richard reed anita bilos sara wilkinson karl werner-schulte
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A Comparison of International Rating Tools
17th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference23 - 26 June 2010 Milano
Richard Reed Anita Bilos
Sara Wilkinson Karl Werner-Schulte
Deakin University IRE|BS University RegensburgAustralia Germany
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Overview
1. Overview2. Challenges facing the rating of sustainable
buildings3. Complex systems of sustainable rating tools4. Comparison of sustainable rating tools5. Current questions about rating tools6. Where are rating tools heading?
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Figure 1. Diversity of Climatic Zones
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Figure 2. Complex System of International Rating Tools
Source: IRE|BS
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Figure 3. Countries with Various Rating Tool Development Levels
Source: IRE|BS
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Figure 4. Timeline of the Development of Rating Tools in Different Countries
Source: IRE|BS
10
BREEAM LEED Green Star CASBEE DGNBLaunch Date 1990 1998 2003 2004 2009Ratings PASS/GOOD/VERY
GOOD/EXCELLENT/ OUTSTANDING
Certified/Silver/Gold/Platinum
One Star/Two Star/Three Star/Four Star/Five Star/Six Star
C/B-/B+/A/S Gold, Silver, Bronze
Weightings Applied to each issue category (consensus based on scientific/open consultation)
All credits equally weighted, although the number of credits related to each issue is a de facto weighting
Applied to each issue category (industry survey based)
Highly complex weighting system applied at every level
Applied to each issue category
Information Gathering
Design/management team or assessor
Design/management team or Accredited Professional
Design team Design/management team
Design/management team or Accredited Professional
Third Party Valuation
BRE N/A GBCA (Green Building Council of Australia) nominated assessors
Third Party Agencies e.g. JSBC (Japan Sustainable Building Consortium)
Federal Ministry of Transport, Building, and Urban Affairs (BMVBS)
Certification labelling
BRE USGBC (United States Green Buildings Council)
GBCA JSBC DGNB
Update Process Annual As required Annual As required As requiredGovernance UK Accreditation Service
(UKAS)USGBC GBCA JSBC DGNB
Required qualification
Competent persons scheme
Passed exam Training scheme and exam N/A Training scheme and exam
Assessor/AP CPD requirements
Carry out at least one assessment per year
No CPD requirements Status renewed every three years
N/A No CPD requirements at this moment
Compound Annual Growth Rate
93% (1998-2007) 86% (2002-2007) Not available Not available Not available
Assessment Collation Fee*
£2000-£10000 ($3971-19857)
Up to £37,770 ($75000) £2015-4030 ($4002-8004) Unknown 6.000 – 15.000 €
Certification fee £740-£1500 ($1469-2979)
£1133-£11331 ($2250-22500)
£2550-£7185 ($5063-14268)
Unknown Unknown
Cost of credit appeals
Free £252 ($500) £403 ($800) Unknown Unknown
Credit interpretation requests cost/allowance
Free/unlimited number £111 ($220) unlimited number
Free/Maximum of two Unknown Unknown
Number of units certified**
110808 1823 50 23 19 certified, 28 pre-certification
Domestic 109450 540 N/A N/A AllNon-Domestic 1358 1283 50 23 -Availability of assessment information
Estimator tools are available free of charge. Guidance is currently only available to people who attend the training courses
The tools are available free of charge and technical guidance is available for £100 ($200)
The tools are available free of charge and the technical manual is available for £224 ($444)
The assessment tool and guidance is available free of charge in Japanese and English.
Guidance and checklists are only available for DGNB member. The website with general information is available in English.
Table 1. Complex System of International Rating Tools
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Table 2. Issue weighting comparison table
Source: BRE2008 & DGNB
DGNB
Ecological Quality 22,5
Economical Quality 22,5
Socio-cultural and Functional Quality
22,5
Technical Quality 22,5
Quality of process 10
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Current questions about rating tools…
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Is a five star building with one rating system directly comparable with a building using another rating system?
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Table 3. A Broad Comparison of Four Rating Tools
Source: BRE2008 modified by Authors
Gold
Silver
Bronze
DGNB
?? ?
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Which rating system is the most popular or which tool is the cheapest ?
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BREEAM LEED Green Star CASBEE DGNBLaunch Date 1990 1998 2003 2004 2009Ratings PASS/GOOD/VERY
GOOD/EXCELLENT/ OUTSTANDING
Certified/Silver/Gold/Platinum
One Star/Two Star/Three Star/Four Star/Five Star/Six Star
C/B-/B+/A/S Gold, Silver, Bronze
Weightings Applied to each issue category (consensus based on scientific/open consultation)
All credits equally weighted, although the number of credits related to each issue is a de facto weighting
Applied to each issue category (industry survey based)
Highly complex weighting system applied at every level
Applied to each issue category
Information Gathering
Design/management team or assessor
Design/management team or Accredited Professional
Design team Design/management team
Design/management team or Accredited Professional
Third Party Valuation
BRE N/A GBCA (Green Building Council of Australia) nominated assessors
Third Party Agencies e.g. JSBC (Japan Sustainable Building Consortium)
Federal Ministry of Transport, Building, and Urban Affairs (BMVBS)
Certification labelling
BRE USGBC (United States Green Buildings Council)
GBCA JSBC DGNB
Update Process Annual As required Annual As required As requiredGovernance UK Accreditation Service
(UKAS)USGBC GBCA JSBC DGNB
Required qualification
Competent persons scheme
Passed exam Training scheme and exam N/A Training scheme and exam
Assessor/AP CPD requirements
Carry out at least one assessment per year
No CPD requirements Status renewed every three years
N/A No CPD requirements at this moment
Compound Annual Growth Rate
93% (1998-2007) 86% (2002-2007) Not available Not available Not available
Assessment Collation Fee*
£2000-£10000 ($3971-19857)
Up to £37,770 ($75000) £2015-4030 ($4002-8004) Unknown 6.000 – 15.000 €
Certification fee £740-£1500 ($1469-2979)
£1133-£11331 ($2250-22500)
£2550-£7185 ($5063-14268)
Unknown Unknown
Cost of credit appeals
Free £252 ($500) £403 ($800) Unknown Unknown
Credit interpretation requests cost/allowance
Free/unlimited number £111 ($220) unlimited number
Free/Maximum of two Unknown Unknown
Number of units certified**
110808 1823 50 23 19 certified, 28 pre-certification
Domestic 109450 540 N/A N/A AllNon-Domestic 1358 1283 50 23 -Availability of assessment information
Estimator tools are available free of charge. Guidance is currently only available to people who attend the training courses
The tools are available free of charge and technical guidance is available for £100 ($200)
The tools are available free of charge and the technical manual is available for £224 ($444)
The assessment tool and guidance is available free of charge in Japanese and English.
Guidance and checklists are only available for DGNB member. The website with general information is available in English.
Table 1. Complex System of International Rating Tools
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Where are rating tools heading ?
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Figure 5. Timeline of the Development of Rating Tools in Different Countries
Source: IRE|BS
2015 2020 2025 2030
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International rating tools are very complex Substantial differences between each rating tool Little movement towards a generic rating tool Stakeholders need to discuss current challenges
e.g. at conferences Where are rating tools heading? On-going research is required
Conclusion and further research
A Comparison of International Rating Tools
17th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference23 - 26 June 2010 Milano
Richard Reed Anita Bilos
Sara Wilkinson Karl Werner-Schulte
Deakin University IRE|BS University RegensburgAustralia Germany
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