rey ty, 2014, inglehart, world values survey, findings

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Findings of Inglehart & Company’s

World Values Survey

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Inglehart–Welzel cultural map of the world

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Inglehart’s World Values Survey

Materialist Values

Post-Materialist Values

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ModernizationPost-

Modernization

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Agrarian Society

Industrial Society

Knowledge Society

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TraditionalSecular-Rational

Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.

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Religious-Traditional

Secular-Rational

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ReligiosityNational

PrideRespect for Authority

Obedience Marriage

Traditional Values

Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.

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SecularismNo to

National Pride

Respect for Equality

Question Authority

Marriage is Obsolete

Secular-Rational Values

Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.

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Survival Self-Expression

Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.

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Security over Liberty

No to LGBTQINo to Political

Action

Distrust in Outsiders

Weak Sense of Happiness

Survival Values

Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.

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Liberty over Security

Accept LGBTQI

Political Action

Trust in Outsiders

Strong Sense of Happiness

Self-Expression Values

Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.

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Revised Theory of

Modernization

Hi Sense of Security

More Secular-Rational

Lo Sense of Security

More Traditional

Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.

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Agency

As sense of individual agency

increases

People shift from survival to self-

expression

As sense of individual agency

decreases

People shift from self-expression

to survival

Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.

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World Values Survey

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Agrarian Societies

Low Security

Traditional

Values

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Transition from Agrarian to

Industrial Societies

Largest Increase in Existential

Security

Largest Shift from Traditional to

Secular-Rational Values

Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.

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IndustrialSocieties

High Security

Secular Values

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Transition from Industrial Societies

to Knowledge Societies

Largest Increase in Individual Agency

Also Largest Shift from Survival to Self-Expression

Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.

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Extreme Value Differences in Culture

Zone Pattern

Islamic Middle EastStrongest Stress on

Traditional & Survival Values

Protestant Northern Europe

Strongest Stress on Secular-Rational &

Self-Expression Values

Welzel, Inglehart & Klingemann 2003, pp. 341–80.

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Different Historical

Pathways to Modernity

Different Culture Zones

Hence, Different Sense of Security

& Individual Agency

Difference Sense of Secular-

Rational & Self-Expression

Values

Welzel, Inglehart & Klingemann 2003, pp. 341–80.

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Gender Generation Ethnicity

Religious Denomination

Education

Income

(Social Class), etc.

Values also differ within societies along cleavage lines:

Inglehart & Welzel 2010, pp. 551–67.

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If living conditions provide people with strong sense of existential security &

individual agency

Then they will have strong stress on secular-rational & self-expression values

Inglehart & Welzel 2010, pp. 551–67.

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Experiences of existential security & individual agency shaping people’s values differ greatly too.

Basic living conditions differ greatly between societies.

Between-society differences are greater than within-society differences

Within & Between Societies Differences

Inglehart & Welzel 2010, pp. 551–67

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Self-expression values.

Emancipative values are part of

Alexander & Welzel 2010, pp. 1–21

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Alexander & Welzel 2010, pp. 1–21

Equality of oppor-tunities

Freedom of choice

Emancipative

values stress…

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Alexander & Welzel 2010, pp. 1–21

Lifestyle liberty

Gender equality

Personal autonomy

People’s voice

Emancipative values involve priorities for

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Emancipative values are a key component of human empowerment.

Once set in motion, people are empowered to exercise freedoms in their course of action.

Welzel & Inglehart 2010, pp. 43–63.

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Human Empowerment

Socio-Economic Level

Action Resources increase people’s

abilities to exercise freedoms

Socio-Cultural Level

Emancipative values increase people’s hopes to exercise

freedoms

Legal-Institutional Level

Democratic rights increase people’s entitlements to

exercise freedomsWelzel, Inglehart & Klingemann 2003, pp. 341–80.

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Human Empowerment is an

entity of…

Socio-Economic Level

Action Resources increase people’s

abilities to exercise freedoms

Socio-Cultural Level

Emancipative values increase people’s hopes to exercise

freedoms

Legal-Institutional Level

Democratic rights increase people’s entitlements to

exercise freedomsWelzel, Inglehart & Klingemann 2003, pp. 341–80.

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Empowering capabilities Aspirations Entitlements

Advance or Recede in Spirals

Human Empowerment

is an entity of...

Inglehart’s World Values Survey

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Welzel 2010, pp. 1–23.

Emancipative values are…

a cultural component of human

empowerment.

They set up a civic form of modern individualism…

That favors out-group trust & cosmopolitan

outlook towards others.

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Emancipative values encourage non-violent protest,

Providing social capital to activate

society,

Making publics more self-

expressive & vitalizes civil society

advancing civic agency.

Welzel, Inglehart & Deutsch 2005, p. 121–46

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Welzel 2007, pp. 397–424

they help to keep movements stay in democracy.

If emancipative values grow in countries that are democratic,

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under pressures to sustain, substantiate, or establish democracy.

Emancipative values encourage mass actions that put power holders

Welzel 2007, pp. 397–424

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Economic Prosperity

Income Equality

Ethnic Homogeneity

World Market Integration

Global Media Exposure

Closeness to Democratic Neighbors

Protestant Heritage

Social Capital

Factors that Promote Democracy as They Favor Emancipative Values

Welzel 2007, pp. 397–424

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Emancipative values change the nature of

the desire for democracy

More liberal & empowering

understanding of democracy

Not bread-&-butter & law-&-order issues

Make people assess their country’s

democracy critically

Not overrate their country’s democratic

performance.

Emancipative values generate a critical-liberal desire for

democracy.

Best predictor of level of democracy & good

governance.Welzel & Inglehart 2010, pp. 311–29

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Emancipative values

Advance women empowerment

Alexander & Welzel 2010, pp. 1–21

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Emancipative values

From stressing decent

subsistence

To enhancing human agency

Overall level of subjective

well-being rises

Welzel & Inglehart 2010, pp. 43–63

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Inglehart’s World Values SurveyThe emancipative

consequences of the human mpower

process are not culture-specific,

as the empowerment processes that advance emancipative values & a critical-liberal desire

for democracy

Happens in the West, the East, & in other

culture zones.

Welzel 2011, pp. 1–31

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Islam & individual I.D. as Muslim weaken

emancipative values.

Among young Muslims with high education &

esp. among young Muslim women with

high education,

The Muslim/Non-Muslim gap over

emancipative values closes.

Welzel, Inglehart & Deutsch 2005, p. 121–46

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Your Critique?

Reflection

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References1. Alesina, A; Giuliano, P; Nunn, N (2010), The Origins of Gender roles — Women and the Plough (PDF), World Values Survey.

2. Alexander, A; Welzel, C (2010), "Empowering Women: The Role of Emancipative Values", European Sociological Review 27 (3).

3. Alexander, A; Welzel, C (2011), "Islam and Patriarchy: How Robust is Muslim Support for Patriarchal Values?" (PDF), World Values Research 4 (2).

4. Brockmann, H; Delhay, J; Yuan, H; Welzel, C (2008), The China Puzzle: Declining Happiness in a Rising Economy (PDF), Journal of Happiness Studies.

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10. Inglehart, Ronald; Baker, Wayne (2000), "Modernization, Cultural Change and the Persistence of Traditional Values" (PDF), American Sociological Review (U Mich) 65 (1): 19–51, doi:10.2307/2657288, JSTOR 2657288.

11. Inglehart, Ronald; Basanez, Miguel; Diez-Medrano, Jaime; Halman, Loek; Luijkx, Ruud, eds. (2004), Human Beliefs and Values: A cross-cultural sourcebook based on the 1999–2002 values surveys.

12. Inglehart, Ronald; Norris, P (2003), Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World, New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

13. Inglehart, Ronald; Welzel, C (2005), Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy, New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

14. Inglehart, Ronald; Welzel, C (2009), Development and Democracy: What We Know about Modernization Today (PDF), World Values Survey.

15. Inglehart, Ronald; Welzel, C (2010), Changing Mass Priorities: The Link between Modernization and Democracy (PDF), World Values Survey.

16. Norris, P; Inglehart, Ronald (2004), Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide., New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

17. Norris, P; Inglehart, Ronald (2009), Cosmopolitan Communications: Cultural Diversity in a Globalized World, New York: Cambridge University Press.

18. Van de Vliert, E (2006), Climatoeconomic Roots of Survival Versus Self-expression Cultures (PDF), World Values Survey.

19. Welzel, C (2006a), Individual Modernity (PDF), World Values Survey.

20. Welzel, C (2006b), Democratization in the Human Development Perspective (PDF), World Values Survey.

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22. Welzel, C (2007), "Are Levels of Democracy Affected by Mass Attitudes?" (PDF), International Political Science Review 28 (4).

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24. Welzel, C (2009b), How Selfish Are Self-Expression Values? A Civicness Test (PDF), World Values Survey.

25. Welzel, C (March 2010), "How Selfish Are Self-Expression Values: A Civicness Test", Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology 41.

26. Welzel, C (2011), "The Asian Values Thesis Revisited: Evidence from the World Values Surveys", Japanese Journal of Political Science 12 (1).

27. Welzel, C (2013), Freedom Rising. Human Empowerment and the Quest for Emancipation, New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

28. Welzel, C; Inglehart, Ronald (2006), Mass Beliefs in Comparative Politics, World Values Survey.

29. Welzel, C; Inglehart, Ronald (2008), "Democratization as Human Empowerment", Journal of Democracy 19 (1).

30. Welzel, C; Inglehart, Ronald (2009a), The Role of Ordinary People in Democratization (PDF), World Values Survey.

31. Welzel, C; Inglehart, Ronald (2009b), Mass Beliefs and Democratization (PDF), World Values Survey.

32. Welzel, C; Inglehart, Ronald (2009c), Agency, Values, and Well-Being: A Human Development Model (PDF), World Values Survey.

33. Welzel, C; Inglehart, Ronald (2010), "Values, Agency, and Well-Being: A Human Development Model", Social Indicators Research 97 (1).

34. Welzel, C; Inglehart, Ronald; Deutsch, F (2005), "Social Capital, Voluntary Associations, and Collective Action: Which Aspects of Social Capital Have the Greatest ‘Civic’ Payoff?", Journal of Civil Society 1 (2).

35. Welzel, C; Inglehart, Ronald; Klingemann, HD (2003), "The Theory of Human Development: A Cross-Cultural Analysis", European Journal of Political Research (DE: Jacobs University) 42 (3): 341–79, doi:10.1111/1475-6765.00086.

36. Welzel, Christian (2013), Freedom Rising: Human Empowerment and the Quest for Emancipation, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781107034709.

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