resilience, coping, and relationship building
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Resilience, Coping, and Relationship
BuildingAmra, Monique and Patience
Class activity
Divide into groups of 3 (self select). Discuss an adverse or negative situation you experienced. What were your initial feelings and how long did they last? What did you do in response to that situation? When did you realize you were ready to take on your regular routine again or create a new routine for yourself?
What is Resilience?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=GvIczMyWfns&feature=fvwp
One more definition…
“In the context of exposure to significant adversity, resilience is both the capacity of individuals to navigate their way to the psychological, social, cultural and physical resources that sustain their well-being, and their capacity individually and collectively to negotiate for these resources to be provided and experienced in culturally meaningful ways.” (Ungar, 2008, p.225)
What about coping?
What do resiliency and coping have in common? How are they different?
What is coping?
Coping is a set of efforts that “seek to manage, master, tolerate, reduce or minimize the demands of stressful environment,” (Taylor & Stanton, 2007, p. 378).
Similarities between resilience and coping
Both are easier to positively maintain when protective factors are in place such as optimism, a sense of mastery or personal control of one’s life, self esteem and positive social supports.
Differences between resiliency and coping
Coping responses can consist of direct action or avoidance and can be adaptive or maladaptive (Taylor & Stanton, 2007). Whereas those who are resilient adapt to their adverse situation rather than simply manage or tolerate it (Corcoran & Nichols-Casebolt, 2004)
Why is resiliency important?
The amount of resiliency one has can determine how well a person responds to a stressful or adverse situation whether that be discrimination, trauma, loss, or other negative circumstances. Having a lower level of resilience may result in any number of mental health concerns such as depression, PTSD, etc.
Risk & Protective Factors in Resiliency
Risk and protective factors for resiliency often converse with each other. Three types of protective factors: individual, family, and environmental/situational (micro, meso, and macro). Within these 3 types protective and risk factors range from health, intelligence and self-esteem, to family cohesion and socioeconomic resources, to community social support and discrimination (either the presence or lack of).
Limitations in current research
“…resilience research tends to neglect the heart of the matter: the value people and communities place on various factors, especially when they do not fit within society’s dominant paradigms. Resilience research has not adequately acknowledged different communities’ meaning systems or described the reciprocal processes taking place at the intersection of personal and community meaning-making,” (Ungar in Wexler, DiFluvio & Burke, 2009).
Case Study: Resiliency in Bosnia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Women’s groups
Hand embroidered cloth
Bosnian participant
Embroidery work
Creating resiliency together
Program graduates knit
Products in display
Making a beautiful rug
Threading of yarn
Woman opened her own store
Cultural Competency and Relationship
Building“Relationship between individuals may hold more weight than credentials” (Aronso, 2004, p. 185)
CATEGORY 2010 2011
Canada’s total
population
0.8% 0.7%
Family Class 60,222 56,419
Economic Class
186,920 156,077
Permanent residents in
AB
32,650 30,941
What is Culture?
Ethnicity is a quality of group identity that comes
from shared history, ancestry, and language
usually tied to a place and time
Race is a sense of group identity that comes from similar
physical characteristics
Racial
group
Ethnic groups Cultural
groups
(Samantrai, 2004, pp. 31-32)
CULTURE???
(Perry & Tate-Manning, 2006, p. 737)“Culture can be broadly understood as a social group that among other similarities can share values, beliefs, customs and worldviews”.
(James, 2003, p. 202)“…changes within a culture are due to global influences, the movement of people from one country to/and or another and the interaction of various racial, ethnic and social groups”.
(NASW, 2001, p. 11)
“A process of improving individuals’ and systems ability to respond to “people of all cultures, languages, classes, races, ethnic backgrounds, religions, and other diversity factors in a manner that recognizes, affirms, and values the worth of individuals, families, and communities and protects and preserves the dignity of each”.
CULTURAL COMPETENCE DEFINED
(Green, 1982, p.87)“The ability to conduct professional work in a way that is consistent with the expectations which members of distinctive culture regard as appropriate among themselves”.
(Samantrai, 2004, p. 32)“Refers to ways of thinking and behaving that enable members of one cultural, ethnic, or linguistic group to work effectively with members of another”.
CULTURAL COMPETENCE ???
CULTURAL COMPETENCE DEFINED(Cross, Bazron, Dennis, & Isaac, 1989, p. 13)
“Cultural competence embraces the importance of culture, the assessment of cross-cultural relations, vigilance towards the dynamics that results from cultural differences, the expansion of cultural knowledge and the adaptation of services to meet culturally unique needs”
(Kohli, Huber, & Faul, 2010, p. 257)
“Cultural competence…involves awareness of one’s own biases or prejudices and is rooted in respect, validation, and openness towards differences among people. Cultural competence begins with an awareness of one’s own cultural beliefs and practices, and the recognition that others believe in different truths/realities than one’s own. It also implies that there is more than one way of doing the same thing in a right manner”.
CULTURAL COMPETENCE DEFINED
CULTURAL COMPETENCY IS A JOURNEY NOT A GOAL
Conceptualization of Cultural Competency to Practice
Knowledge Base
• Self awareness• Awareness
Skill Base
• Relationship building
Value
Base
• Attitude towards client• Social justice
Samantrai, 2004, pp. 32-33
WO
RK
ER
’S L
EV
EL
Relationship building
Your Yard stick Assessment
Validate children’s knowledge
Help seeking strategies
How to address people
Avoid labelling or stereotypes
Avoid ethnic lumping
(Fontes, 2005)
IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE
Loyalty and attachment to family
Collectivism
Respect for authority
Warmth in interpersonal relationship
(stutman, Baruch, Grotberg, & Rathore, 2002)
Latino Youth
Resilience envision a return to the traditional culture of the past as a fundamental path to healing
Characteristic specific to their culture is: Spirituality, Holism Resistance Forgiveness
(Tousignant, & Sioui, 2009)
Aboriginals
(Hiroko & Matute, 2012)The Explorative Work
ETHIOPIANS: Elders, pastors, (Dr. Lulu)
SUDANESE: Elders, older relatives, close family
SOMALIANS: Police but family
AFRICANS
Search for Harmony.
The Story of Little Turtle. (Agnell, 2000)
Understanding the difference between resiliency and coping, some methods in which people show and maintain resiliency and non-Western cultural methods of building relationships can help us assess further strengths within our clients.
Final thoughts…
Reference List
Agnell, G. Brent. (2000). Cultural Resilience in North American Indian First Nations: The Story of Little Turtle. Critical Social work, vol. 1, no 1.
Andersson, N., & Ledogar, J. R. (2008). The CIET Aboriginal , Youth Resilience Studies: 14 Years of Capacity Building and Methods Development in Canada. Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenous Community Health 6(2)
Bourassa, J. (2009). Psychosocial interventions and mass populations: A social work perspectives. International Social Work, 52(6), 743-755
Carbonell, D.M., Reinherz, H.Z., Giaconia, R.M., Stashwick, C.K., Paradis, A.D. & Beardslee, W.R. (2002). Adolescent protective factors promoting resilience in young adults at risk for depression. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 19 (5), 393-412.
Corcoran, J. & Nichols-Casebolt, A. (2004). Risk and resilience ecological framework for assessment and goal formulation. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 21 (3), 211-235.
Reference List • Cross, T., B. Bazron, K. Dennis & M. Isaacs (1989). Towards a Culturally Competent
System of Care. Washington, DC: CASSP Technical Centre.• Green, J. (1982). Cultural Awareness in the Human Services. Englewood Cliffs,
NJ:Prentice-Hall.
• Keefe, S.E. (2009). Participatory development in Appalachia: Cultural identity, community, and sustainability. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press
• James, J. (2003). Seeing Ourselves: Exploring Race, Ethnicity and Culture (3rd ed.).Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.
• Kohli, H. K., Huber, R., & Faul, A. C. (2010). Historical and theoretical development of culturally competent social work practice. Journal of Teaching in social work, 30, 252-271. doi: 10.1080/08841233.2010.499091
Reference List• Perry, C., & L. Tate-Manning (2006). “Unravelling Cultural Constructions in Social
Work Education: Journeying toward Cultural Competence.” Social Work Education 28, no. 7, 735-745.
• Samantrai, K. (2004). Culturally Competent Public Child Welfare Practice. Australia: Thomson-Brooks/Cole.
• Stutman, S., Baruch, R., Groterg, . & Rathore, Z. (2002). Resilience in Latino Youth. Working Paper, Institute for Mental Health Initiatives. Washington DC: The George Washington University. The CIET Aboriginal
• Taylor, S.E. & Stanton, A.L. (2007). Coping resources, coping processes and mental health. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 3, 377-401.
• Tousignant, M., & Sioui, Nibisha. (2009). Resilience and Aboriginal Communities in Crisis: Theory and Interventions. Canada: Journal of Aboriginal Health
Questions/Comments?
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