts from relief and safety valve loads from pressure and flow transients and earthquake. For earthquake, use only one-half the range. Effects of anchor displacement due to earthquake may be excluded from Eq. (9) if they are included in Eq.(10) and EQ (11) (NC-3653.2) Sy = material yield strength at temperature consistent with the loading under consideration, psi Sh = material allowable stress at temperature consistent with the loading under consideration, psi Sc = material allowable stress at minimum (cold) temperature, psi MC = range of resultant moments due to thermal expansion, in-lb.; also include moment effects of anchor displacements due to earthquake if anchor displacement effects were omitted from Eq. (9) (NC-3653.1) SE = expansion stress SA = allowable stress range for expansion stresses (NC-3611.2) psi i = stress intensification factor (NC-3673.2) MD = resultant moment due to any single non-repeated anchor movement (e. g. predicted building settlement), in-lb. STE = stress due to pressure, weight, other sustained loads and thermal expansion f = stress range reduction factor for cyclic conditions for total number N of full temperature cycles over total number of years during which system is expected to be in operation, from Table NC-3611.2(e)-1.
Same as Class 2
P = internal Design Pressure, psi Do = outside diameter of pipe, in. tn = nominal wall thickness, in. MA = resultant moment loading on cross section due to weight and other sustained loads, in-lb (Para. 104.8.4)) Z = section of modulus of pipe, in3 i = stress intensification factor (See Appendix in B31.1 code) the product 0.75i shall never be taken as less than 1.0. SL = sum of longitudial stresses due to pressure, weight, and other sustained loads MB = resultant moment loading on cross section due to occasional loads [see Para. 102.3.3(A)], such as thrusts from relief and safety valve loads from pressure and flow transients and earthquake. For earthquake, use only one-half the range. Effects of anchor displacement due to earthquake may be excluded from Eq. (12) if they are included in Eq.(13) (see Para. 104.8.4) MC = range of resultant moments due to thermal expansion. Also include moment effects of anchor displacements due to earthquake if anchor displacement effects were omitted from Eq. (12) (see Para. 104.8.4) f = stress range reduction factor for cyclic conditions for total number N of full temperature cycles over total number of years during which system is expected to be in operation, from Table 102.3.2 (C). SA = allowable stress range for expansion stresses
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Appendix B. Steel Used In ASME Code, Part III
The following Table presents the Specified Minimum Yield Strength (SMYS) and the Specified Minimum Tensile Strength (SMTS) of steels used in the ASME Code, Part III, for the design of piping.
SPEC # Gr.,Cl., Ty. Nominal Product UNS # SMYS SMTS Notes Common
Composition (ksi) (ksi) Name
SA-53 Ty S-Gr
A C Stl W&SP K02504 48 30 black & hot-
dipped
Ty S-Gr
B C-Mn Stl K03005 60 35 zinc coated
Ty E-Gr
A C Stl K02504 48 30
Ty E-Gr
B C-Mn Stl K03005 60 35 SA-106 Gr A C-Si Stl SP K02501 48 30
carbon steel pipe
Gr B C-Si Stl K03006 60 35 for high-
temperature Gr C C-Si Stl K03501 70 40 service
SA-134 C Stl WP >=NPS 16
A36, A283, A285, A570
SA-312 Gr TP304 18 Cr-8 Ni Sm&WP S30400 75 30
Gr
TP304H 18 Cr-8 Ni S30409 75 30 Austentic stainless
Gr
TP304L 18 Cr-8 Ni S30403 70 25 steel
Gr
TP304N 18 Cr-8 Ni-N S30451 80 35
Gr
TP304LN 18 Cr-8 Ni-N S30453 75 30
Gr
TP309S 23 Cr-12 Ni S30908 75 30
Gr
TP309Cb 23 Cr-12 Ni-
Cb S30940 75 30
Gr
TP310S 25 Cr-20 Ni S31008 75 30
Gr
TP310Cb 25 Cr-20 Ni-
Cb S31040 75 30
Gr TP316 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo S31600 75 30
Gr
TP316H 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo S31609 75 30
Gr
TP316L 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo S31603 70 25
Gr
TP316N 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo-N S31651 80 35
Gr
TP316LN 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo-N S31653 75 30
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SPEC # Gr.,Cl., Ty. Nominal Product UNS # SMYS SMTS Notes Common
Composition (ksi) (ksi) Name
Gr TP317 18Cr-13Ni-
3Mo S31700 75 30
Gr TP321 18 Cr-10 Ni-
Ti S32100 75 30 Sm <3/8in
Gr
TP321H 18 Cr-10 Ni-
Ti S32109 75 30 Sm <3/8in
Gr TP347 18 Cr-10 Ni-
Cb S34700 75 30
Gr TP347
H 18 Cr-10 Ni-
Cb S34709 75 30
Gr TP348 18 Cr-10 Ni-
Cb S34800 75 30
Gr TP348
H 18 Cr-10 Ni-
Cb S34809 75 30
Gr TP XM19
22Cr-13Ni-Mn S20910 100 55
nitronic 50 or 22-13-5
SA-333 Gr 1 C- Mn Stl Sm&WP K03008 55 30
low-temperature
Gr 6 C- Mn-Ci Stl K03006 60 35 service Gr 8 9Ni K81340 100 75 Gr9 2Ni-1Cu K22035 63 46
SA-335 Gr P1 C- 1/2Mo SP K11522 55 30
Gr P2 1/2Cr- 1/2Mo K11547 55 30 ferritic alloy
steel
Gr P5 5Cr- 1/2Mo K41545 60 30 for high-
temperature Gr P9 9Cr- 1Mo K81590 60 30 service
Gr P11 11/4Cr-
1/2Mo-Si K11597 60 30 Gr P12 1Cr- 1/2Mo K11562 60 30 Gr P21 3Cr- 1/2Mo K31545 60 30 Gr P22 21/4Cr- 1Mo K21590 60 30
SA-358 Gr 304 18Cr- 8Ni WP S30400 75 30
Gr 304L 18Cr- 8Ni S30403 70 25 electric-fusion
Gr 304N 18Cr- 8Ni-N S30451 80 35 welded
austentic
Gr
304LN 18Cr- 8Ni-N S30453 75 30 chromium-
nickel Gr 304H 18Cr- 8Ni S30409 75 30 alloy steel pipe
Gr 309 23Cr- 12Ni S30900 75 30 low-
temperature Gr 310 25Cr- 20Ni S31000 75 30 service
Gr 316 16Cr- 12Ni-
2Mo S31600 75 30
Gr 316L 16Cr- 12Ni-
2Mo S31603 70 25
Gr 316H 16Cr- 12Ni-
2Mo S31609 75 30
Gr 316N 16Cr- 12Ni-
2Mo-N S31651 80 35
Gr 316N 16Cr- 12Ni-
2Mo-N S31653 75 30 Gr 321 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32100 75 30
Gr 347 18Cr-10Ni-
Cb S34700 75 30
Gr 348 18Cr-10Ni-
Cb S34800 75 30
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SPEC # Gr.,Cl., Ty. Nominal Product UNS # SMYS SMTS Notes Common
Composition (ksi) (ksi) Name
Gr XM-
19 22Cr-13Ni-
5Mn S22100 100 55 SA-369 Gr FP1 C-1/2Mo FBP K11522 55 30
Gr FP2 1/2Cr-1/2Mo K11547 55 30 carbon and
ferretic Gr FP5 5Cr-1/2Mo K41545 60 30 alloy steel
Gr FP9 9Cr-1Mo K90941 60 30 for high-
temperature Gr FP11
11/4Cr-1/2Mo-Si K11597 60 30 service
Gr FP12 1Cr-1/2Mo K11562 60 30 Gr FP21 3Cr-1Mo K31545 60 30 Gr FP22 21/4Cr-1Mo K21590 60 30
SA-376
Gr TP304 18Cr- 8Ni SP S30400 75 30
Gr
TP304H 18Cr-8Ni S30409 75 30 austentic steel
pipe
Gr
TP304N 18Cr-8Ni-N S30451 80 35 for high
temperature
Gr
TP304LN 18Cr-8Ni-N S30453 75 30 central station
Gr
TP316 16Cr- 12Ni-
2Mo S31600 75 30 service
Gr
TP316H 16Cr- 12Ni-
2Mo S31609 75 30
Gr
TP316N 16Cr- 12Ni-
2Mo-N S31651 80 35
Gr
TP316LN 16Cr- 12Ni-
2Mo-N S31653 75 30
Gr
TP321 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32100 75 30 <3/8in
Gr
TP321 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32100 70 25 >3/8in
Gr
TP321H 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32109 75 30 <3/8in
Gr
TP321H 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32109 70 25 >3/8in
Gr
TP347 18Cr-10Ni-
Cb S34700 75 30
Gr
TP347H 18Cr-10Ni-
Cb S34709 75 30
Gr TP 348
18Cr-10Ni-Cb S34800 75 30
SA-409
Gr TP304 18Cr- 8Ni WP S30400 75 30
Gr
TP304L 18Cr-8Ni S30403 70 25 large diameter
Gr
TP316 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo S31600 75 30 austentic steel
Gr
TP316L 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo S31603 70 25 for corrosive or
Gr
TP321 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32100 75 30 high-
temperature
Gr
TP347 18Cr-10Ni-
Cb S34700 75 30 service Gr 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S34800 75 30
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SPEC # Gr.,Cl., Ty. Nominal Product UNS # SMYS SMTS Notes Common
Composition (ksi) (ksi) Name
TP348 SA-426 Gr CP1 C-1/2Mo CCP J12521 65 35 CP1
Gr CP2 1/2Cr-1/2Mo J11547 60 30 Centrfugally
cast CP2
Gr CP5 5Cr-1/2Mo J42045 90 60 ferritic alloy
steel CP5
Gr CP9 9Cr-1Mo J82090 90 60 for high-
temperature CP9
Gr CP11 11/4Cr-1/2Mo J12072 70 40 service CP11
Gr CP12 1Cr-1/2Mo J11562 60 30 CP12 Gr CP21 3Cr-1Mo J31545 60 30 CP21 Gr CP22 21/4Cr-1Mo J21890 70 40 CP22
Gr
CPCA15 13Cr J91150 90 65 CPCA15 SA-430
Gr FP304 18Cr-8Ni FBP S30400 70 30
Gr
FP304H 18Cr-8Ni S30409 70 30 austentic steel
Gr
FP304N 18Cr-8Ni-N S03451 75 35 for high-
temperature
Gr
FP316 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo S31600 70 30 service
Gr
FP316H 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo S31609 70 30
Gr
FP316N 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo-N S31651 75 35
Gr
FP321 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32100 70 30
Gr
FP321H 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32109 70 30
Gr
FP347 18Cr-10Ni-
Cb S34700 70 30
Gr
FP347H 18Cr-10Ni-
Cb S34709 70 30 SA-451 Gr CPF3 18Cr-8Ni CCP J92500 70 30 CPF3
Gr
CPF3A 18Cr-8Ni J92500 77 25 Centrifugally
cast CPF3A
Gr
CPF3M 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo J92800 70 30 austentic steel CPF3M
Gr CPF8 18Cr-8Ni J92600 70 30 for high-
temperature CPF8
Gr
CPF8A 18Cr-8Ni J92600 77 35 service CPF8A
Gr
CPF8M 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo J92900 70 30 CPF8M
Gr
CPF8C 18Cr-10Ni-
Cb J92700 70 30 CPF8C
Gr
CPH8 25Cr-12Ni J93400 65 28 CPH8
Gr
CPK20 25Cr-20Ni J94202 65 28 CPK20
Gr
CPH20 25Cr-12Ni J93402 70 30 CPH20 SA- Gr 18Cr-8Ni CWP S30409 75 30 Centrifugally
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SPEC # Gr.,Cl., Ty. Nominal Product UNS # SMYS SMTS Notes Common
Composition (ksi) (ksi) Name
452 TP304H cast
Gr
TP347H 18Cr-10Ni-
Cb S34709 75 30 austentic steel
Gr
TP316H 16Cr- 12Ni-
2Mo S31609 75 30 for high-
temperature SA-660 Gr WCA C-Si Stl CCP J02504 60 30
Centrifugally cast WCA
Gr WCB C-Si Stl J03003 70 36 carbon steel WCB
Gr WCC C-Mn-Si Stl J02505 70 40 for high-
temperature WCC SA-671
Gr CA55 C Stl WP K02801 55 30 SA-285, Gr C
Gr CB60 C-Si Stl K02401 60 32 electric -fusion SA-515, Gr60 Gr CB65 C-Si Stl K02800 65 35 welded pipe SA-515, Gr65
Gr CB70 C-Si Stl KO310
1 70 38 for atmospheric
and SA-515, Gr70
Gr
CC60 C-Mn-Si Stl K02100 60 32 lower
temperatures SA-516, Gr60
Gr
CC65 C-Mn-Si Stl K02403 65 35 SA-516, Gr65
Gr
CC70 C-Mn-Si Stl K02700 70 38 SA-516, Gr70
Gr
CD70 C-Mn-Si Stl K02400 70 50 SA-537, Cl 1
Gr
CD80 C-Mn-Si Stl K02400 80 60 SA-537, Cl 2
Gr
CE55 C-Mn-Si Stl KO220
2 55 30 SA-442, Cr 55
Gr
CE60 C-Mn-Si Stl K02402 60 32 SA-442, Cr 60
Gr
CK75 C-Mn-Si Stl K02803 75 40 SA-299 SA-672 Gr A45 C Stl WP K01700 45 24 SA-285, Gr A
Gr A50 C Stl K02200 50 27 electric -fusion SA-285, Gr B Gr A55 C Stl K02801 55 30 welded pipe SA-285, Gr C
Gr B55 C-Si Stl K02001 55 30 for high-pressure SA-515, Gr55
Gr B60 C-Si Stl K02401 60 32 service at moderate SA-515,Gr60
Gr B65 C-Si Stl K02800 65 35 temperature SA-515,Gr65 Gr B70 C-Si Stl K03101 70 38 SA-515,Gr70 Gr C55 C-Si Stl K01800 55 30 SA-515,Gr55 Gr C60 C-Mn-Si Stl K02100 60 32 SA-516,Gr60 Gr C65 C-Mn-Si Stl K02403 65 35 SA-516,Gr65 Gr C70 C-Mn-Si Stl K02700 70 38 SA-516,Gr70 Gr D70 C-Mn-Si Stl K02400 70 50 SA-537, Cl 1 Gr D80 C-Mn-Si Stl K02400 80 60 SA-537, Cl 2 Gr E55 C-Mn-Si Stl K02202 55 30 SA-442, Gr55 Gr E60 C-Mn-Si Stl K02402 60 32 SA-442, Gr60 Gr H75 Mn-1/2Mo K12021 75 45 SA-302, Gr A
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Development of Reliability-Based LRFD Methods for Piping – Research and Development Report
160
SPEC # Gr.,Cl., Ty. Nominal Product UNS # SMYS SMTS Notes Common
Composition (ksi) (ksi) Name
Gr J80 Mn-1/2Mo-
1/2Ni K12539 80 50 SA-533, Gr B, Cl
1
Gr J90 Mn-1/2Mo-
1/2Ni K12539 90 70 SA-533, Gr B, Cl
2
Gr J100 Mn-1/2Mo-
1/2Ni K12539 100 83 SA-533, Gr B, Cl3 Gr L65 C-1/2Mo K11820 65 37 SA-204, Gr A Gr L70 C-1/2Mo K12020 70 40 SA-204, Gr B Gr L75 C-1/2Mo K12320 75 43 SA-204, Gr C Gr N75 C-Mn-Si Stl K02803 75 40 SA-299
SA-691
Gr CM65 C-1/2Mo WP K11820 65 37
carbon and alloy A204, Gr A
Gr
CM70 C-1/2Mo K12020 70 40 electric-fusion A204, Gr B
Gr
CM75 C-1/2Mo K12320 75 43 welded for high A204, Gr C
Gr CMSH-
70 C-Mn-Si Stl K02400 70 50 pressure and A537, Cl1
Gr CMS-
75 C-Mn-Si Stl K02803 75 40 temperature SA-731
Gr TPXM-33 27Cr-1Mo-Ti Sm&WP S44626 65 40 martensitic
Gr TPXM-33 27Cr-1Mo S44627 65 40 stainless steel
SA-813
Gr TP304 18Cr-8Ni WP S30400 75 30
Gr
TP304H 18Cr-8Ni S30409 75 30 single or double
Gr TP304
L 18Cr-8Ni S30403 70 25 welded
Gr
TP304N 18Cr-8Ni-N S30451 80 32 austentic
Gr
TP304LN 18Cr-8Ni-N S30453 75 30 stainless steel
Gr
TP309S 23Cr-12Ni S30908 75 30
Gr
TP316 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo S31600 75 30
Gr
TP316H 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo S31609 75 30
Gr
TP316L 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo S31603 70 25
Gr TP316N
16Cr-12Ni-2Mo-N S31651 80 32
Gr
TP321 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32100 75 30
Gr
TP321H 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32109 75 30
Gr
TP347 18Cr-10Ni-
Cb S34700 75 30
Gr
TP347H 18Cr-10Ni-
Cb S34709 75 30
Gr
TP348 18Cr-10Ni-
Cb S34800 75 30 Gr 18Cr-10Ni- S34809 75 30
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Development of Reliability-Based LRFD Methods for Piping – Research and Development Report
161
SPEC # Gr.,Cl., Ty. Nominal Product UNS # SMYS SMTS Notes Common
Composition (ksi) (ksi) Name
TP348H Cb
SA-814
Gr TP304 18Cr-8Ni CWWP S30400 75 30
Gr
TP304H 18Cr-8Ni S30409 75 30 cold-worked
Gr TP304
L 18Cr-8Ni S30403 70 25 welded
austentic
Gr
TP304N 18Cr-8Ni-N S30451 80 35 stainless steel
Gr
TP304LN 18Cr-8Ni-N S30453 75 30
Gr
TP316 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo S31600 75 30
Gr
TP316H 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo S31609 75 30
Gr
TP316L 16Cr-12Ni-
2Mo S31603 70 25
Gr TP316N
16Cr-12Ni-2Mo-N S31651 80 35
Gr
TP321 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32100 75 30
Gr
TP321H 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32109 75 30
Gr
TP347H 18Cr-10Ni-
Cb S34709 75 30
Gr
TP348 18Cr-10Ni-
Cb S34800 75 30
Gr
TP348H 18Cr-10Ni-
Cb S34809 75 30 Sm = Seamless Pipe W = Welded Pipe
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