review: how is your body organized? similar cells are grouped together to form a tissue (epithelial,...

Review: Review: How is your body organized?How is your body organized?

• Similar cells are grouped together to form a tissue (epithelial, nervous, muscle, connective)

• different tissues are grouped together to form organs (ex. stomach)

• organs that work together to perform a specific function make up a system (ex.

digestive system a includes organs

Tissue

Organ

Organ System

What is the function of your Digestive System?

- The cells in your body need a source of energy in order to function properly; there has to be a way to get the energy out of the environment and into your cells.

- The food you eat provides your cells with theenergy they need for daily function; his is stored in the chemical bonds of the food`s molecules.

- The function of your digestive system is to breakdown food into pieces (molecules) that aresmall enough to enter your cells, so that theymay be used as an energy source.

Nutrition UnitNutrition Unit

Nutrition involves all the processes involved in the absorption, use and elimination of the

substances needed to keep our bodies in good working order.

This involves:This involves:

1) Digestive System: needed to transform the food we eat into nutrients our cells can use.

2) Respiratory System: oxygen is needed to transform the nutrients we eat into chemical energy

3) Circulatory System: our blood circulates the nutrients and oxygen to our cells.

4) Excretory System: needed to filter our blood and eliminate waste in liquid form

NutritionNutrition

Essential NutrientsEssential NutrientsTo function, the human body must have nutrients. The nutrients known to be essential for human beings are:

1) proteins 2) carbohydrates (all sugars and starches) - this includes Fiber.3) fats 4) water 5) vitamins 6) minerals

A nutrient is a substance found in food that is used by the body to meet important needs.

ProteinsProteins

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

FatsFats

Water

Vitamins

Minerals

The Energy Value of FoodThe Energy Value of Food

• A joule (J) is the typical measurement unit for energy;

• With food, however, calories (cal) are commonly used to measure the energy content of foods.

• 1 cal = ~ 4000 J or 4 kJ (kilojoules)

• Energy is used for everything we do, from breathing to talking and even sleeping!

Average Energy Content in Nutrients

Nutrient Energy Content

KJ / g Cal / g

Carbohydrate 17 4

Fats 37 9

Proteins 17 4

Water nil nil

Vitamins nil nil

Minerals nil nil

Energy Output for Various Energy Output for Various ActivitiesActivities

Activity (1 hour) Required Calories

Sleeping or resting 60

Sitting 90

Standing 120

Walking 170

Running Over 300

Energy RequirementsEnergy Requirements

• The amount of energy you need to perform your daily activities determines the amount of food you should eat.

• This is different for every person depending on:– AgeAge– SexSex– WeightWeight– Level of physical activityLevel of physical activity

• A typical adolescent girl requires 1800- 2400 calories/day• A typical adolescent boy requires 2200- 3200

calories/day

Energy ValueEnergy Value

• Carbohydrates and fats are the body’s major source of energy

• Proteins are mostly used to build and repair body tissue, but may be sometimes used as an energy source if there are not enough carbohydrates or fats to meet our energy needs.

• Water, vitamins and minerals are NOT sources of energy

Canada’s Food GuideCanada’s Food Guide

Breyers Ice Cream, All Natural Light Mint Chocolate Chip

How many calories are from Fats?

How many calories are from Carbs?

How many calories are from Proteins?

How many hours of running would you have to do to burn this amount of calories?

How many calories are from Fats?

How many calories are from Carbs?

How many calories are from Proteins?

How many hours of running would you have to do to burn this amount of calories?

Hershey's Chocolate Bar, Special Dark Chocolate

Breyers Ice Cream, All Natural Light Mint Chocolate Chip

How many calories are from Fats?

9 Cal x 4.829 Cal x 4.82gg = 43.38 Cal = 43.38 Cal

How many calories are from Carbs?

4 Cal x 19.314 Cal x 19.31gg = 77.24 Cal = 77.24 Cal

How many calories are from Proteins?

4 Cal x 3.194 Cal x 3.19gg = 12.76 Cal12.76 Cal

= 133.38 Calories per ½ cup.= 133.38 Calories per ½ cup.

How many hours of running would you have to do to burn this amount of calories?

Just under ½ hour of running with your heart rate over 120 beats / min.