rise of fascism

Ascension of Fascism

An answer to difficult timesPost-war period

HungerMajority of working force deceasedWar debtUnfair post-war treatyUnemployment Resentment

Great DepressionRampaging Inflation

Fascism

FascismExtreme right party

Against communismExtreme nationalism

Loyalty to the State and Leader

MilitarismDiscipline

DictatorshipCensorship

The individual is a diseaseConservatism

Support from the Catholic Church

Definition

The Fall of LiberalismIn the inter-war period many countries

abandon Democracy In Europe only the UK, Finland, Ireland, Sweden

and Swiss remained minimally liberal In America only Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, the US and Uruguai In 1944, only 12 out of the 65 free countries were

constitutional democracies elected by popular vote

Fascism

“Democracy is beautiful in theory, in reality it is a falacy”

Mussolini

Born on July, 29 1883In Dovia di

Predappio

Son of Alessandro Mussolini

A socialist with anarchist inclinations

Mussolini

Mussolini went to WW IFor a communist it was

betrail!He saw an opportunity to

overthrow the monarchyExpelled from the Party

Mussolini

The Fascist PartyWas founded by Mussolini in 1921 out of a

paramilitary organization from 1919"Socialism as a doctrine was already dead; it

continued to exist only as a grudge”

The Party gets more powerAs the economic situation of Italy worsens, his ideas gain popularity

The Brown Shirts200 members

Mussolini

March on Rome30.000 fascists march on RomeThey demand the king Victor Emanuel III name Mussolini as Prime Minister

Mussolini gets supportMilitary, bourgeoisie, bigproprietors e right wing liberals

Mussolini was againstCommunists, strikes, workers rights and any type of social agitation

Mussolini

Il Duce as a Prime MinisterForbade all other political parties

Arrested or assassinated his opponents

Gave control over the economy to the big proprietors

Imposed censorship

Outlawed strikes

Mussolini

and met Hitler

Mussolini

“Jews may be a race, but they are certainly not human.”

Hitler

Economy in shreds1 dolar was worth4.2 million marks

Treaty of VersaillesHuge DebtMilitary Restrictions

Nazism

NazismUltra- Nacionalism

XenophobiaPersecution of jews, gypsy, blacks, impaired,

homossexuals, Jeova witnesses, priests, communists, anyone with different political ideas

Extreme right party

MilitarismDiscipline

DictatorshipCensorship

Conservatism

Definition

Basic principles of the Nazi StateAryan Superiority

Pure and superior to othersDestined to rule

Anti-semitismPersecution to jewsBlamed for everything going

wrong in Germany

Vital Space (Lebensraun) It was necessary to conquer all

the Old Germania for the aryan ascension

Definition

Born on April, 20 of 1889In Salzburg, Áustria

Son of Alois e Klara Hitler

The forth sonAlois e Klara had 5

children, only 3 of which survived until adulthood

Hitler

Violent relationship with his fatherAlois was abusive with all the

family

Difficulties in schoolHe studied in a very strict

schoolLittle Hitler didn’t do well

thereEspecially after the passing of

his brother measles

Financial troubleAlois died in 1903

Hitler

Hitler

Life in LinzRelations between jews and his family were relatively

friendly

Anti-semitism“There were few Jews in Linz. In the course of centuries

their outward appearance had become Europeanized and had taken on a human look; in fact, I even took them for Germans. The absurdity of this idea did not dawn on me because I saw no distinguishing feature but the strange religion. The fact that they had, as I believed, been persecuted on this account sometimes almost turned my distaste at unfavorable remarks about them into horror. Thus far I did not so much as suspect the existence of an organized opposition to the Jews. Then I came to Vienna.”

Hitler

“Once, as I was strolling through the Inner City, I suddenly encountered an apparition in a black caftan and black hair locks. Is this a Jew? was my first thought. For, to be sure, they had not looked like that in Linz. I observed the man furtively and cautiously, but the longer I stared at this foreign face, scrutinizing feature for feature, the more my first question assumed a new form: Is this a German?”

Soldier in WW1 Austrian citizen

Joined the bavarian army Mixed force (austrian and german)

Medals 2 Iron Crosses

Bravery Wounded badge

Wounded Injured by a granade

In his groin (officialy his thigh) Temporarily blind

Mustard gas

ArmisticeHated the Weimar Republic with his guts

Adolf Hitler

Women’s rights Women were theoretically

equal in the Nazi State There were specific medals

for women

Sober Didin’t drink Didn’t smoke Vegetarian

Animal welfare

Addicted to methanfetamina It wasn’t considered na

illegal drug at the time

Believed in astrology Sagitarian Batallion

Hitler

Eva Braum

Blondi

Hitler

Nationalsozialistische Deutsche ArbeiterparteiIn 1919, Hitler becomes

a memberIn the beginning, a spy from

the armyLater, he becomes the artist of the party, with the job to draw the Nazi flag.

Hitler

Hitler

Great public speakerHitler was a stutterer in

childhoodStrange accentHe was very short!

SpeechesHitler gained notoriety for

hisControversial speeches against the Treaty of Versailles, polititians, and especially communists and jews

Hitler

Beer Hall Putsch8 of November 1923 in MunichHitler and the Nazi party invaded a meeting of

political adversaries in a Beer hallAnnounced the end of the government!

Next day, they marched onMunich

Like the fascists

They were all either caught of killed

Hitler

Hitler was arrested for treasonHe got 5 years in prison

He was well treated He had visits of followers and

jornalists Became famous!

Turned out to spend only one year in prison

Hitler

Mein KampfWhile in jail, Hitler wrote the first book of his

autobiographyThe original title read: Four and a Half Years of

Struggle against Lies, Stupidity, and CowardiceAutobiography andexposition of his ideology It sold 228.000 copiesbetween 1925 e 19321 million copies in 1933, his first year in office

Hitler

Ascension to powerGreat Depression

The impact on the already battered up Economy of the Weimar Republic was terrrible

The Nazi Party had now support from the massesThey promised to reject the

Treaty of Versailles, strenghten the economy and create jobsAnd did so!

Hitler

Ascension to PowerNamed Chancelor

Prime MinisterThe ineffective government of the Weimar Republic under

Von Hindenburg shifted the support of the elite toward Hitler

President Von Hindenburg dies

August 1934Probably assassinated

Führer A mix of president and chancelor

They held a plebiscite in which90% voted yes Fraud?

Hitler

Dictatorship beginsSupression of all

political parties

 Syndicates were bannedLeaders are arrested

or murdered

Hitler

“At the risk of appearing to talk nonsense I tell you that the National Socialist movement will go on for 1,000 years! ... Don't forget how people laughed at me 15 years ago when I declared that one day I would govern Germany. They laugh now, just as foolishly, when I declare that I shall remain in power!”

Hitler

Third ReichEconomy and war effort

Strengthening the Armed forcesWhere did the money come from?

From everything that they took from the jews!

Infrastructure paid for by the State

Unemployment dropped from 6 Million in 1932 to 1 million in 1936

Hitler

Third ReichWar alliances

Anti-Comintern PactAnti-communist

Germany + Japan + Italy1937

Hitler starts to occupy territoryLebensraun

Remilitarization of demilitarized areas

Hitler