regional network of local authorities for the management of human settlements
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Transferring Effective Practices:Guidelines
Presented by Dato’ Lakhbir Singh ChahlSecretary General, CITYNET
Regional Network of Local Authorities forthe Management of Human Settlements
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TRANSFERRINGEFFECTIVEPRACTICES
DECENTRALISEDCOOPERATION
NETWORKING PARTNERSHIPS
INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY
- SHARING INNOVATIVE IDEAS & SOLUTIONS
- CREATING STRATEGIES FOR ADAPTATION & IMPLEMENTATION
Introduction
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Promote technical
cooperation
Better matching supply and demand
Now: Peer-to-Peer (City-to-City)
CITY CITY
CITYNET encourages peer-to-peer transfer by city-to-city cooperation, promoting best practice transfers at the LOCAL LEVEL
Peer-to-Peer Transfers
RECIPIENTDONO
R
Before: Donor to Recipient
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Yokohama
Shanghai
MumbaiColombo
Kuala Lumpur
Bangkok Karachi
Shanghai
Dhaka
Chittagong
Makati
Hanoi
KathmanduLyon
Taipei
Suva
Seoul
Peer-to-Peer Transfers
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EFFECTIVENESS:
More effective transfers between socially and economically similar cities
Similar cities face similar problems and are able to form cooperative solutions
What city networks such as CITYNET have to offer:
opportunities for the identification of common issues, problems and solutions
sharing of knowledge, expertise and experience
establishment of regional and national networks of urban practitioners
documentation and dissemination of effective practices
initiation of dialogues between cities
training activities; organisation of study tours
Peer-to-Peer Transfers
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Tangible Impact
Technical
Feasibility Factors for Transfers
Three Main Types of Transfers
Partnership Sustainability
Informational Managerial
Elements of a Transfer
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Four Principal Steps for Effective TransfersSTEP 1
Match Supply with Demand
STEP 2Define scope of
Transfer
STEP 3Adapt Transfer
STEP 4Implement and
evaluate Transfer
•Awareness of relevant best practices
•Agreement in principle to explore possibilities of exchange
•Formation of transfer committees or task forces comprised of key stakeholders and task managers on both sides•Transfer feasibility study (comparison of respective indicators, contexts and obstacles)•Agreement and signature of MoU between stakeholders •Documentation of lessons learned (supply side)
•Adaptation of transfer to local context
•Pilot demonstration project
•Documentation of lessons learned (demand side)
•Full scale implementation •Assessment of results
•Evaluation report
Intermediary’s Role:Catalyst
Intermediary’s Role:
BrokerIntermediary’s Role:
FacilitatorIntermediary’s Role:
Evaluator
Awareness Building and Media Involvement Monitoring and Evaluation
Elements of a Transfer
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Elements of a Transfer
Each has an important and specific role to play
Key Actors in Transfers
City Officials
Governments – National, State,
LocalPrivate Sector
Media
Academic/Research Organisations
FoundationsNGOs and CBOs
Professional and Civic Organisations
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Political Support
Financial Support
Technical Support
Admin. Support
Facilitator/ Mediator
Government X X X
City Officials X X X X
NGOs/ CBOs X X X
Private Sector X X X
Professional Associations
X X X X
Media X X XAcademic/Research Organisations
X X X
Foundations X X XMulti- and Bi-lateral Support Programs
X X X X X
Suggested Actors and Possible Functions of Key Roles
Elements of a Transfer
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Elements of a TransferProcess Indicators for the Effective Transfer of Practices
PARTICIPATIONDoes the transfer involve and/or promote participation of all possible stakeholders?
TRANSPARENCYIs the transfer process open and accessible to all stakeholders?
ACCOUNTABILITYAre mechanisms in place to ensure accountability for actions and responsibilities of all partners involved?
INCLUSIONIs the participation of all potential stakeholders considered in the transfer’s design?
FINANACIAL FEASIBILITYAre resources and/or funding available to realize and sustain the initiative? Are funding alternatives identified?
SUSTAINABILITYDoes the initiative consider the economic, environmental and social needs without trading off one at the great expense of the other, now or in the future?
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Host Participant
Roles and responsibilities
Roles and responsibilities
Information Dissemination
Knowledge, expertise and experience
Site visits, Transfer
Surveys, Plans
Target community
Implementation PlansPilot/Demo
Monitoring & Assessment
Solution ProblemMatching-- --
Elements of a Transfer
KEY COMPONENTSOF A TRANSFER
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OBSTACLES: Political resistance to change…
Staff resistance to change…
Inappropriate rules and regulations…
Corruption…
Inability to work across departmental or divisional boundaries…
Little or no local involvement in policy formulation and decision-making…
RESPONSES:…face-to-face meetings with officials
…training to empower staff
…peer-to-peer learning and study tours to create awareness of problems
…best practices forge ”win-win” situations to overcome corruption
…study tours and staff exchanges involving a team of decision-makers
…demonstrate effectiveness of local partnerships through best practice transfers
Overcoming Obstacles and Challenges
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Overcoming Obstacles and Challenges
Flexibility and Innovation are a Fundamental Requirement
To Any Transfer
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Overcoming Obstacles and Challenges
Building on New Opportunities through Best Practice Transfers
EnsuringTransparency &Accountability
PolicyReform
Empowering theLocal Community
and NGOS
Involves multiple stakeholders and actors in the process of implementation, ensuring transparency and accountability
By recognising and acknowledging local communities’ potential and real contributions to bettering their own living environment
Engage in broad dialogue and consider how others have introduced participatory planning and decision-making processes
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a common or shared set of problems and issues
similarities in social, economic and demographic contexts
local support for such partnerships and co-operative exchanges
similarities in social, economic and demographic contexts
a mutual commitment to share and to learn
documented evidence of a proven solution in the form of a good or best practice
an understanding of the similarities and differences in administrative and political contexts and procedures
Considerations for the Selection of Partners and Projects
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Considerations for the Selection of Partners and ProjectsClarifying Capacity – Scales of Transfer Agreements
HOST PARTICIPANTStudy Tour with action planning
Study Tour
Staff Exchange
Staff secondment/experts
Types of technical cooperation Agreements
Technical Cooperation Agreement
Twinning AgreementLong term peer-to-peer learning, exchange, study tours,
etc.
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TCDC Advisory Services
Photo: AX Walde
Resulted in the following proposals:- Pilot waste segregation at barangay level with support from SEVANATHA - Maximizing composting at the dumpsite - Organizing waste pickers into waste recyclers at barangay level.
Experts from Bangkok, SEVANATHA And Sri Lankan Cities
Makati, Muntinlupa and Baguio
CITYNET AS INTERMEDIARY
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTPromoting the Compost Bins as an Promoting the Compost Bins as an Alternative Solution for Household Alternative Solution for Household
Waste Disposal Waste Disposal
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Penang (Malaysia)Yokohama
Transfer from Yokohama to Penang
Photo: BernadiaPhoto: Bernadia
Results:Results:Solid waste management: (a) Launch of Solid waste management: (a) Launch of recycling activities by Penang Municipality, (b) recycling activities by Penang Municipality, (b) Solid waste data collection and management.Solid waste data collection and management. Urban Design: (a) Master plan for George Town Urban Design: (a) Master plan for George Town Areas and Campbell Street.Areas and Campbell Street.
Road management: (a) Traffic safety plan for Road management: (a) Traffic safety plan for Penang and (b) the development of parking Penang and (b) the development of parking lots. lots.
CITYNET facilitated successful transfers from Yokohama to Penang (1993 – 1995)
Photo: BernadiaPhoto: Bernadia
TCDC TAS (Technical TCDC TAS (Technical Advisory Services):Advisory Services):-- Experts from Yokohama -- Experts from Yokohama were assigned --were assigned --
PENANG CITY
TCDC Study Visit and Training:TCDC Study Visit and Training:-- Penang staff visited Yokohama - Penang staff visited Yokohama for study tours and training --for study tours and training --
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Considerations for the Selection of Partners and Projects
Checklist for an Effective Partnership Agreement
Develop clear and achievable mission and goals
Identify type of partnership agreement
Develop estimated timeline
Secure required resources
Set clear expectations
Provide necessary staffing and training
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1. Hosts also learn from visiting teams and benefit from reviewing their own practice
2. Learning takes place at individual, organisational, and institutional levels
3. Product champions play a critical role in the transfer process
4. Successful implementation of transfers requires partnerships; a participatory, integrated and flexible approach
5. Transfer provides a non-crisis incentive for cross-cultural collaboration
Lessons Learned
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6. Transfer is not only a product but also a process
7. Extraneous factors can derail a transfer
8. Open-ended learning works best
9. Failures teach as much as success
10. Assessing cost-effectiveness of initiatives is important
11. Understand the local context to assess opportunities and constraints of a transfer
12. It is important to celebrate the replicator
Lessons Learned
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Lessons LearnedOPPORTUNTIES FOR LEARNING AND
DEVELOPMENTEmpowering People
Formalizing and Strengthening Mechanisms
for ParticipationTransparency, Trust, &
OpennessStrategic & Comprehensive
PlanningLeadership and Change –
“Thinking Outside the Box”
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STEP PROCESS
Impact Evaluation Gather key participants together as a group to evaluate the results of the transfer
Constructive Critique Develop a list of criteria from the previous stages of the transfer process that best represents the critical factors of the project
SurveyUsing the criteria developed by the participants, develop a survey-feedback instrument to be distributed to and completed by community stakeholders, e.g., residents, NGOs, businesses, government
Document Collect, compile and document survey results
Identify Identify key success and problem areas
Long-term Schedule on-going evaluative processes to highlight successes and discuss remedies/alternatives for problems
STRATEGIC PROCESS FOR PROGRAM EVALUATION
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5F International Organisations Center, Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama
220-0012, JAPANTel: 81-45-2232161; Fax: 81-45-2232162
E-mail: info@citynet-ap.org; URL: www.citynet-ap.org/
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