reproduction

B E L L R I N G E R : N A M E A N D E X P L A I N 1 T H I N G T H A T M A Y I N C R E A S E T H E R I S K O F C A N C E R .

REPRODUCTION

REPRODUCTION

• All organisms, like these animals, need to reproduce

REPRODUCTION

• There are two kinds of reproduction: sexual and asexual

• Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are different from the parents

• Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• In asexual reproduction, the offspring are identical to the parent. They are known as clones

• Much like Boba Fett and Jango Fett from Star Wars

KINDS OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• One way organisms reproduce asexually is actually mitosis.

• Bacteria do a similar process but we call it binary fission.

KINDS OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• Budding is when the parent grows a genetically identical offspring on its body, and then the offspring breaks away

KINDS OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• Regeneration occurs when an offspring grows from a piece of the parent.

KINDS OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction in which offspring grow from a part of a parent plant.

KINDS OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• Cloning is a type of asexual reproduction performed in a laboratory that produces identical individuals from a cell or from a cluster of cells taken from a multicellular organism.

• Scientists have been able to clone many animals with the chromosomes from one parent.

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Advantages

• No mate necessary• Saves time and

energy• Can produce large

numbers of offspring all at once

Disadvantages

• Can result in harmful mutations• No variation

(everything is identical) so if there are bad genes they are constantly passed on

BRAIN POP!

• http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/asexualreproduction/preview.weml

SEXUAL REPRODUCTIONB E L L R I N G E R: N A M E A N A DVA N TAG E O R D I S A DVA N TAG E O F

A S E X U A L R E P R O D U C T I O N

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• In sexual reproduction, a female and male sex cell come together

• The female sex cells are called eggs

• The male sex cells are called sperm

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• Fertilization is the process through which the sperm and egg join.

• When the sperm joins with the egg they create something called a zygote

DIPLOID CELLS

• Organisms that reproduce sexually form body cells (muscle, bone, etc.) and sex cells (sperm and egg)

• In body cells of most organisms, similar chromosomes occur in pairs.

• Diploid cells are cells that have pairs of chromosomes.

• All cells in your body are diploid except for sperm and egg

DIPLOID CELLS

• Pairs of chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order are called homologous chromosomes.

• Because one chromosome is inherited from each parent, the chromosomes are not identical.

• Different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes.

DIPLOID CELLS

HAPLOID CELLS

• Some cells have only half the number of chromosomes. These are haploid cells.

• In your body only the sperm and egg cells are haploid.

• When two haploid sex cells meet, they form a diploid zygote.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Advantages

• Genetic variation• Due to genetic variation,

individuals have slight differences.

• Genetic variation may enable organisms to be more disease-resistant, or stronger or have some other advantage over another member of the same species.

Disadvantages

• Organisms have to grow and develop until they are mature enough to produce sex cells.• Organisms must form

sex cells—either eggs or sperm.

REVIEW

• Which of these is not a kind of asexual reproduction?

A. BuddingB. CloningC. FertilizationD. Vegetative Reproduction

REVIEW

• What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?

A. Genetic variation occursB. No need for a mateC. Selective breeding is possibleD. Use of sperm and egg

REVIEW

• A cell with pairs of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father is known as:

A. Diploid cellB. GametesC. Haploid cellD. Sex cell

REVIEW

• When sperm and egg come together, they form a:

A. A new egg cellB. Haploid cellC. Sex cellD. Zygote