robots on our roads: the coming revolution in mobility€¦ · longer term: freightliner...

Robots on Our Roads: The Coming Revolution in Mobility

Ohio Planning Conference July 27, 2016Richard Bishop

Myths!

• “The roads need to be changed to make automated driving possible.”

• WRONG!• “All vehicles need to be connected to enable automation.”• WRONG!• “Automated Vehicles are prohibitively expensive.”• WRONG!• “New laws / regulations are needed to enable automated

vehicles.”• …not necessarily• “Automated vehicles are in the distant future.”• … depends on what we’re talking about

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Domains of Automation

Road Automation Domains

• Passenger Cars

– privately owned, low utilization

• Heavy Trucks

– fleet owned, high utilization

• Automated Mobility on Demand: “robo-taxi”

– fleet owned, high utilization

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Who Owns and Who Drives?

5Source: Morgan Stanley

crash avoidance systems: here now & making a difference

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Today’s Crash Avoidance Systems Are The

Foundation For Automated Vehicles

• Electronic Stability

Control

• Lane Departure

Avoidance

• Blind spot Monitoring

• Pedestrian Detection

• Automatic Emergency

Braking

Today’s Crash Avoidance Systems Are The

Foundation For Automated Vehicles

• Electronic Stability

Control

• Lane Departure

Avoidance

• Blind spot Monitoring

• Pedestrian Detection

• Automatic Emergency

Braking

80% crash reduction in the next twenty years!

from crash avoidance to automated driving

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Doing Things Right!

• Automated driving is different from crash avoidance.

• Crash avoidance technology intervenes when things go wrong

• Automated driving technology automates the things we do RIGHT.

Automated Driving:

Enabling Technology

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Source: Texas Instruments ADAS Solutions Guide

How Do Robots See the World?

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• Quanergy at CES 2016

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYOeJUtQsEs

Automated Driving:

Supporting Technology

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Source: Texas Instruments ADAS Solutions Guide

HIGH DEFINITION MAPS V2X COMMUNICATIONS

Automated Driving:

Technology

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Source: Texas Instruments ADAS Solutions Guide

WHAT ABOUT CYBERSECURITY?

from research to product

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Available Now: Highway Co-Pilot

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Available Now: Highway Co-Pilot

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Available Now: Highway Co-Pilot

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Available Now: Highway Co-Pilot

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Available Now: Highway Co-Pilot

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Available Now: Highway Co-Pilot

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Available Now: Highway Co-Pilot

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Available Now: Highway Co-Pilot

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Available Now: Highway Co-Pilot

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Automated Driving:

Where From Here?

• 2020– Level 2 systems (eyes-on) for street use

– Level 3 systems (eyes-off) for highway use

– Level 4 low speed robo-taxi services in some cities /

campuses

• 2025+

– Level 3 systems working on virtually all roads

– Level 4 robo-taxi services growing in extent

What Stars Must Align? National Regulations

• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration only regulates equipment on new vehicles

– “what is not prohibited is permitted”

– therefore, AV is permitted!

• Google, others lobbying Congress to expand NHTSA authority on driving rules

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What Stars Must Align? State Regulations

• States regulate how vehicles are operated

• A regulation may not be required for AV use to be legal

• depends on specific language in driving code

• new Florida law allows operational use of automated driving (going beyond testing only)

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automated trucking

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What Factors Affect Trucking Today?

• Driver shortage

• Hours of Service

• Fuel cost

• Crashes

• Congestion

• Sustainability

• Trailer Length / Longer Combination Vehicles

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Longer Term: Freightliner Inspiration Truck (hands-off, feet-off, eyes-off)

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Near Term:Driver Assistive Truck Platooning

• Two trucks following safely at close following distances (50 – 100 ft)

• By combining DSRC Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications with radar..– …braking by rear truck occurs simultaneously with leader

truck

• Follower truck driver still responsible for steering• Significant fuel savings due to aerodynamics

– 10% rear truck, 5% front truck

• Gaps variable in real-time based on conditions– frequent entry/exit, traffic, weather

• Product introduction expected 2017

Automating Truck Drayage Operations

• Addressing container movements at intermodal facilities

• Florida DOT project defining pilot projects for possible funding– shippers, fleets, technology providers, ports

• Promising areas:– freight signal priority

– driver assistive truck platooning

– driverless ship-to-rail container transfers

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Truck Only Lanes: Robots Driving With Robots!

• Georgia: two new northbound lanes on a 40-mile stretch of Interstate 75

– on the southern edge of metropolitan Atlanta

– built over next ten years

• What does this mean to automated trucking?

• Longer platoons

• Higher speeds

• Stopping only for fuel

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What Stars Must Align? State Regulations for Truck Platooning

• Low level of automation eases the way

• State-level following distance laws are key

– 28 states: no minimum following distance

– 6 states: ready for pilot testing (FL, UT, MI, NV, AL, TX, TN)

– others: legislation or administrative regulatory changes in progress

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Recommended: American Trucking AssociationTechnology and Maintenance CouncilInformation Report

• TMC Future Truck Program: Task Force on Automated Driving and Platooning

• Automated Driving & Platooning: Issues & Opportunities (TMC IR 2015-2)

• Recommendations Regarding Automated Driving and Platooning Systems (Position Paper 2015-03)

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Peloton Technology: Driver Assistive Truck Platooning

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• Peloton Truck Platooning Video

• http://peloton-tech.com/

-- Automated Shuttles-- On-Demand Automated Trips

AUTOMATED MOBILITYON DEMAND

Automated Shuttles:WePod: Wageningen, Netherlands

WePod: 6 passenger vehicles, 25 kph

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On-Demand AV: Key Players Investing Billions

• Tech Startups– Google– Uber– Zoox

• Car Manufacturers– Daimler: adding automated services to established

car sharing (Car2Go)– Ford: AMOD on corporate campus– GM: $500M Lyft investment, established Maven car

sharing– Nissan: Smart Mobility Concept for urban driving

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Nissan Smart Mobility Concept

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Smart Columbus: Autonomous Electric Vehicle

• Commercial District: Easton mixed-use area– walks within the district can be up to a mile

• Perfect setting for robo-taxi solution• Implementing six DSRC-enabled Electric Autonomous

Vehicles using public roadways in mixed traffic at speeds up to 25 mph– roads will upgraded to support the system

• Persons on-board are passengers only!• Stymied robot? • No problem: EAV can be operated remotely – a new

way to think of human-in-the-loop.

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wrap-up

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What Should States and Cities Do To Position Themselves?

• Policy– create a clear set of criteria for these vehicles to operate

on their roads– define requirements that protect the public yet are not so

onerous that the business case collapses

• Dynamic Data– traffic signal phase and timing– detailed information on work zones– best practices in markings and signage

• Data Delivery– cloud / public networks– V2V / V2I

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Robots on our Roads

• Market demand is strong• Powerful synergies between car- and truck-side

stimulate momentum for both• Industry aggressively developing AV products• Government policy is challenged to keep up• Regulatory / policy issues will be “handled” rather than

“solved” • Universal will amongst all players to make automated

driving a reality• No other technology ever offered in vehicles allows

drivers to do something else with their brain. • THIS IS NEW TERRITORY!

Thank You

Richard Bishop

Bishop Consulting

richardbishop@mindspring.com

@ThinkingCarsH3B