river valley civilization. bellringer glue in the papers you picked up and glue in the following...

River Valley Civilization

Bellringer• Glue in the papers you picked up and glue in the

following order

• Page 20: Unit 2: Vocabulary • Page 21: Preview• Page 22: STAIRS notes• Page 23: GRAPES notes• Page 24: Problems with Sumer• Page 25: Process• Page 26:Homework

Agenda• Notes starting with the STAIRS worksheet• GRAPES• Problem with Sumer • Process • Homework

Homework• Ancient Middle East and Ziggurats and Cuneiform

articles

S.T.A.I.R.s Specialized workers

Technology

Advanced cities

Institutions

Record keeping

Sumer GRAPES

What is GRAPES?• Geography

• Religion

• Achievements

• Political

• Economics

• Social

GRAPES

Sumer: Geography

• Southern Mesopotamia • Part of the Fertile Crescent

Jericho

Aleppo

Glossary Help

• Mesopotamia- The land between two rivers (in the Middle East) – the first river valley civilization

• Fertile Crescent- A crescent-shaped area of fertile land in the Middle East

Physical Geography

• Two rivers, lots of fertile land• Flat • Mountains and deserts beyond the flat land• Neighbors were nomads in the desert and

northern Mesopotamia…we’ll meet them soon

Sumer: Religion• Polytheism – belief in many gods

o What did their gods do?

• Ziggurat – temple and city-centero Animal sacrifices and offerings

• Why are priests so important in Sumer?

Temple to Nanna, Ur

This large temple, dedicated to the god Nanna, was built around 2100 B.C. by King Ur-Nammu, in the ancient Mesopotamian city of Ur. (Michael S. Yamashita/Corbis; ABC-CLIO)

Offerings to the Gods

King Ur-Nammu makes an offering to the moon god Nanna. Ur-Nammu reigned over the Sumerian city of Ur from about 2112 to 2095 B.C. The stela dates to around 2060 B.C. (Bettmann/Corbis; ABC-CLIO)

Sumer: Achievements

• Inventionso Wheelo Sailo Plowo Base-60

math (used today in clocks and circles

Achievements• Architecture (ziggurat)• Writing – cuneiform

o Earliest writing used pictograms, pictures that stand for wordso Later evolved into a set of symbols representing about 300 sounds

Early Writing

Clay tablet with pictograms from Mesopotamia. (Multimedia Library; ABC-CLIO)

Ancient Sumerian tablet with cuneiform, one of the earliest forms of writing. This tablet, from 2039 BC, tracks disbursements of wages to supervisors of day laborers. (Library of Congress; ABC-CLIO)

Sumerian inscription, detail of a statue of Gudea of Lagash, 22nd century BC (Brittannica)

DRAW A PICTURE OF CUNEIFORM AND DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS!

Detail from an Assyrian tablet with cuneiform writing. The Assyrian alphabet contained 19 simple letters and approximately 300 cuneiform symbols. (Shutterstock; ABC-CLIO)

Arts

Sumerian figurine of a woman sitting and holding a small vase. (Erich Lessing/Art Resource; ABC-CLIO)

Standard of Ur – War

Standard of Ur – Peace

Sumer: Political

• Priests ruled in peace, military leaders during wars

• Eventually, a military leader made himself king and created a dynasty

Sumer: Political• Each city-state had its own king

o Ur, Uruk, Umma, Lagash, Kish

• Leaders collected taxes and organized labor (for, say, irrigation)

Sumer: Economic

• Agriculture-based• Trade very important

o Traded food for stone, wood, and metalo Then made tools and traded them for more stuff

Sumer: SocialPriests

Wealthy Merchants

Working Class (Farmers, Artisans)

Slaves (Foreign Prisoners, Sold Children)

Why were merchants so respected?

Women’s Rights

• Women couldo Own propertyo Be educatedo Have important jobs

• Women could noto Rule the city or be the head priest

Mesopotamia: Did the Sumerians create a civilization?

• Using the S.T.A.I.R.s work sheet provided in your packet, walk around to the different posters hanging to decide if the question above it correct.