revolutions

Before SR• Teachers found truth in

• Greek and Roman teachings• The Bible

• Earth was center of universe – geocentric theory

The Scientific Revolution• Spreading of ideas

• Printing press• Exploration

• Some ? The past • Looked at nature for answers• Based on Scientific method

• Challenged:• Old G and R ways• Church

Nicolaus Copernicus • Discovered - heliocentric theory

• Sun center of universe• Why important today (WIT)?

• It’s true!!

Galileo Galilei• Challenged Aristotle

• Law of pendulum• All objects fall at same speed

• Challenges• He proved Copernicus

• WIT• Changed scientific world• Challenged the church

Conflict with the Church (Galileo)• The church urged him to stop his ideas about the universe• The Church forced him to deny his ideas he knew to be true• Sentenced to house arrest for the rest of his life (1642)• Later, the Church issued an apology to Galileo, saying they

were wrong to suppress his scientific findings IN 1992!!!!!

Sir Isaac Newton• Law of motion

• The same force rules all motion in universe• Every object attracts every other object

• WIT• Theories still used today

Robert Boyle• Boyle’s law

• Volume, temp, and pressure of gas affect each other

• Perfected scientific method in chemistry• WIT

• Theories still used today

Scientific Method• Gathering ideas and testing them

1. Problem or ? with science 2. Form hypothesis or ?3. Test hypothesis (experiment) and gather data4. Study data – get answers5. Prove or disprove hypothesis6. Repeat

• WIT• Changed the way we study science• Improved humanity

1. Idea goes away if he dies? Others who have idea?

2. Nuclear weapons?3. Other periods in history of “dealing”

with beliefs

The Enlightenment• Started with two men

• Thomas Hobbes• John Locke

• A “revolution” in intelligence – new views of government and society

The Enlightenment• Reached its height in Paris 1700s• Expansion of education and wealth

• Middle class demanding more polt rights (Am Rev)

• Philosophes wanted to discuss politics and ideas1.Reason – truth is found in logical thinking2.Nature – natural law is also good for econ and

politics 3.Happiness – joy is now, not in heaven4.Progress – SM will perfect society5.Liberty – no restriction on speech, religion,

trade, travel

The Enlightenment• Thomas Hobbes

• Govt is to keep order (no govt = war)• Social contract

• To escape wickedness – people give up rights to leader

The Enlightenment• John Locke

• Govt power is from the people (democracy)• People born with – life, liberty and property

• Govt is to protect those rights• People can overthrow their govt

The Enlightenment• Voltaire

• Freedom of religion and speech• Montesquieu

• Separation of powers in govt (checks and bal)• Rousseau

• Govt is formed by the people (direct democracy)• Thomas Aquinas

• His teachings on law/govt influence democracy• Thomas Jefferson

• Free speech, religion, indy feedoms, wrote DOI• William Blackstone

• Influence English law and early American law