respiratory system. fun fact: according to the asthma & allergy foundation of america, atlanta...
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Fun fact: According to the Asthma & Allergy Foundation of America, Atlanta is the #1 WORST place to live if you suffer from asthma and allergies!
Nasolacrimal ducts
Canals that allow tears to drain from the eyes to the nasal cavity.
These are why people get runny noses when they cry.
Avoid touching your eyes: viruses on fingers can be transported from the eye via the nasolacrimal duct to the nose and throat.
What is Asthma?
Excess mucus secretion results in bronchial plugging.
Inflammatory changes occur in the bronchial walls.
Signs and Symptoms of Asthma
Rapid breathing (>30).Cough, tightness in chest. Inability to speak full sentences.Labored breathing.
Signs and Symptoms of Asthma
Diaphoresis (sweating).Pale or cyanotic nails/skin/lips. “Tripod position.”Audible wheezing.Prolonged expiratory phase.
Treatment of Asthma
Call 911!Allow patient to stay in most
comfortable position.Have patient use own
inhalers if possible.
Note on Inhalers
Why should people NOT share inhalers?
Try to think of at least three reasons.
•May have different medicine.
•May have incorrect dose for individual.
•Sharing germs.
•Inhaler may not be ready for original individual if needed.
Acute Bronchitis Caused by infection. Most often caused by one of a number
of viruses that can infect the respiratory tract and attack the bronchial tubes.
Infection by certain bacteria can also cause acute bronchitis.
What makes it chronic?
Chronic bronchitis can be mild to severe and is longer lasting — from several months to years.
With chronic bronchitis, the bronchial tubes continue to be inflamed (red and swollen), irritated, and produce excessive mucus over time.
Don’t SMOKE
Asthma AND Bronchitis??
In people with asthma, bouts of bronchitis may come on suddenly and trigger episodes in which they have chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing, and difficulty exhaling (breathing out).
In a severe episode of asthmatic bronchitis, the airways can become so narrowed and clogged that breathing is very difficult.
Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Bronchitis
Excess mucous.Productive cough.Wheezing.Dyspnea.Prolonged expiratory phase.
Emphysema
Walls of the alveoli deteriorate and lose their elasticity.
CO2 is trapped in alveoli.Poor air exchange.
Emphysema
Signs and symptoms include dyspnea, feeling of suffocation, pain, barrel chest, chronic cough.
Treatment of Emphysema
Bronchodilators, treatment of infections, oxygen therapy, respiratory therapy.
Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis
Patient may know they are having allergic reaction.
Obvious respiratory distress.
Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis
Tightness in throat and chest.Audible wheezing on inhale
AND exhale.
Signs and Symptoms of AnaphylaxisRunny noseTearingHives
Flushed, red skin
Swelling May have low
blood pressure due to shock.
Be Careful!
One study in The Annals of Emergency Medicine described three cases in which people having heart attacks thought wrongly that they were hyperventilating.
These patients died after losing oxygen while breathing into bags.
Hyperventilation
Often called an “anxiety attack” or “panic attack.”
No related deaths (due to actual anxiety attack).
Signs of an Anxiety Attack
Rapid, deep breathing or gasping for air.
Flushed, red appearance.Diaphoresis.
Symptom of an Anxiety Attack
Classic clue: this person will complain of numbness and tingling to fingers and toes.
Treatment of Hyperventilation
Be careful to take a complete history and not miss something more serious.
Treatment of Hyperventilation
Calm the patient.Have them breathe slowly. Instruct them to breathe in
through nose and out through mouth (“blowing out birthday candles.”)
Pleurisy The double-layered pleura protects and
lubricates the surface of the lungs as they inflate and deflate within the rib cage.
Normally, a thin, fluid-filled gap -- the pleural space -- allows the two layers of the pleural membrane to slide gently past each other.
When these layers become inflamed, with every breath, sneeze, or cough their roughened surfaces rub painfully together like two pieces of sandpaper.
Go to Intubation Video on Web
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/anesthesiology- elective/images/anesth0002.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/anesthesiology-elective/airway/equipment.cfm&h=289&w=400&sz=20&hl=en&start=2&sig2=09mfOfx539FqPFqPd3y1pQ&usg=__a_5O9hAMVaZku9r0wBJq17X5Sas=&tbnid=kVk42i_SkhsVSM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=124&ei=aA_lSPfyJIay9ASZrMCzDg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnasopharyngeal%2Bairway%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive
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